Physical Artifacts Research Articles

Translating primary care to telehealth: analysis of in-person paediatric consultations and role of the carers.

The usage of telehealth in general practice (GP) has risen substantially ever since the COVID-19 pandemic. Over this timeframe, telehealth has provided care for all patient demographics, including the paediatric population (aged<18). However, the translatability of telehealth (ie, whether in-person tasks can be supported remotely via telehealth) rarely considers the paediatric population or their carers. To examine the degree of translatability to telehealth for in-person GP consultations on paediatric patients with consideration of the carers' roles. This study screened 281 videos of in-person GP consultations set within UK general practices, and 20 of them were eligible for analysis. Secondary analysis of in-person GP consultations to examine tasks, physical artefacts, examinations and the interaction between carer, patient and GP. A novel scoring method revolving around two key metrics, taking into consideration the carer, was designed to analyse whether the tasks performed can be supported via telehealth. Analysis of 20 eligible consultations revealed 13 distinct physical examinations, 19 physical artefacts and 17 clinical tasks. Of these 17 clinical tasks, 41% were deemed 'definitely or easily translatable to telehealth,' ' 29% 'somewhat translatable with patient-provided equipment,' 12% 'potentially translatable,' and 18% 'currently untranslatable.' The average telehealth translatability score was 6.1/10, which suggests possible challenges with telehealth support. Regarding carer involvement, 90% of consultations involved collecting patient history, 70% placation of child, and 40% had physical support during examinations. Tasks performed during paediatric in-person GP consultations may not be easily translatable to telehealth and caution should be exercised when considering its translatability to telehealth.

Digitized Identification of Indigo Natural Dyeing on Batik and Non-Batik Fabrics

Natural coloring in textiles has regained favor as the sustainable fashion movement grows. Fabric colour digitisation can help with data inventory of natural dyed textiles because digital data could endure longer than physical sample artifacts. In this research, digitization was performed on standardized fabric samples: cotton fabric dyed with indigo natural dyestuff and processed with batik and non-batik treatment. Indigo dye is made from the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) and is fixed with quicklime (Calcium Oxide), which serves as both the initial and final mordant. Fabric dyeing was repeated three, six and nine times until the desired hue is reached. The final fabric samples were then scanned to produce discrete color values in RGB format. Color digitization of batik and non-batik fabrics produces content which can be used in digital mediums.

Visual metaphors for collaboration planning in strategy meetings

PurposeUsing visual metaphors with physical artefacts can improve collaboration planning processes in strategic meetings. The study presented here aims to examine these processes.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the participants used the LEGO® Serious Play® method in strategic planning meetings. The meetings were video recorded, and a thematic analysis method was applied to produce coded themes and narratives of collaboration planning based on the visual metaphors used in the meetings.FindingsThe study participants built LEGO artefacts representing three primary visual metaphors of collaboration focussing on landscapes, interaction processes and shared goals. The participants began with building landscapes by stacking and connecting LEGO base pieces as surfaces to build on, and to represent separate physical locations and more abstract business concepts. Alternatively, landscapes were built to centre activities around key business stakeholders. In terms of interaction processes, the participants lined up LEGO character pieces to explore communications between product developers, salespersons, customers and external partners. As for shared goals, tower-like high structures were created to represent open discussions, data sharing, prototyping and threats that should be avoided.Originality/valueThis study shows that using visual metaphors with physical artefacts provides an effective method for planning strategic collaboration areas, communications and future goals. Creating and communicating visual metaphors using physical artefacts enhances the creativity and participation of the meeting participants. Our future work will focus on studying the use of physical artefacts other than LEGO pieces in different group meetings contexts to better understand the role of visual metaphors.

Materializing Digital Archaeology: Managing 3D Models

The archaeological record is fragmented yet the artifacts and data that comprise it are used to make vast claims about human nature and behavior, and about past and contemporary cultures and societies (Huggett, 2012; Huvila, 2019). The digital archaeological record is further fragmented by the rarity of digitization (due to resource and time constraints) and the loss of information through the digitization process Huvila &amp; Huggett, 2018; Schroer &amp; Mudge, 2017). Due to the lack of connection between the physical artifacts and their digital instantiations (as 3D models, metadata records, scanned images, etc.) it is difficult to understand what contextual information has been lost and/or altered from the physical data. This results in knowledge and information claims based on limited and biased data which can lead to an exacerbation of the silences and gaps in the archaeological record (Huggett, 2020) which 1) reduces the accuracy of archaeological research and 2) can differentially harm marginalized communities because, like archival records, the archaeological record can be used to assert “master” or “grand” narratives (Bastian, 2009; Carbajal &amp; Caswell, 2021). This Work-in-Progress poster is focused on information loss during the 3D modeling of archaeological artifacts. I posit that instead of understanding 3D models of artifacts as singular sources of information, they should be treated as one component of a complex resource. However, it has been difficult to find my way through the required reorientation of concepts like materiality from the digital humanities (Drucker, 2013; Kirschenbaum, 2012) and to implement this reorientation in practice.

Exploring the design of physical artefacts to visualise household consumption for encouraging sustainable practices

ABSTRACT Although household consumption contributes to climate change, it can be challenging to comprehend the consequences and effects from a personal perspective. In this paper, we explore the design of physical data visualisations to promote sustainable practices within households. We conducted 15 household design workshops involving household members to explore physical designs and envision the potential use of physical artefacts in the home to promote sustainability behaviours using five low to medium-fidelity prototypes. The findings from these workshops highlight the need to balance aesthetics, abstraction, and the presentation of actionable information in the design of physical artefacts. Based on our findings, we identify key design considerations for future design: (1) including all household members in the design process to reflect the collective goals and values of the home, fostering a sense of ownership and engagement, (2) considering child-friendly design in physical artefacts to promote awareness, education, engagement, and sustainable values in children, (3) and considering nature-based visuals to reduce the mental burden of information overload.

What physical examinations are observed during an in-person GP consultation? Automatic extraction using a text-based approach

ObjectivesTeleconsultation is anticipated to have a long-term role in primary care. However, conducting virtual physical examinations is a well-known limitation. To anticipate unmet needs general practitioners (GPs) and patients may experience during teleconsultation, this study aims to automatically identify physical examinations typically conducted during in-person GP consultation. Material and MethodsThis study utilizes 281 GP in-person consultations (de-identified transcripts & video recordings) within UK general practices, where 169 eligible ones were included in this study. We propose an automated text-based approach using regular expressions on keywords in GP-patient consultation dialogue (e.g., “roll up your sleeves”) to identify physical examinations (e.g. blood pressure measurement). This approach involves the construction of conceptual diagrams to visually inspect the relationship between keywords and physical examinations, syntax analysis to identify patterns between keywords and generate regular expressions, and the use of these regular expressions in consultation transcripts to detect potential instances of physical examinations, where matching video frames were subsequently retrieved. The performance of our automated text-based approach is compared to manual classification by 2 independent researchers using 5-fold cross-validation (precision, recall, and F1-score). ResultsAmong the 169 eligible GP in-person consultations, 133 (79%) required a physical examination, while the other 33 visits were for psychological reasons. Out of these 133 consultations, a total of 283 physical examinations were observed, with 21 instances conducted behind a curtain. We identified 42 distinct types of physical examinations from these 283 instances, grouped into 10 physical examination categories based on body areas and physical artefacts. The most frequent category of physical examinations is Vital Signs 26.80% (76/283). Overall, blood pressure measurement (also belonging to the Vital Signs category) is the most frequent physical examination at 59.2% (45/76). The comparison between manual classification and the regular expression model demonstrates an average precision of 88.3%, recall of 78.9%, and an F1-score of 83.3% from 5-fold cross-validation, providing significant insights into the frequency and types of physical examinations conducted during in-person GP consultations. ConclusionBy using regular expressions in consultation dialogues between GPs and patients, we can automatically identify physical examinations in GP consultations with a precision of 88.3%. Findings from this study, i.e. physical examinations during in-person GP consultations, provide insights into areas where GPs and patients may need support during teleconsultation.

Translating in-person care to telehealth: analysis of GP consultations on musculoskeletal conditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rapid transition to telehealth particularly in general practice (GP) where continuous care for chronic conditions such as musculoskeletal (MSK) is provided. To determine the appropriateness of telehealth for MSK by identifying whether in-person tasks can be supported remotely via telehealth. This study is a secondary analysis of the HaRI dataset. This dataset comprises of 281 videos of recorded GP consultations. The data set includes 10 general practitioners, across 8 separate clinics and was collected during 2017 in the United Kingdom. Content analysis was conducted to identify the clinical tasks, physical examinations and physical artefacts used during the consultations. A scoring method applying two key metrics was developed to assess the translatability of clinical tasks to telehealth. Across the 31 MSK consultations analysed, 12 clinical tasks, five physical examinations and 12 physical artefacts were observed. Of clinical tasks, 17% (2/12) were deemed to be 'easily translatable over telehealth' and 50% (5/12) were deemed 'relatively easy to be translated over telehealth'. Only 17% (2/12) of tasks were rated 'moderately translatable over telehealth', and 17% (2/12) were deemed 'potentially translatable over telehealth'. No clinical tasks in this study were categorised as untranslatable to telehealth. The average telehealth translatability score was 7.1/10. Most clinical tasks observed during in-person GP consultations with MSK patients are translatable to telehealth. Further research is necessary to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of telehealth utilisation for MSK in primary care.

(How) Can computational things be utilized in networked learning?

The aim of this workshop is to discuss with participants what roles (if any) “computational things” can have in networked learning practice and, vice versa, what roles (if any) networked learning can have in learning with “computational things”. “Computational things” are physical artefacts which use computer programs to bring about observable changes in themselves or other artefacts. Typically, the interaction between the computational thing and the environment is mediated through sensors and actuators. Lego Mindstorms, Kubo robots, e-textiles, as well as things integrating Arduinos and Microbits are all examples of computational things. Increasingly, computational things are introduced in education at all levels to support the learning of computational thinking. Because of their materiality, they are useful for concretizing abstract processes and lend themselves to tinkering, which is generally found to support student engagement and motivation (Kafai, 2016; Kafai &amp; Resnick, 1996; Resnick, Berg, &amp; Eisenberg, 2000). On the face of it, however, precisely because of their materiality, they would seem more suited for learning anchored in specific places; i.e. for learning in what Carvalho et al. have termed “place-based spaces for learning” (Carvalho, Goodyear, &amp; de Laat, 2017). On the other hand, research provides examples of competences that may be fostered through networked learning despite their dependency upon physical presence, e.g. beer brewing (Wright &amp; Parchoma, 2014). And Kafai’s work on computational participation, though focused mainly on screen-based programming e.g. in Scratch, includes examples of what might be termed networked learning with computational things in the form of e-textiles (Kafai &amp; Burke, 2014).

Reproducibility analysis of bioimpedance-based self-developed live cell assays

Bioimpedance spectrum (BIS) measurements have a great future in in vitro experiments, meeting all the requirements for non-destructive and label-free methods. Nevertheless, a real basic research can provide the necessary milestones to achieve the success of the method. In this paper a self-developed technology-based approach for in vitro assays is proposed. Authors invented a special graphene-based measuring plate in order to assess the high sensitivity and reproducibility of introduced technique. The design of the self-produced BIS plates maximizes the detection capacity of qualitative changes in cell culture and it is robust against physical effects and artifacts. The plates do not influence the viability and proliferation, however the results are robust, stable and reproducible regardless of when and where the experiments are carried out. In this study, physiological saline concentrations, two cancer and stem cell lines were utilized. All the results were statistically tested and confirmed. The findings of the assays show, that the introduced BIS technology is appropriate to be used in vitro experiments with high efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate high correlation values across the replicates, and the model parameters suggested that the characteristic differences among the various cell lines can be detected using appropriate hypothesis tests.

Standalone gradient measurement of matrix norm for programmable unitary converters

Programmable unitary converters are powerful tools for realizing unitary transformations, advancing the fields of computing and communication. The accuracy of these unitary transformations is crucial for maintaining high fidelity in such applications. However, various physical artifacts can impair the accuracy of the synthesized transformations. A commonly employed approach uses the system’s gradient to restore accuracy. Matrix norm is used to define error between matrices, and minimization of this norm using the gradient restores the accuracy. Although this gradient can indeed be physically measured using external equipment, it leads to a rather complex optical system. In this study, we propose a standalone method for measuring matrix norm gradients, where “standalone” means that no additional optical equipment is needed. This method is based on the mathematical fact that the central difference, which is generally used for the approximation of differentiation, can yield exact differentiation for any unitary converters. Furthermore, we introduce a new matrix distance that is suitable for optimizing unitary converters that use intensity detectors at the output. This distance also yields the exact differentiation with the central difference. Numerical analysis demonstrates that our method exhibits orders of magnitude higher tolerance to measurement noise than prior similar approaches.

Experimental Archaeogaming

ABSTRACTArchaeogaming is an area of increasing interest within archaeology. As archaeogaming's theory and practice are being fleshed out, it is worth considering if there are parallels to traditional archaeological methods within the study of video games. Here, we examine one such possibility: is there an archaeogaming equivalent to experimental archaeology? As a case study, we explore the system used for the mid-1980s development of an unreleased video game prototype for the game company Activision. Through examining this development system, whose use would be otherwise invisible in the finished software artifact, we demonstrate how we have both reconstructed a seemingly lost piece of the system virtually and used this reconstruction for experiments. The methodology we describe can be applied to digital artifacts within contemporary archaeology beyond the scope of video games, and it illustrates some key differences between studying physical and digital artifacts.

Enhancing employee sustainability through employee quality of life: the role of top management support

PurposeThis study aims to focus on how the design of an organization influences employee sustainability. It also highlights how top management support can mediate this relationship.Design/methodology/approachIn order to examine the role of employee quality of life on performance sustainability, a quantitative survey approach was adopted. A questionnaire was distributed using simple random sampling to the employees working in the hotel sector.FindingsResults suggest that organizations can enhance employee sustainability, including performance, commitment, motivation and retention, by investing in values that align with their employees, providing suitable health and wellness initiatives, and adopting in career growth policies. In that, values, health and wellness and human development are confirmed to be core determinants of employee sustainability, with a negligible role of fair compensation and physical artifacts. Top management support is found to mediate the relationship between employee quality of life and sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to a better understanding of how organizational design for quality of life can assist employee sustainability with the mediation role of top management support. The study recommends that the hotel organizations should consider designing their work environments to promote their employee quality of life, which affects their sustainability within the hotel industry.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to a better understanding of how organizational design for quality of life can assist employee sustainability with the mediation role of top management support. The study recommends that the hotel organizations should consider designing their work environments to promote their employees’ quality of life, which affects their sustainability within the hotel industry.Originality/valueWhile there is ample research in business and management literature on the economic and environmental factors of sustainability, social sustainability has received less concentration. This study gives more attention to how employee social sustainability can be affected by the managerial and organizational factors of ensuring work life balance and top management support.

An Analysis of the Identity Structures Built Up by the Characters in Zadie Smith's Novel White Teeth

This paper has been prepared in order to analyze the construction of an identity of both Bangladeshi migrants (Samad Iqbal) as well as English men (Archies Jones) who emigrated from other countries. Those are close friends. Lived in the multicultural city of London in Britain. In the novel White Teeth, the author explores the problems resulting from immigrants from various countries living in Britain, especially those who have left behind physical artifacts (cultural properties) and intangible attributes relating to their ethnic group inherited from the past of the immigrants, who lived in Britain from the first generation to the second generation. The novel of the Smiths is interconnected with their past and also deals with their dissatisfaction with their lives in a society in which they live today. According to Smith, his work is sensitively concerned with the second generation immigrants and their beliefs, which are transmitted from ultra-modern societies via their bringing up, living standards, values, taboos, thinking processes, and the likes. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the way in which the construction of identity of different characters in the novel White Teeth is explored through the lenses of different theories of social scholars, such as Colonial theory, hybridity theory, and post-modern era theories of identity in the social system. This paper also explores how characters existing in the novel construct identity of themselves and how different cultural interact on their identity formation in White Teeth

Exploring the artistic dimensions of soils in the vadose zone

AbstractThe rise of industrialized agriculture, coupled with a global demographic shift toward urbanization, has marginalized every‐day connections between individuals and soils. This societal shift has led to a decline in the appreciation of and cultural identity with soils. Amid a broader movement aimed at fostering soil awareness and environmental action, many artists and designers have been instrumental in bringing soils to the cultural mainstream, figuring their esthetic, social, political, and ecological dimensions. Contemporary artists place great importance on the underlying idea of animating soils through artistic practice, often transcending the physical artifact itself to assign agency to soils and the myriad beings that occupy them. Artists harness a multitude of media to articulate human‐soil relationships. From the early environmental art movements of the 1960s and 1970s to contemporary works centered on urban and industrial brownfields, soils’ multifaceted roles in CO2 transformation, water and nutrient cycling, agriculture, and as living bodies buffering against pollution have become ground for public discourse. What could this mean for the vadose zone in terms of reflecting on material flows in porous media beyond understandings of soil physics? In this paper, we draw on over 20 years of experience in studying the portrayal of soil in various arts genres to deliberate the potential of creative thinking about and thinking with the vadose zone.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND HAND-HELD MOBILE MAPPING FOR THE DOCUMENTATION OF BUILT HERITAGE

Abstract. The increasing demand for 3D digital models has spurred the rapid evolution of technologies to acquire, process, and disseminate 3D data of physical artifacts. Current scanners meet building surveying needs, prompting the exploration of closed systems with multiple sensors, custom accessories, control systems, and varied data processing approaches. While efficient in specific conditions, these systems require careful consideration of factors like technical requirements, environmental conditions, and the intended use of the final model. This article compares a static terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and a portable mobile mapping system (PMMS) for documenting built heritage, focusing on the City Hall of Montecatini Terme in Italy. The Leica Geosystems RTC360 scanner provides quick scanning times and pre-alignment during fieldwork, reducing post-processing efforts. The Leica BLK2GO, belonging to the PMMS family, utilizes laser SLAM, visual SLAM, and inertial IMU measurements for rapid large-area documentation. The comparison assesses accuracy, completeness, and detail recognition, revealing that both systems are suitable for heritage documentation requiring centimetre-level accuracy. However, differences in point density and roughness indicate that the RTC360 may be better for intricate details. The BLK2GO excels in efficiency but is more oriented toward general representations at the architectural scale. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating different methodologies based on project objectives and desired levels of detail, providing insights into the strengths and limitations of each system for diverse applications in heritage documentation.

Digital patient twins for personalized therapeutics and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Digital twins are virtual models of physical artefacts that may or may not be synchronously connected, and that can be used to simulate their behavior. They are widely used in several domains such as manufacturing and automotive to enable achieving specific quality goals. In the health domain, so-called digital patient twins have been understood as virtual models of patients generated from population data and/or patient data, including, for example, real-time feedback from wearables. Along with the growing impact of data science technologies like artificial intelligence, novel health data ecosystems centered around digital patient twins could be developed. This paves the way for improved health monitoring and facilitation of personalized therapeutics based on management, analysis, and interpretation of medical data via digital patient twins. The utility and feasibility of digital patient twins in routine medical processes are still limited, despite practical endeavors to create digital twins of physiological functions, single organs, or holistic models. Moreover, reliable simulations for the prediction of individual drug responses are still missing. However, these simulations would be one important milestone for truly personalized therapeutics. Another prerequisite for this would be individualized pharmaceutical manufacturing with subsequent obstacles, such as low automation, scalability, and therefore high costs. Additionally, regulatory challenges must be met thus calling for more digitalization in this area. Therefore, this narrative mini-review provides a discussion on the potentials and limitations of digital patient twins, focusing on their potential bridging function for personalized therapeutics and an individualized pharmaceutical manufacturing while also looking at the regulatory impacts.

Exploring the Impact of Electromagnetic and Optical Radiation on Physical and Biological Objects and Artifact Reduction using Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction

Exploring the Impact of Electromagnetic and Optical Radiation on Physical and Biological Objects and Artifact Reduction using Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction

Bilješke o lekarstvu sa juga provincije Dalmacije - svjedočanstva sa istočne obale Jadrana i njegovog zaleđa

This paper presents testimonies of ancient medical practices in the southern part of the province of Dalmatia. Epigraphic records and archaeological discoveries reveal the presence of physicians and their healthcare practices among the population of southern Dalmatia during Roman rule. Evidence from inscriptions that detail patient care from that era, alongside a limited number of physical artefacts related to medical practice, supports the existence of this tradition. These discoveries hold great historical significance, providing clearer insight and understanding of medical practices in ancient southern Dalmatia.

Oduduwa: Through the Eyes of a Wood Carver

History is the chronological and integrated account of relationship between man, event, person, time and places. The Yoruba history has long been at the mercy of the West due to the disinterest of the Yoruba people in the preservation and propagation of their Tradition, Culture and Religion. This has led to the publication of volumes of misinterpretations, flawed and shallow analysis of Yoruba religion for which the Yoruba could only be grateful. Oduduwa is one of the most important Yoruba Progenitor in the history of the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria. He was a powerful leader under whom the nucleus of the Yoruba race migrated into this land from their original home in Ile-Ife. He was a man of great leadership skills, understanding and repute. He is one of the most discussed Yoruba Deity with different point of view because various scholars have not come to a conclusion of who he was. Unfortunately, from our oral Yoruba traditional history there is no descriptive analysis of how Oduduwa looked like but, however, a sculptor in person of Lamidi Fakeye, a traditional wood carver, carried out a commissioned work of Oduduwa in wood carving, describing what he looks like through a story which surrounds the creation of the world. The paper intends to discuss the life of Oduduwa and a conceptual analysis of the wood carving executed in his form. The background data for this paper came largely from textbooks, articles, field work, documentation, archival records, and observation of physical artefacts.

Leadership Management Of The Chairman Foundation Coordinating Education Unit Management

Problem: The governance of the education unit under the auspices of the foundation is not coordinated measurably in terms of milestones. Purpose: This paper provides direction for the leadership management strategy of the foundation’s chairman in coordinating the management of educational units. Methods: Collection of data and information using observation, direct interviews, the Delpy method, documentation, and physical artifacts. Inductive, process, and goal-oriented Result: the head of the foundation carries out a transformative leadership management strategy coordinating with the management strategy, and coordinating with the educational unit. The pattern of transformative leadership as a strategy for adapting a harmonious and productive democratic leadership model in mobilizing school principals and teachers to the demands of changes in the management information and technology-based education units, as well as student-oriented leadership strategy that emphasizes the quality of management of educational units under the foundation’s internal supervision, governance of quality-oriented foundations in educational units, developing the quality of teaching and educational staff resources, developing facilities and infrastructure, involving parent of students and benchmarking in educational unit at the same level.