Neural Cyber Augmentation (NCA) is a groundbreaking interdisciplinary field that integrates neuroscience, cybernetics, and biotechnology to enhance human cognitive and physical capabilities. This technology holds transformative potential for public health, enabling advancements in cognitive enhancement, disease management, and human-machine interaction. Early research in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) demonstrated the feasibility of using neural signals to control external devices, laying the foundation for more complex applications such as advanced prosthetics and cognitive training. Subsequent developments in cybernetic implants have significantly improved the quality of life for individuals with sensory and motor impairments by providing enhanced capabilities beyond natural limits. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with neural interfaces has further propelled the field, enabling personalized cognitive training and adaptive therapies. Despite these advancements, the ethical and social implications of NCA, such as privacy concerns, informed consent, and equitable access, must be addressed. Future research should focus on improving neural interfaces, integrating AI for personalized interventions, establishing comprehensive ethical guidelines, conducting longitudinal studies on long-term effects, and developing strategies to ensure accessibility for all. By addressing these challenges, NCA has the potential to revolutionize public health and usher in a new era of human enhancement and well-being.