Physical Activity Preferences Research Articles

A Systematic Review of Data Collection Techniques Used to Measure Preschool Children's Knowledge of and Preference for Physical Activity.

Background: Early childhood has been identified as a crucial period in which children develop physical activity preferences and behaviors. Both the knowledge of and preferences for physical activity are key proximal indicators of activity choices in children. Thus, accurate data collection tools are required to measure these variables. This review evaluates the data collection techniques that have been utilised to assess preschool children’s knowledge of and preference for physical activity, and examines the validity and reliability of existing techniques. Methods: A systematic search for relevant studies published from 1980 through to December 2017 was conducted via ProQuest, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, ERIC, PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Results: Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. The identified studies employed a limited but disparate range of techniques to assess children’s physical activity knowledge and preferences. Findings reveal that four techniques were consistently used across the reviewed studies, including: interviews, structured play-based activities, questionnaires, and observations. Only four out of 14 included studies reported the assessment of the validity of the data collection tool used, and six reported testing the measures for at least one type of reliability. Conclusion: There is a need for validated and reliable measures to assess children’s knowledge of and preference for physical activity. Greater consideration is required to align data collection techniques with the characteristics, needs and abilities of this study population.

초등학생의 체형인식과 운동습관의 관계

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether correctly perceive their body weight and to investigate the relationship between weight perception and exercise behavior in elementary school students. We recruited 200 boys (9.4±0.5 yrs, 137.9±6.3 cm, 37.2±10.3 kg) and 197 girls (9.4±0.5 yrs, 138.1±6.4 cm, 35.6±8.5 kg). They responded to a questionnaire reporting weight perception, exercise participation, physical activity time, physical activity preference. Their weight status(BMI%ile) was categorized as; underweight (5th %ile, UW), normal weight (5th≤ to 85th %ile, NW), and overweight/obese (85th≤ %ile, OW). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0, and Chi-square test and Fisher

Factors associated with physical activity engagement among adults with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Physical activity (PA) has a number of benefits for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, these patients are more physically inactive than the general population. The primary aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with PA engagement among RA patients. The secondary aim was to identify their preference for PA support. There were 96 participants, 76 of whom were female, with a mean age of 56.9years (range=34-72 years) and a median RA disease duration of 5years (interquartile range=2-12). All patients completed questionnaires assessing demographic status, health status (including cardiovascular disease [CVD] risk and RA disease profile), PA levels and preferences, alongside the perceived benefits of-and barriers to-PA. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to assess the relationship between reported PA levels and both engagement determinants and disease features. Forty-five per cent (n=44) had low levels (<600 metabolic equivalent-min/week) of PA. Low level of PA was significantly associated with: CVD risk profile (ηp2 =0.118, p<0.002); functional disability (ηp2 =0.206, p<0.032); pain (ηp2 =0.154, p<0.028); general personal (ηp2 =0.190, p<0.001) and arthritis-specific personal (ηp2 =0.170, p<0.001) barriers to PA; age (ηp2 =0.076, p<0.026); and sedentary behaviour (ηp2 =0.275, p<0.001). Participants displayed a preference for unsupervised (n=37, 38.5%), low-intensity (n=45, 46.9%), indoor home (n=50, 52.1%) exercises, with no preferences for the diversity of the exercise prescribed (n=39, 40.6%) or for who provided the exercise counselling (n=34, 35.4%). These results suggest that CVD profile, disability, pain, and general and arthritis-specific personal barriers are associated with PA levels among RA patients. Intervention development should address these factors to facilitate an increase in PA uptake.

Youth leisure-time physical activity from the perspectives of young adults with visual impairments

The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning that young adults with visual impairments ascribe to their youth leisure-time physical activity experiences. This study adopted an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research approach. Ten participants (aged 21-34 years; eight women, two men) with visual impairments were included in this study. Semi-structured, audio-taped telephone interviews acted as the primary source of data for this study. Data were analyzed thematically using a four-step process informed by IPA and three interrelated themes were constructed: (a) “I just always felt normal when I was doing them”: Preferences for unstructured activities, (b) “They didn’t baby me”: Importance of supportive parents, and (c) ““They didn’t know how to deal with my disability”: Comparing stakeholders in integrated versus self-contained sport”. The participants described a strong preference for unstructured physical activities and reported that support from parents was critical in allowing them to enjoy physical activities during youth.

Identification of Potential Type II Diabetes in a Chinese Population with a Sensitive Decision Tree Approach.

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a steadfast increase in prevalence. Due to the chronic course of the disease combining with devastating complications, this disorder could easily carry a financial burden. The early diagnosis of diabetes remains as one of the major challenges medical providers are facing, and the satisfactory screening tools or methods are still required, especially a population- or community-based tool. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 15,323 subjects who underwent the annual check-up in the Department of Family Medicine of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to June 2017. With a strict data filtration, 10,436 records from the eligible participants were utilized to develop a prediction model using the J48 decision tree algorithm. Nine variables, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease or stroke, family history of diabetes, physical activity, work-related stress, and salty food preference, were considered. Results The accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value for identifying potential diabetes were 94.2%, 94.0%, 94.2%, and 94.8%, respectively. The structure of the decision tree shows that age is the most significant feature. The decision tree demonstrated that among those participants with age ≤ 49, 5497 participants (97%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic, while age > 49, 771 participants (50%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic. In the subgroup where people were 34 < age ≤ 49 and BMI ≥ 25, when with positive family history of diabetes, 89 (92%) out of 97 individuals were identified as diabetic and, when without family history of diabetes, 576 (58%) of the individuals were identified as nondiabetic. Work-related stress was identified as being associated with diabetes. In individuals with 34 < age ≤ 49 and BMI ≥ 25 and without family history of diabetes, 22 (51%) of the individuals with high work-related stress were identified as nondiabetic while 349 (88%) of the individuals with low or moderate work-related stress were identified as not having diabetes. Conclusions We proposed a classifier based on a decision tree which used nine features of patients which are easily obtained and noninvasive as predictor variables to identify potential incidents of diabetes. The classifier indicates that a decision tree analysis can be successfully applied to screen diabetes, which will support clinical practitioners for rapid diabetes identification. The model provides a means to target the prevention of diabetes which could reduce the burden on the health system through effective case management.

Relationship between preference for physical activity and joint laxity in typically-developing preschool children

Relationship between preference for physical activity and joint laxity in typically-developing preschool children

Changes in Leisure Time Physical Activity Preferences and Hypertension Risk.

Objectives: In this study, we examined the association between changes in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) preference (the extent to which participants liked or disliked certain types of physical activity) and the incidence of hypertension; we also assessed whether the association differed between urban and rural China. Methods: Based on longitudinal data from 2687 Chinese adults between 2004 and 2011, we performed multivariate logistic regressions were to assess the aforementioned association. We conducted stratified analyses to examine the urban-rural differences in this association. Results: The mean age was 40.0 (Standard Deviation = 12.5), and the mean BMI was 23.7 (Standard Deviation = 3.3). Adjusted estimates show that relative to respondents with no changes in LTPA preference, respondents who reduced preference were more likely to develop hypertension (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.13-3.28). This association, however, was statistically significant among urban residents (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.04-4.60), but not rural participants. Conclusions: Changes in LTPA preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences.

Type 2 diabetes and physical activity: barriers and enablers to diabetes control in Eastern India

Abstract Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has tremendous morbidity burden owing to disease management and complication prevention. Behavior modification identified as a key to management includes healthy diet and regular physical activity (PA). This study aims to identify patterns and preferences of PA of T2D patients and explore perceived enablers and barriers for diabetes control in Bhubaneswar. Methods: Cross-sectional, facility-based study conducted in the private sector from June to August 2014 recruited 321 T2D patients using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and associations of PA were computed. Results: Almost two-thirds of patients (59%) were reported performing PA frequently. Majority patients cited walking as the most preferred mode of PA (79%) with 41% performing PA daily. Actual versus perceived weight was a complete mismatch with most patients misjudging their weight. Reasons for enabling PA included ‘controlling diabetes’ and ‘doctor’s advice’ as key factors, while ‘lack of time’ and ‘unwillingness’ were main barriers among inactive patients. Conclusion: Counseling on PA by physicians during routine visits, along with tailored or patient-specific interventions should be considered. Focus on social support for positive behavioral changes and motivation play a central role in diabetes control.

Type 2 Diabetes and physical activity: Barriers and enablers to diabetes control in Eastern India - ERRATUM.

Introduction:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has tremendous morbidity burden owing to disease management and complication prevention. Behavior modification identified as a key to management includes healthy diet and regular physical activity (PA). This study aims to identify patterns and preferences of PA of T2D patients and explore perceived enablers and barriers for diabetes control in Bhubaneswar.Methods:Cross-sectional, facility-based study conducted in the private sector from June to August 2014 recruited 321 T2D patients using semi-structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and associations of PA were computed.Results:Almost two-thirds of patients (59%) were reported performing PA frequently. Majority patients cited walking as the most preferred mode of PA (79%) with 41% performing PA daily. Actual versus perceived weight was a complete mismatch with most patients misjudging their weight. Reasons for enabling PA included ‘controlling diabetes’ and ‘doctor’s advice’ as key factors, while ‘lack of time’ and ‘unwillingness’ were main barriers among inactive patients.Conclusion:Counseling on PA by physicians during routine visits, along with tailored or patient-specific interventions should be considered. Focus on social support for positive behavioral changes and motivation play a central role in diabetes control.

Physical activity levels and preferences of patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in Chile.

In Chilean patients with breast cancer (BC) receiving chemotherapy we aimed to (a) report the levels of physical activity (PA), (b) compare clinical/socio-demographic parameters among patients with different levels of PA, and (c) explore exercise preferences. Patients (n = 112) completed a questionnaire regarding their PA habits, and another questionnaire regarding their preferences for an exercise program. Patients were then divided into three groups based on the exercise guidelines for patients with BC (150min/week of moderate exercise, or 75min/week of vigorous exercise). The groups were (i) not engaging in any moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (ii) engaging in some MVPA, but not meeting the guidelines, and (iii) meeting the guidelines. Clinical/socio-demographic parameters and preferences for exercise were compared between groups. Only 13% of patients with BC met the exercise guidelines. These patients were younger, had been diagnosed more recently, and had fewer children than patients not engaging in MVPA. There were no differences in the preferences for exercise between groups. Overall, patients preferred to exercise with other patients (76%), at moderate intensity (67%), performing different activities (94%), supervised (94%), with a fixed schedule (69%), and to do group activities (90%). Most patients with BC receiving chemotherapy did not meet the exercise guidelines. Patients > 50years old and with > 2 children were the most inactive. Efforts to increase PA levels should focus especially on these patients. The preferences for exercise reported here will help to increase adherence to exercise programs and improve outcomes for these patients in Chile.

"It's like you are in the jungle": Using the draw-and-tell method to explore preschool children's play preferences and factors that shape their active play.

A child's preference for active or sedentary play is a key proximal indicator of a child's physical activity behaviour. There is a need to understand children's physical activity preferences in order to make physical play more enjoyable to them, and this may encourage participation and a more positive relationship with physical activity. To date, little research has incorporated the perspectives of young children on this topic. This study specifically examines (a) what activities preschool children prefer; and (b) what children consider to be barriers and facilitators to participating in their preferred activity. The authors employed visual methodologies to explore the activity preferences of 29 preschool children. Children were asked to draw their preferred activities and answer a series of open and closed questions about their drawing and what they think are the barriers and facilitators to participating in this activity. Participants expressed a desire to play unstructured activities with friends or family, to engage in imaginative, challenging play, as well as the opportunity to have control over the activity they engage in. Children reported that rules at home and at preschool, the availability of toys, friends and family and having access to a natural environment served as both barriers and facilitators to participating in their favourite activity. Listening to children's voices about their play preferences and the barriers and facilitators to engaging in these activities provides important insight into children's play behaviour and the promotion of active play in early childhood. Participants' desire for more natural features within their play environment and for challenging, unstructured and imaginative play may be considered as facilitators of their engagement in physical activity. SO WHAT?: The current findings suggest the incorporation of unstructured playtime within natural environments could support young children's participation in and increased enjoyment of physical activity.

Physical Activity Preferences Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this study was to identify preferences for physical activity among adults aged 65 years and over. A systematic review was conducted. A search strategy without language and date restriction (up until March 31, 2017) was developed for PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. A total of 21 independent primary studies were included in the systematic review. Irrespective of the methodologies used and samples, a majority of older adults prefer to walk and engage in physical activity continuously for about 30min. These findings are mainly generalizable to White females from the United States. Two-thirds of the studies were at high risk of selection bias, which suggests additional caution when interpreting the review findings. Nonetheless, policymakers, community organizations, and healthcare providers should consider walkability in their efforts to promote physical activity in older adults.

Does the physical activity profile change in patients with hip dysplasia from before to 1 year after periacetabular osteotomy?

Background and purpose — Knowledge of physical activity profiles among patients with hip dysplasia is lacking. We investigated whether patients with hip dysplasia change physical activity profile from before to 1 year after periacetabular osteotomy. Furthermore, we investigated associations between change in accelerometer-based physical activity and change in self-reported participation in preferred physical activities (PA).Patients and methods — Physical activity was objectively measured at very low to high intensity levels with accelerometer-based sensors. Subjectively, PA was recorded with Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in 77 patients. Associations between the 2 were analyzed with simple linear regression analyses.Results — Changes in accelerometer-based physical activity ranged from –2.2 to 4.0% points at all intensity levels from baseline to 1-year follow-up. These changes represent very small effect sizes (–0.16 to 0.14). In contrast, self-reported PA showed a statistically and clinically relevant increase of 22 (CI 14–29) HAGOS PA points 1 year post-surgery. Associations between change in accelerometer-based physical activity and change in self-reported PA were, however, not statistically significant and correspond to a percentage change in physical activity of only –0.87% to 0.65% for a change of 10 HAGOS PA points.Interpretation — Patients with hip dysplasia do not seem to change physical activity profile 1 year post-surgery if measured with objective accelerometer-based sensors. This is interesting as self-reported PA indicates that patients’ ability to participate in physical activity increases, suggesting that this increased self-reported participatory capacity is not manifested as increased objectively measured physical activity.

Preferences for physical activity: a conjoint analysis involving people with chronic knee pain

To investigate individual preferences for physical activity (PA) attributes in adults with chronic knee pain, to identify clusters of individuals with similar preferences, and to identify whether individuals in these clusters differ by their demographic and health characteristics. An adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA) was conducted using the Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA) method to determine preference weights representing the relative importance of six PA attributes. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters of participants with similar weights. Chi-square and ANOVA were used to assess differences in individual characteristics by cluster. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between individual characteristics and cluster assignment. The study sample included 146 participants; mean age 65, 72% female, 47% white, non-Hispanic. The six attributes (mean weights in parentheses) are: health benefit (0.26), enjoyment (0.24), convenience (0.16), financial cost (0.13), effort (0.11) and time cost (0.10). Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (n=33): for whom enjoyment (0.35) is twice as important as health benefit; Cluster 2 (n=63): for whom health benefit (0.38) is most important; and Cluster 3 (n=50): for whom cost (0.18), effort (0.18), health benefit (0.17) and enjoyment (0.18) are equally important. Cluster 1 was healthiest, Cluster 2 most self-efficacious, and Cluster 3 was in poorest health. Patients with chronic knee pain have preferences for PA that can be distinguished effectively using ACA methods. Adults with chronic knee pain, clustered by PA preferences, share distinguishing characteristics. Understanding preferences may help clinicians and researchers to better tailor PA interventions.

유아 신체활동량에 따른 기본생활습관과 운동능력의 관계 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean infants’ basic Life Habit and the characteristics of their physical activity and provide basic data to build healthy Life Habits. The subjects of this study were 186 infants aged from 3 to 5 years old who attends nursery schools or kindergarten and their 186 guardians which sums up to total of 372 subjects. For infants, physical activity measurement and motor ability tests were performed in kindergarten using pedometers while for their parents’, surveys on basic Life Habit were conducted. First, the result of analyzing the difference of basic lifestyle in accordance with the amount of physical activity suggested that there was statistically significant difference in the time of waking up and going to bed as well as in the hours of free time and exercise after school. The results showed that children with high physical activity rates showed tendency of getting to sleep early, which relates to the fact that the more physical activity an infant has, the better sleep habits can he or she acquire. Moreover, the infants who had a lot of physical activity comparably had more free time and exercise hours after school which led to their high preference for physical activities. Second, the analysis on the difference of athletic ability in accordance with the amount of physical activity showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the domains of standing long jump and race running. The two activities mentioned corresponds to the technical fitness which suggests that infants with higher physical activities can led out positive influence upon his or her technical fitness. To conclude, this study demonstrates that the rate of physical activity has certain influences on the Life Habits and athletic ability of infants. It is suggested that in order to heighten the physical activity rates by letting children to exercise and play freely, it is high time that we establish a system for activating more variety of physical activities through the hands of the infant education institutions, families and nationwide.

Physical activity among Canadian adults with obstructive respiratory diseases.

The objective of this study was to investigate the amount and modes of physical activity in which adults with obstructive respiratory disease engage. Data from respondents with self-reported asthma (n = 4293), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 3118), both diseases (n = 1569), and neither obstructive respiratory disease (n = 64 175); these data are from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2011-2012). Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between modes of physical activity and type of respiratory disease. Linear regressions were used to investigate the association between daily energy expenditure and respiratory disease. Adults with COPD and both diseases had the lowest participation in all modes of physical activity. Those with both diseases were less likely to report walking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63-0.88), while those with COPD were less likely to report participation in endurance activities (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.92), compared with those with neither obstructive respiratory disease. Those with asthma had similar daily energy expenditure levels and physical activity preferences compared with those with neither obstructive respiratory disease. In conclusion, adults with COPD and both asthma and COPD were less likely to engage in common activities such as walking, while physical activity levels among adults with asthma did not differ from the general population.

Physical activity preferences of 10-year-old children and identified activities with positive and negative associations to cardiorespiratory fitness.

This study investigated children's physical activity (PA) preferences, as these can aid the design of school-based interventions. Data were collected in 2014 as a part of the Active Smarter Kids study and 1026 students (52% boys) from 57 Norwegian primary schools completed a questionnaire about their favourite physical activities at a mean age of 10.2±0.3years. We identified five patterns of PA and studied whether gender, cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity were associated with these patterns. Soccer and slalom skiing were the favourite activities, and the most pronounced gender differences were for activities favoured by girls, which included dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and jumping rope (p<0.001). When the five component patterns were analysed using linear mixed-effect models, this showed a strong female preference for dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and climbing. Cardiovascular fitness was negatively associated with frisbee, dodgeball, baseball and floorball, and positively associated with team handball, volleyball and basketball and with slalom skiing and cross-country skiing. It was interesting that the children's preferences were not related to their abdominal adiposity. The results showed different gender-based PA preferences and positive and negative associations with cardiovascular fitness, but no relationship with abdominal adiposity.

Development and initial validation of the Morningness-Eveningness Exercise Preference Questionnaire (MEEPQ) in Japanese university students.

The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to conveniently assess the diurnal preferences of physical activity (PA) in Japanese university students. A total of 219 subjects completed our novel Morningness-eveningness Exercise Preference Questionnaire (MEEPQ). The MEEPQ consisted of 30 items (15 items for the morning and the same 15 items for the evening) rated on a 5-point Likert scale concerning their preference for participating in PA in the morning and evening. The morning score (MS) and evening score (ES) were determined by summing each of the respective 15 items. The internal consistency and construct validity were assessed, and a factor analysis was conducted. To examine the external validity of the MEEPQ, participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days to measure their PA levels objectively. Finally, the test-retest reliability was evaluated at a one-month interval. The MEEPQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896) and construct validity (morning KMO = 0.913, evening KMO = 0.875). A factor analysis showed a three-factor structure involving Physical Wellness (MEEPQ-W), Psychological Well-Being (MEEPQ-P) and Exercise Barrier (MEEPQ-B). The percent of variance was largest for MEEPQ-W in the morning (45.2%) and MEEPQ-P in the evening (40.8%). Test-retest showed that MEEPQ scores had fair repeatability. Significant and positive associations between scores and objectively measured PA levels were found in the MS and 6–9 AM PA and in the ES and 6–9 PM and 9 PM– 0 AM PA (all p<0.05). In summary, the novel MEEPQ showed relatively good agreement and thus can be used for Japanese university student samples. In the MEEPQ, three factors (the physical wellness, psychological well-being and exercise barrier) contributed to a morning or evening PA preference. The summed scores were significantly associated with the objectively measured PA levels in both the morning and evening. Therefore the MEEPQ appears to be a suitable tool for assessing diurnal PA preferences.

E-Media Use and Preferences for Physical Activity and Public Health Information: Results of a Web-Based Survey.

As social media (eg, Twitter) continues to gain widespread popularity, health research and practice organizations may consider combining it with other electronic media (e-media) channels (eg, Web sites, e-newsletters) within their communication plans. However, little is known about added benefits of using social media when trying to reach public health audiences about physical activity. Learn about current use and preference for e-media communication channels among physical activity researchers and practitioners. A Web-based survey was used, open for responses from August 20, 2015, through January 5, 2016. Survey participation was voluntary and anonymous. The survey was advertised through multiple channels targeting physical activity researchers and practitioners, including announcements on professional listservs and in e-newsletters, Twitter, and posts on Facebook pages of public health organizations. A total of 284 survey respondents had complete data. Typical use of e-media to receive, seek out, and share information about physical activity and health and what appeals to researchers and practitioners for professional use. Most respondents preferred non-social media channels to social media and these preferences did not differ widely when examining subgroups such as researchers versus practitioners or social media users versus nonusers. There were few differences by respondent demographics, though younger respondents reported using social media more than older respondents. However, limiting analyses to respondents who identified as social media users, only about 1% of respondents ranked social media sources as their preferred channels for information; thus, most people would continue to be reached if communication remained largely via non-social media e-media channels. The present study supports growing evidence that careful surveying of a target audience should be undertaken when considering new communication channels, as preference and use may not support the effort required to create and maintain resource-intensive strategies like social media.

The Morning-Evening Variation of Dynamic Balance under Dual Cognitive Task in Morning-Type Elderly Women

Introduction: Age-associated changes in circadian rhythm and chronotype can result in variation in the physical and cognitive performance, and also the time preference for physical and mental activities between older adults and youngsters. The ability to maintain body orientation in elderly requires paying attention, and can be subjected to these age-associated changes leading to a fall. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the morning-evening variations of dynamic balance in morning-type elderly women under dual cognitive task condition. Materials and Methods: Using purposive sampling, 12 women aged 65-80 years were arranged andomly in 3 separated groups. The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was performed under dual and mono cognitive tasks in 3 different days at the sports biomechanics laboratory of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA test was used for data analysis at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Although there was a significant difference (P = 0.001) between the dynamic balance while performing a cognitive task with normal gait, time of the day had no effect on the dynamic balance of elderly women under dual (P = 0.711) and mono (P = 0.221) cognitive tasks. Conclusion: The dynamic balance of women aged 65-80 years without performing a cognitive task does not change throughout a day, but generally, the dual cognitive task annihilates the elderly’s physical performance.