Physical Activity-related Energy Expenditure Research Articles

The influence of Mediterranean diet and physical activity-related energy expenditure on weight status and cardiometabolic risk. What "weights" more? The HERMEX study.

In this cross-sectional study, we explored the influence of Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and physical activity-related energy expenditure on weight status and cardiometabolic risk in a large sample of 2.833 young, middle-aged and older adults. A food frequency questionnaire was employed, and MD Score to assess MD adherence. Physical activity-related energy expenditure was reported through the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Anthropometry, blood pressure, lipid and glycaemic markers were measured. Most of the participants were overweight or obese and had a medium-high MD adherence. The obesity group showed lower energy expenditure and a greater clustered cardiometabolic risk. Overweight and obese had a greater clustered cardiometabolic risk compared to the high MD adherence and normo-weight. Obese showed the greatest clustered cardiometabolic risk with independence of MD adherence. Increasing energy expenditure through physical activity better than restrictive diets might be one of the key components for reducing cardiometabolic risk among obese people.

Association of Physical Activity Level With Risk of Dementia in a Nationwide Cohort in Korea

Current guidelines recommend 500 to 999 metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week (MET-min/wk) of regular physical activity. However, evidence regarding the association between light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and dementia in older adults is inconsistent. To assess the association between physical activity and new-onset dementia, focusing on the dose-response association between physical activity and dementia and the association of LPA with the incidence of dementia. For this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 62 286 participants aged 65 years or older without preexisting dementia who had available health checkup data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from January 2009 to December 2012. Participants were followed up until December 31, 2013, and data analysis was performed from July 2020 to January 2021. Physical activity level was assessed using a standardized, self-reported questionnaire at baseline. Physical activity-related energy expenditure (in MET-min/wk) was calculated by summing the product of frequency, intensity, and duration. Incidence of dementia. Incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of events by the person-time at risk (presented as the incidence per 1000 person-years). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for dementia were analyzed according to physical activity level. Competing risk regression was performed by using the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model, with mortality as the competing risk for dementia events. Multivariable regression models were constructed with adjustment for various patient characteristics. Incident dementia occurring 2 years after enrollment was assessed, and separate analyses included all follow-up periods. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to examine the association of continuous values of physical activity with dementia. Among 62 286 participants, 60.4% were women, and the mean (SD) age was 73.2 (5.3) years. During a median follow-up of 42 months, 3757 participants (6.0%) developed dementia, and the overall incidence was 21.6 per 1000 person-years. Compared with inactive individuals (0 MET-min/wk), insufficiently active (1-499 MET-min/wk; mean, 284 MET-min/wk), active (500-999 MET-min/wk; mean, 675 MET-min/wk), and highly active participants (≥1000 MET-min/wk; mean, 1627 MET-min/wk) showed 10% (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99), 20% (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92), and 28% (adjusted HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.83) reduced dementia risk, respectively. Thus, a progressive decrease in the adjusted HR of dementia was associated with increasing physical activity level, and a restricted cubic spline curve showed that this association started with a low amount of total physical activity. This association was consistent regardless of age, sex, and other comorbidities or after censoring for stroke. Compared with total sedentary behavior, even a low amount of LPA (1-299 MET-min/wk; mean, 189 MET-min/wk) was associated with reduced dementia risk (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-0.99). In older adults, an increased physical activity level, including a low amount of LPA, was associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Promotion of LPA might reduce the risk of dementia in older adults.

Effect of endurance training on copper, zinc, iron and magnesium status.

Physical activity related energy expenditure, environmental stresses, body composition, dietary intake, etc., are key factors influencing the nutritional requirements of minerals. The present study was designed to study the nutritional status of metals with respect to extensive endurance training. The participants of the study were navy sailors (N.=37, mean age±SD: 25.2±4.8 y) undergoing one month of endurance training. Nutritional status was assessed by determining their body composition using bioelectrical impedance (BIA), food intake and urinary excretion levels. Fasting blood samples were taken to separate plasma and red blood cells for analysis of copper, zinc, magnesium and iron and certain metal dependent enzymatic biomarkers. Endurance training significantly decreased the plasma levels of copper (P<0.01), zinc and iron (P<0.05) while in erythrocytes a significant (P<0.001) decrease was observed only for Mg and Zn. There was a concomitant increase (P<0.05) in urinary Zn excretion. In addition, the concentrations of certain metal dependent enzymatic biomarkers like RBC metallothionein (P<0.05) and carbonic anhydrase (P<0.01) (Zn biomarker), plasma ferritin (Fe biomarker) (P<0.001) and RBC Mg ATPase (Mg biomarker) (P<0.05) decreased after physical activity. The findings of the present study suggested the increased requirements of these minerals during physical activity.

Perspective of an Appropriate Amount of Energy Intake and Actual Meal for the Diabetic and/or Obesity

Adequate nutritional therapy and research have been crucial for diabetes and obesity. Recent topics include Calorie restriction (CR) and Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD). It is rather difficult to calculate energy intake in person, and also to calculate the energy of the meal. There are some methods for investigating these factors, such as the total energy expenditure (TEE), physical-activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE), metabolic equivalent (MET) values, and the doubly-labeled water (DLW) method. Multi factors would be involved in the study. Further investigation would be expected for the determination of an appropriate amount of energy intake and meal energy in the future.

Validity Of Combined Heart Rate And Accelerometry To Predict Activity Energy Expenditure In Older Adults

PURPOSE: The present study compared physical activity related energy expenditure (PAEE) as predicted by group calibrated algorithm combining accelerometry and heart rate. METHODS: N=45 older adults with and without cardiac risk performed a protocol consisting of simulated daily living activities (resting period, light, moderate and vigorous physical activity including walking in different speeds and stair climbing) and a cycle ergometer test (25W + 25W every 2 minutes). PAEE was concurrently assessed by indirect calorimetry (IC) and by combined heart rate (HR) plus uniaxial accelerometry (ACC). Raw HR and ACC data were transformed to PAEE using a published branched equation model. Estimated and measured PAEE were compared using Bland-Altman plots. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Preliminary results of n=12 healthy older adults without cardiac risk (8 male and 4 female, 71.9 ± 5.2 years) showed lower ACC+HR-estimated PAEE for clustered activities (including cycle ergometer test) and resting period (clustered activities 2.17 ± 1.17 Kcal/min; resting period 0.19 ± 0.17 Kcal/min) than PAEE measured by IC (clustered activities 2.93 ± 1.27 Kcal/min; resting period 0.61 ± 0.40 Kcal/min). The Bland & Altman plots' limits of agreement were between -2.28 and +0.94 kcal/min. Visual inspection showed that the dispersion of the absolute differences between ACC+HR and IC seemed to increase with higher measured values. The correlation between combined ACC+HR-PAEE and IC-PAEE was rρ = 0.86. CONCLUSION: First results indicate that branched equation models based on combined ACC+HR registrations may underestimate PAEE in older people but appear sufficiently valid for the assessment of mean PAEE in groups. If the relatively large limits of agreement were to persist throughout this ongoing study, they would indicate a limited validity of existing ACC+HR branched equations for the individual assessment of PAEE in older adults. More research is needed to determine whether combined ACC+HR assessments are superior to simple ACC to measure physical activity in older adults.

The effect of web-based educational intervention on physical activity-related energy expenditure among middle-aged women with overweight and obesity: An application of social cognitive theory

IntroductionObesity and being overweight are serious health problems worldwide. One of the most effective strategies for controlling and treating obesity is physical activity (PA), which unfortunately is not performed desirably by people. The present study aims to determine the effectiveness of web-based educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity-related energy expenditure among women with overweight and obesity. MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 91 middle-aged women with overweight and obesity (47 in the intervention and 44 in the control group). The intervention group received theory-based training through the web. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of demographic, SCT constructs and a seven-day standard PA inventory in three stages (before, two-weeks and three-months after training). Data were analyzed by SPSS software v.22. ResultsAfter intervention, the differences between the two groups in terms of SCT constructs were statistically significant as follows: knowledge (P = 0.012), self-regulation (P = 0.001), self-efficacy (P = 0.013), social-support from friends (P = 0.002) and family (P = 0.001) except for the outcome-expectation (P = 0.663). The level of energy expenditure from PA in the intervention group had a significant increase during the study (P = 0.005), while the control group was significantly decreased (P = 0.024). ConclusionThe findings of this study showed the effectiveness of the web and theory-based intervention in increasing awareness, promoting the major constructs of SCT and, finally, improving the PA behavior in women with overweight and obesity. The experience of this study showed that e-learning could be welcomed by these people and encouraged them to engage in PA.

1272Physical activity and mortality with and without cardiovascular disease

Abstract Background/Introduction Physical activity has been shown to reduce mortality in a dose-response fashion. Current guidelines recommend 500 to 1,000 MET-min per week of regular physical activity. However, evidence is limited regarding the specific dose-response relationship in patients with cardiovascular disease. Purpose Our aim was to compare the impact of physical activity on mortality in primary versus secondary cardiovascular prevention. Methods We analyzed 441,798 individuals with complete information on physical activity levels between 2009 and 2015 were extracted from a population-based cohort (National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening cohort). Physical activity measured by self-report questionnaires. A rating of 2.9, 4.0, and 7.0 METs were assigned for light-intensity, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity activities, respectively. Physical activity-related energy expenditure (MET-min/week) was calculated by summing the product of frequency, intensity, and duration. The level of physical activity was classified into 0, 0 to 499, 500 to 999, 1,000 to 1,499, and ≥1,500 MET-min/week. Study participants were stratified by the presence of cardiovascular disease, defined as prior myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, prior stroke, and/or chronic heart failure. The main study outcome was all-cause mortality. The median follow-up duration was 5.9 years. Results Individuals with cardiovascular disease had lower physical activity levels and a higher risk of mortality than those without cardiovascular disease. There was an inverse relationship between the physical activity level and the mortality risk in both groups. The benefit in the secondary prevention group was shown to be greater than that in the primary prevention group: every 500 MET-min/week increase in physical activity resulted in a 14% and 7% risk reduction in mortality in the secondary and primary prevention groups, respectively (interaction P&lt;0.001). In addition, while individuals without cardiovascular disease benefited the most between 0 and 500 MET-min/week of physical activity, the benefit in those with cardiovascular disease continued above 500 to 1,000 MET-min/week. The adjusted mortality risk of individuals with cardiovascular disease who performed a high level of physical activity (≥1,000 MET-min/week) was shown to be comparable to or lower than that of their counterparts without cardiovascular disease. Adjusted risk of mortality Conclusion Individuals with cardiovascular disease may benefit from physical activity to a greater extent than do healthy subjects without cardiovascular disease. Clinicians should encourage patients with cardiovascular disease to maintain a physically active lifestyle as much as possible.

Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mortality in people with non-communicable diseases: a study protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

IntroductionThis study protocol outlines our planned systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of postdiagnosis physical activity and mortality in people with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Methods and analysisThis study is based on the...

Predictors of physical activity-related energy expenditure among overweight and obese middle-aged women in south of Iran: An application of social cognitive theory

AimsThis study aimed to determine the predictors of physical activity (PA) behavior in obese and overweight women in Borazjan district, south of Iran based on social cognitive theory (SCT). MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 398 obese or overweight middle-aged women referring to comprehensive health centers in Borazjan city. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version-22 and descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. ResultsBased on Pearson correlation analysis, the constructs of SCT including self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome-expectations and perceived social-support from family and friends were related to physical activity behavior and energy expenditure. The multiple regression model showed self-efficacy and self-regulation were the most important predictors of PA behavior (R2 = 0.217). Self-efficacy predicted PA behavior in both obese and overweight women and self-regulation in obese women and perceived social-support from friends in overweight women, also was predictors. ConclusionConsidering the results of the study that showed differences in predictive constructs of PA between two groups of overweight and obese women, it can be used to design and develop educational interventions to encourage overweight and obese women to do more PA and enhance their health status throughout a more active lifestyle.

Development of a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Walking in Patients with Mild Ischemic Stroke

Purpose:This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy questionnaire, which particularly focuses on walking in patients with mild ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Methods:We enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack who scored 0-2 on the modified Rankin Scale. The process of development of questionnaire on self-efficacy for walking with 7 items (SEW-7) was composed of 3 steps: (1) item generation; (2) item reduction; and (3) testing the final version. The measurement properties were assessed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Results:A total of 168 patients (mean age 69.4 ± 10.1 years) were enrolled for testing the questionnaire on SEW-7. The total score of the SEW-7 ranged from 7 to 35 points. Internal consistency was acceptable with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .93. Test-retest reliability was good with intraclass correlation coefficient of .83 (95% confidence interval: .67-.91). The smallest detectable changes at individual and group levels were 8.0 and 1.5, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed a single factor explaining 71.8% of the total variance. The SEW-7 questionnaire showed moderate to strong correlation with physical activity parameters (step counts: r = .596, P < .001; physical activity-related energy expenditure: r = .615, P < .001; low-intensity physical activity: r = .449, P < .001; moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity: r = .581, P < .001). Conclusions:We propose a simple self-report questionnaire for walking, with 7 items. The SEW-7 has adequate measurement properties and may serve as a time-saving tool for promoting physical activity in mild ischemic stroke patients.

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure.

[Purpose]The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity.[Methods]The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease.[Results]Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity-related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence.[Conclusion]In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.

Impact of primary care-initiated interventions promoting physical activity on body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity, overweight and for a number of chronic diseases. Although primary care may be an ideal setting to encourage people to do more exercise, there are still significant gaps in the literature on the effectiveness of primary care-initiated policies to promote physical activity. In this paper, we systematically review and meta-analyse the evidence on the impact of primary care-initiated interventions to promote exercise on the body mass index and on physical activity energy expenditure levels among people at an increased risk of having potentially disabling non-communicable diseases (but healthy enough to exercise). We find that such interventions reduce body mass index by about 0.21kgm-2 (95% confidence interval: -0.41 to -0.01) and increase physical activity-related energy expenditure (based mostly on self-recall) by about 1.77 metabolic equivalent of task-hours a week (95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 2.95). This study suggests that primary care-initiated interventions promoting physical activity can be an effective strategy to reduce weight and increase exercise levels in this population group, although the question remains about whether such interventions can be cost-effective.

Low Energy Turnover of Physically Inactive Participants as a Determinant of Insufficient Mineral and Vitamin Intake in NHANES.

Micronutrient requirements do not scale linearly with physical activity-related energy expenditure (AEE). Inactive persons may have insufficient micronutrient intake because of low energy intake (EI). We extracted data from NHANES 2003–2006 on 4015 adults (53 ± 18 years (mean ± SD), 29 ± 6 kg/m2, 48% women) with valid physical activity (accelerometry) and food intake (2 × 24 h-dietary recall) measures. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated by summing the basal metabolic rate (BMR, Harris-Benedict), AEE, and 10% of TEE for the thermic effect of food, to calculate the physical activity levels (PAL = TEE/BMR). Energy intake (EI) was scaled to match TEE assuming energy balance. Adjusted food intake was then analyzed for energy and micronutrient content and compared to estimated average requirements. The NHANES population was physically insufficiently active. There were 2440 inactive (PAL < 1.4), 1469 lightly to moderately active (PAL1.4 < 1.7), 94 sufficiently active (PAL1.7 < 2.0), and 12 very active participants (PAL ≥ 2.0). The inactive vs. active had significantly lower intake for all micronutrients apart from vitamin A, B12, C, K, and copper (p < 0.05). The inactive participants had insufficient intake for 6/19 micronutrients, while the active participants had insufficient intake for 5/19 (p < 0.05) micronutrients. Multiple linear regression indicated a lower risk for insufficient micronutrient intake for participants with higher PAL and BMI (p < 0.001). Symmetrical up-scaling of PAL and EI to recommended physical activity levels reduced the frequency of micronutrient insufficiencies. It follows that prevalence of insufficient micronutrient intake from food in NHANES might be partly determined by low energy turnover from insufficient PAL.

Text Messaging for Exercise Promotion in Older Adults From an Upper-Middle-Income Country: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundMobile technology to promote exercise is effective; however, most evidence is from studies of younger groups in high-income countries. Investigating if short message service (SMS) texting can affect exercise participation in older adults from an upper-middle-income country is important considering the proliferation of mobile phones in developing regions and the increased interest of older adults in using mobile phones.ObjectiveThe main objective was to examine the short- and long-term effects of SMS text messaging on exercise frequency in older adults. Secondary objectives were to investigate how SMS text messages impact study participants’ exercise frequency and the effects of the intervention on secondary outcomes.MethodsThe Malaysian Physical Activity for Health Study (myPAtHS) was a 24-week, 2-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted in urban Malaysia. Participants were recruited via health talks in resident associations and religious facilities. Older Malaysians (aged 55-70 years) who used mobile phones and did not exercise regularly were eligible to participate in the study. Participants randomly allocated to the SMS texting arm received an exercise booklet and 5 weekly SMS text messages over 12 weeks. The content of the SMS text messages was derived from effective behavior change techniques. The non-SMS texting arm participants received only the exercise booklet. Home visits were conducted to collect outcome data: (1) exercise frequency at 12 and 24 weeks, (2) secondary outcome data (exercise self-efficacy, physical activity–related energy expenditure, sitting time, body mass index, grip and leg strength) at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. Intention-to-treat procedures were applied for data analysis. Semistructured interviews focusing primarily on the SMS text messages and their impact on exercise frequency were conducted at weeks 12 and 24.ResultsIn total, 43 participants were randomized into the SMS texting arm (n=22) and the non-SMS texting arm (n=21). Study-unrelated injuries forced 4 participants to discontinue after a few weeks (they were not included in any analyses). Overall retention was 86% (37/43). After 12 weeks, SMS texting arm participants exercised significantly more than non-SMS texting arm participants (mean difference 1.21 times, bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap [BCa] 95% CI 0.18-2.24). Interview analysis revealed that the SMS text messages positively influenced SMS texting arm participants who experienced exercise barriers. They described the SMS text messages as being encouraging, a push, and a reminder. After 24 weeks, there was no significant difference between the research arms (mean difference 0.74, BCa 95% CI –0.30 to 1.76). There were no significant effects for secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that SMS text messaging is effective in promoting exercise in older adults from an upper-middle-income country. Although the effects were not maintained when SMS text messaging ceased, the results are promising and warrant more research on behavioral mobile health interventions in other regions.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02123342; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02123342 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6eGSsu2EI).

The relationship between isometric trunk muscle endurance and physical activity related energy expenditure in healthy young adults.

Despite the popularity of core stabilization, there is limited evidence as to the relationship between performance on tests of isometric trunk muscle endurance and physical activity levels in adults. To investigate the relationship between isometric trunk muscle endurance and physical activity related energy expenditure in healthy young adults. A total of 51 participants (24 female) participated in the study. Median age and body mass index were; 22 years (Min-max: 18-26 years) and 21.8 kg/m2 (Min-Max: 18.59-28.98 kg/m2), respectively. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Isometric trunk muscle endurance was assessed with holding times of isometric trunk flexor, extensor, and lateral side bridge tests. Collected data were summarized based on median and interquartile ranges. The Spearman's correlation test was used to ascertain the relationship between isometric trunk muscle endurance and physical activity related energy expenditure. There were no gender differences in holding times of the trunk flexor and trunk extensor endurance tests (p> 0.05). Males showed higher endurance scores for side bridge test than females (p< 0.001). No difference was found in physical activity related energy expenditure between males and females. No correlation was observed between isometric trunk muscle endurance and physical activity related energy expenditure for either females or males (p> 0.05). According to our findings, trunk muscle endurance is not related to physical activity related energy expenditure in healthy young adults.

More severe parkinsonism is associated with lower physical activity-related energy expenditure in PD (P7.289)

More severe parkinsonism is associated with lower physical activity-related energy expenditure in PD (P7.289)

Profile of energy expenditure in people with rheumatoid arthritis

BackgroundNo definitive conclusions have been made on the levels of physical activity in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population. Similarly no clear consensus has been reached on the correlates and predictors of physical activity in the population. ObjectiveTo profile total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity related energy expenditure (PAEE) levels using a validated objective measurement tool and to determine demographic and health related factors which influence and predict TEE and PAEE levels in individuals with RA. MethodsFifty nine (41 female, 18 male) individuals with RA were recruited to this cross sectional study. Energy expenditure was measured over seven days using SenseWear Armband. Correlational analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between demographic and health related factors and TEE, REE and PAEE. ResultsA profile of energy expenditure in RA individuals was developed in terms of levels, differences between genders and differences between weekdays and weekend days. Median TEE, PAEE and REE were 2204.0, 409.5 and 1506.2 kcal/day respectively. Energy expenditure was associated with factors such as gender, age, body mass index, employment status, disease severity and smoking. ConclusionThe findings add to the growing research assessing energy expenditure in the RA population and strengthen the position due to the use of an objective validated tool. Some recommendations on what factors are associated with energy expenditure in the RA population are made, thus unveiling ways to tailor physical activity type interventions in this group.

Physical activity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Physical activity is an important parameter in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but has not been studied in detail in patients with interstitial lung disease. This study aimed to evaluate physical activity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Physical activity was monitored in 31 stable IPF patients using an accelerometer for 1 month. The following factors reflecting physical activity were measured: the number of steps, walking distance, the time spent at magnitude of movement (MM) 1-6, physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE) and total energy expenditure. We also measured the following clinical parameters: the modified Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), pulmonary function parameters, 6-min walk test (6MWT) results and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of the chest. We determined the relationship between these parameters and physical activity. We recorded 24 days of physical activity data. The time spent at MM < 1 was more than 10 h per day, whereas that at MM > 1 was approximately 1 h per day. The modified MRC scale, serum KL-6 levels, 6MWT distance, and the extent of honeycomb and reticular abnormality on HRCT were associated with several facets of physical activity. In particular, lower KL-6 levels were correlated with higher physical activity based on the number of steps, walking distance, the time spent at MM 1-4 and PAEE. The modified MRC scale, 6MWT distance, extent of fibrosis on HRCT and serum KL-6 levels are strongly associated with physical activity.

健常高齢者の歩数と身体活動関連エネルギー消費量に影響を与える因子の検討

健常高齢者の歩数と身体活動関連エネルギー消費量に影響を与える因子の検討

Activity-Related Energy Expenditure in Older Adults

The purposes of this article were to 1) provide an overview of the science of physical activity-related energy expenditure in older adults (≥65 yr), 2) offer suggestions for future research and guidelines for how scientists should be reporting their results in this area, and 3) present strategies for making these data more accessible to the layperson. This article was meant to serve as a preliminary blueprint for future empirical work in the area of energy expenditure in older adults and translational efforts to make these data useful and accurate for older adults. This document was based upon deliberations of experts involved in the Strategic Health Initiative on Aging Committee of the American College of Sports Medicine. The article was designed to reach a broad audience who might not be familiar with the complexities of assessing energy expenditure, especially in older adults.