Physical Activity In Daily Life Research Articles

Physical activity affects dysthyreosis by thyroid hormones sensitivity: a population-based study.

Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in human health. However, the relationship between the PA and dysthyreosis was not clear. This study aimed to explore this question. We performed a population-based study on the basis of the participant's information that was collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The association of the thyroid hormone and total PA metabolic equivalent task (MET) were assessed via linear regression analysis with adjusting for different covariates. Moreover, we also used path analysis to explore the causality between PA, thyroid hormone index, and dysthyreosis. The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to explore the non-linear relationship between the thyroid hormone index and the PA total MET. A total of 2118 participants aged≥20, including 969 females and 1149 males, were collected from NHANES. The linear regression with multivariate adjustment suggested a linear relationship between the PA total MET and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI), and Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index (TFQI), respectively. And TFQI and dysthyresis occurrence were significantly correlated (P<0.05). The path analysis showed that the PA total MET affected dysthyreosis occurrence by TFQI. In addition, we found a non-linear relationship between the total PA met and dysthyreosis via restricted cubic spline analysis. PA was significantly correlated with dysthyreosis via thyroid hormone sensitivity. Therefore, it can be considered to prevent the occurrence of dysthyreosis by regulating thyroid hormone sensitivity through PA in daily life.

The pleasure of moving: A compositional data analysis of the association between replacing sedentary time with physical activity on affective valence in daily life

Although the independent within-person association between physical activity and sedentary behaviour with valence in daily life has been extensively studied, few studies have used compositional data analysis to examine how different movement behaviour compositions are related to valence in daily life. This study aimed to examine the within-person association between wake-time movement behaviour compositions with affective valence and the extent to which replacing time spent sedentary with physical activity was associated with valence within individuals in daily life. A 7-day ecological momentary study design was used whereby 94 Canadian university students (Mage = 19.45, SD = 2.21, 78.7 % female) reported on affective valence using an adapted version of the Feeling Scale at 7 randomly timed prompts each day. In addition, activPAL accelerometers were worn continuously by participants on their right thigh for the duration of the study to determine time spent engaging in sedentary behaviours and physical activity. Compositional data analysis with isotemporal substitution models were used to examine the within-person association between movement behaviour compositions and affective valence. The within-person association between movement behaviours and affective valence was weak (r2 = 0.013). Nevertheless, engaging in less sedentary time than usual and instead engaging in physical activity was significantly related to more positive affective valence. Considering light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) separately, replacing time spent sedentary with time engaged in MVPA and LPA both had a significant positive association on affective valence, although the association with MVPA was stronger than the association with LPA. The results provide unique insights into how replacing sedentary time with physical activity in daily life, especially MVPA, may be associated with more feelings of pleasure. These results may be useful to help inform the development of just-in-time adaptive interventions.

Overview of the Treatment Goal, the Method of Evaluating Disease Activity/Physical Function, Activities of Daily Living, and Traditional Care for Systemic or Articular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Japan.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic arthritis of unknown cause that develops in patients younger than 16 years of age and persists for at least 6 weeks. It is an important cause of short- and long-term physical and mental impairments in children. The goal of treatment for JIA is remission. A T2T (treatment-to-target) has been proposed and practiced as a means of achieving remission. The method of evaluating the disease activity of JIA depends on the disease type. For systemic JIA, disease activity is determined by comprehensively considering joint findings, systemic inflammatory findings, changes in inflammatory and synovitis markers, imaging findings, and other factors. For articular JIA other than systemic JIA, the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27) is used to evaluate disease activity. The CHAQ (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire) and the Japanese version of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) are mainly used to assess the physical function and ADL. The CHAQ is a global standard assessment method with the advantage that it can be transitioned to the HAQ used in adults, making it useful for international comparisons. The mRS is used to classify the severity of JIA as a chronic disease, and is an indispensable evaluation method in the specific disease procedure in Japan. It is necessary to have pediatric-specific knowledge of growth and development and routine childhood immunizations and to consider transition support tailored to the patient's situation. Ultimately, the goal is to foster the patient's independence and to provide an uninterrupted follow-up in the adult care department. Continuous follow-up will be provided during the schooling (and later, employment) period, and the relationship with the patient will be tailored to their developmental stage. It is also important to understand and communicate the importance of contraception and the drugs that cannot be used during pregnancy.

The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) Cohort Study: Protocol for a longitudinal repeated measurement burst design study to assess the relationship between sleep determinants and outcomes under real-world conditions across time of year.

The interplay of daily life factors, including mood, physical activity, or light exposure, influences sleep architecture and quality. Laboratory-based studies often isolate these determinants to establish causality, thereby sacrificing ecological validity. Furthermore, little is known about time-of-year changes in sleep and circadian-related variables at high resolution, including the magnitude of individual change across time of year under real-world conditions. The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) cohort study will investigate the combined impact of sleep determinants on individuals' daily sleep episodes to elucidate which waking events modify sleep patterns. A second goal is to describe high-resolution individual sleep and circadian-related changes across the year to understand intra- and inter-individual variability. This study is a prospective cohort study with a measurement-burst design. Healthy adults aged 18-35 years (N = 12) will be enrolled for 12 months. Participants will continuously wear actimeters and pendant-attached light loggers. A subgroup will also measure interstitial fluid glucose levels (six paticipants). Every 4 weeks, all participants will undergo three consecutive measurement days of four ecological momentary assessments each day ('bursts') to sample sleep determinants during wake. Participants will also continuously wear temperature loggers (iButtons) during the bursts. Body weight will be captured before and after the bursts in the laboratory. The bursts will be separated by two at-home electroencephalogram recordings each night. Circadian phase and amplitude will be estimated during the bursts from hair follicles, and habitual melatonin onset will be derived through saliva sampling. Environmental parameters (bedroom temperature, humidity, and air pressure) will be recorded continuously.

Tirzepatide Improved Health-Related Quality of Life Compared with Insulin Lispro in Basal Insulin-Treated Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycaemic Control: A Randomised Controlled Phase 3b Trial (SURPASS-6).

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who require intensification of basal insulin therapy need treatment options that can improve their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and translate into better outcomes. These analyses compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with T2D receiving tirzepatide or insulin lispro. The randomised, open-label, multinational, phase 3b SURPASS-6 trial (NCT04537923) was conducted at 135 medical research centres and hospitals in 15 countries and compared two recommended treatment intensification strategies in people with T2D and inadequate glycaemic control on basal insulin: addition of once-weekly tirzepatide versus addition of prandial insulin lispro. Randomisation was stratified by country, baseline glycated haemoglobin level and metformin use. PROs were measured using the Short Form-36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2) acute form (secondary outcome), EQ-5D-5L, Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living (APPADL) questionnaire and Impact of Weight on Self-Perceptions (IW-SP) questionnaire (tertiary/exploratory outcomes). PROs were compared for the tirzepatide-pooled dose group (5, 10 and 15 mg) and each tirzepatide dose group versus insulin lispro at 52 weeks using the modified intention-to-treat efficacy analysis set. Between 19 October 2020 and 01 November 2022, 2267 people were assessed and 1428 participants with T2D were randomised. At 52weeks, participants in the tirzepatide-pooled group had statistically significant improved scores across all SF-36v2 domains and both component summary scores compared with insulin lispro-treated participants (p < 0.05), with the largest differences observed in the general health, vitality and mental health domains. Statistically significant improved APPADL and IW-SP total scores, as well as EQ visual analogue scale and EQ-5D-5L index scores (after adjustment for baseline scores), were observed in tirzepatide-pooled participants compared with insulin lispro-treated participants. In adult patients with T2D and inadequate glycaemic control with basal insulin, tirzepatide treatment was associated with greater improvements in HRQoL than prandial insulin therapy in addition to clinically significant improvements in glycaemic and body weight-related parameters.

Gerakan Literasi Fisik Anti Malas Bergerak di Sekolah Master Indonesia

The younger generation, as the nation's future, must receive special attention, particularly regarding health. The health development of children and adolescents significantly impacts a country's resilience. One approach to enhancing physical activity in schools is through the concept of physical literacy. Similar to general literacy, physical literacy aims to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of physical activity for health. This concept is intended to be maintained throughout life and significantly influences an individual's participation in physical activities. Consequently, this community service program aims to foster physical literacy, increase awareness of the benefits of physical activity for health, and provide enjoyable physical activity experiences. The program was conducted at the Indonesian Master's School with 32 participants aged 12-15. Activities included the physical literacy assessment by filling out a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, health education, gymnastics, games, providing a poster, and a follow-up plan in the form of health promotion through the digital platform. The results of physical activity assessment and evaluation through pre-test and post-test indicated that participants were aware of the importance of physical activity. Although awareness of physical activity is good among the majority of participants, the application of physical activity in daily life needs to be improved. In fact, Indonesian people tend to engage in low levels of physical activity, which can lead to increased rates of obesity as well as the risk of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Eteplirsen Treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Qualitative Patient Experience Study.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by rapid functional decline. Current available treatment options aim to delay disease progression or stabilize physical function. To aid in healthcare providers' understanding of the symptoms of disease that impact patients' experience, this study explored children's physical functioning, activities of daily living (ADLs), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after receiving eteplirsen, a weekly infusion indicated for individuals with DMD with exon51 skip-amenable mutations. Fifteen caregivers of male individuals with DMD participated in a 60-min, semi-structured interview. Open-ended questioning explored changes in the children's condition or maintenance in abilities since eteplirsen initiation. Children with DMD (age 7-15years [mean 10.9]; steroid treatment at interview, n = 8; time since eteplirsen initiation 3-24months [mean 14.9]) were described by caregivers as ambulatory (n = 9) and non-ambulatory (n = 6). Caregivers of ambulatory children reported improvements or maintenance of walking ability (n = 7/9), running (n = 6/9), and using stairs (n = 4/9). Continued decline in using stairs was reported by two caregivers. In upper-limb functioning, improvements or maintenances in fine-motor movements were reported by nearly half of all caregivers (n = 7/15), with one caregiver noting a continued decline. Subsequent improvements or maintenances in ADLs were described. Improvements or maintenances in fatigue (n = 9/15), muscle weakness (n = 7/15), and pain (n = 6/15) were reported, although some caregivers described a continued decline (n = 3/15 fatigue, n = 1/15 muscle weakness, n = 2/15 pain). Importantly, most caregivers who reported maintenances in ability perceived this as a positive outcome (n = 6/9). This exploratory study indicated that most caregivers perceived improvements or maintenances in aspects of their child's physical functioning, ADLs, and HRQoL since eteplirsen initiation, which they perceived to be a positive outcome.

Sedentary behaviour may cause differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living in older cardiovascular disease patients participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation

This study aimed to investigate the rate of sedentary behaviour and differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living (ADL) based on sedentary behaviour time of hospitalized older cardiovascular disease patients undergoing phase I cardiac rehabilitation. Older cardiovascular disease patients were enrolled from October 2020 to September 2023 and were divided into the high sedentary behaviour group (≥ 480 min/day) and low sedentary behaviour group (< 480 min/day). Patients’ clinical characteristics, usual gait speed, and Five Times Sit to Stand Test time were compared as indices of physical outcomes. Motor, cognitive, and total Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were used as indices of ADL and compared between groups using analysis of covariance. Final analysis included 402 patients (mean age: 76.7 years, female: 35.3%). The high sedentary behaviour group included 48.5% of the study patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, gait speed (0.80 ± 0.27 vs. 0.96 ± 0.23 m/s, p < 0.001) was lower and FTSST time (11.31 ± 4.19 vs. 9.39 ± 3.11 s, p < 0.001) was higher in the high sedentary behaviour group versus low sedentary behaviour group. Motor (85.82 ± 8.82 vs. 88.09 ± 5.04 points, p < 0.001), cognitive (33.32 ± 2.93 vs. 34.04 ± 2.24 points, p < 0.001), and total FIM scores (119.13 ± 10.66 vs. 122.02 ± 6.30 points, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the high sedentary behaviour group versus low sedentary behaviour group after adjustment. In older cardiovascular disease patients in phase I cardiac rehabilitation, sedentary behaviour time might influence physical outcomes and ADL at discharge. It is thus important to consider the amount of sedentary behaviour time spent by these patients during daily life while hospitalized.

Digital Behavior Change Intervention Designs for Habit Formation: Systematic Review.

With the development of emerging technologies, digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) help to maintain regular physical activity in daily life. To comprehensively understand the design implementations of habit formation techniques in current DBCIs, a systematic review was conducted to investigate the implementations of behavior change techniques, types of habit formation techniques, and design strategies in current DBCIs. The process of this review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A total of 4 databases were systematically searched from 2012 to 2022, which included Web of Science, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies that used digital tools for physical activity, examined behavior change intervention techniques, and were written in English. A total of 41 identified research articles were included in this review. The results show that the most applied behavior change techniques were the self-monitoring of behavior, goal setting, and prompts and cues. Moreover, habit formation techniques were identified and developed based on intentions, cues, and positive reinforcement. Commonly used methods included automatic monitoring, descriptive feedback, general guidelines, self-set goals, time-based cues, and virtual rewards. A total of 32 commonly design strategies of habit formation techniques were summarized and mapped to the proposed conceptual framework, which was categorized into target-mediated (generalization and personalization) and technology-mediated interactions (explicitness and implicitness). Most of the existing studies use the explicit interaction, aligning with the personalized habit formation techniques in the design strategies of DBCIs. However, implicit interaction design strategies are lacking in the reviewed studies. The proposed conceptual framework and potential solutions can serve as guidelines for designing strategies aimed at habit formation within DBCIs.

DASC-21 score and the risk of in-hospital death in elderly patients with heart failure.

We investigated whether the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System-21 Items (DASC-21), a questionnaire that assesses cognitive function, including activities of daily living (ADL), was predictive of in-hospital death and prolonged hospital stay in elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure. We retrospectively assessed the DASC-21 score at the time of admission, in-hospital death, length of hospital stay, and change in the Barthel index in 399 patients hospitalized for heart failure between 2016 and 2019. The mean patient age was 85.8 ± 7.7 years (61.3% women). The median DASC-21 score was 38 (64.7% higher than 31). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a higher DASC-21 score was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR] = 1.045 per 1 point increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010-1.081, P = 0.012), even after adjusting for confounding factors, including atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Difficulties (3 or 4) with the self-management of medication in instrumental ADL inside the home (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.05-10.28, P = 0.042), toileting (OR = 3.66, 95% CI: 1.19-11.29, P = 0.024), grooming (OR = 6.47, 95% CI: 2.00-20.96, P = 0.002), eating (OR = 7.96, 95% CI: 2.49-25.45, P < 0.001), and mobility in physical ADL (OR = 5.99, 95% CI: 1.85-19.35, P = 0.003) were identified as risk factors for in-hospital death. Patients in the highest tertile of the DASC-21 score had a significantly longer hospital stay (P = 0.006) and a greater reduction in the Barthel index (P < 0.001). In elderly patients hospitalized for heart failure, higher DASC-21 scores were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, prolonged hospital stay, and impaired ADL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 546-553.

Abstract PO5-11-07: Short- and long-term treatment-related effects on physical health in breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background. Breast cancer (BC) survivors experience greater physical health declines compared to cancer-free women of the same age, which is thought to be caused by their cancer and its treatment. However, the short- and long-term effects of different types of treatment on physical health are not well understood, especially for hormone therapy. Moreover, whether specific aspects of physical health, such as activities of daily living (ADL), are affected by treatment is unknown. Methods. This analysis was conducted in the Cancer Prevention Study 3 (CPS-3), a prospective cohort study with approximately 300,000 participants enrolled between 2006-2013. Participants returned a baseline survey and triennial follow-up surveys beginning in 2015. Incident, non-metastatic, female BC patients were included in this analysis if they returned a survey at least 90 days after their diagnosis through June 30, 2020, the end of follow-up for this analysis. All 2,551 BC patients included in this study had pre- and post-diagnostic surveys and underwent breast surgery if they were diagnosed with invasive disease. They were matched to up to five cancer-free women on age and year of survey returns (N=12,704). Self-reported physical health and ADL were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale instrument. Treatment information was obtained from cancer registries and self-report and included surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal therapy. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between treatment received and self-reported physical function were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression models at three time points relative to the case’s diagnosis date: before diagnosis, within 90 days to 5 years after diagnosis, and more than 5 years after diagnosis. Results. Median age at diagnosis was 56 years (interquartile range (IQR): 50-62). Approximately 82% of the tumors were hormone-receptor positive. The median times from the three physical health measurements to diagnoses were 1.7 years before diagnosis (IQR: 0.9 – 2.7), 1.7 years (IQR: 0.9 – 2.5) from 90 days to 5 years post-diagnosis and 6.6 years (IQR: 5.5-7.0) for more than 5 years post-diagnosis. There was a significant risk of physical decline within 5 years of diagnosis for women who received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy compared to cancer-free women (Table 1). However, more than 5 years after diagnosis, the risk of physical decline was only observed among those who received chemotherapy. Treatment combinations that included chemotherapy were also associated with a decline in the ability to carry out ADL during the first 5 years. Patients who received hormonal therapy without chemotherapy were comparable to cancer-free women in their ability to carry out ADL during the post-diagnosis period. BC patients who received surgery only or surgery and radiation reported physical health and ADLs similar to cancer-free women within 5 and &amp;gt;5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions. Post-diagnosis physical health decline is time and treatment dependent. Patients receiving chemotherapy have the greatest overall physical health decline and it is long-lasting. Beyond five years from diagnosis, physical health of breast cancer patients who did not receive chemotherapy were similar to cancer-free women. Strategies are needed to help BC patients receiving chemotherapy overcome the long-term physical function limitations of their cancer treatment. Table. Associations between treatment received and physical health and ability to carry out activities of daily living. OR: Odds Ratio; CI: confidence interval; chemo: chemotherapy; radio: radiation therapy; horm: hormonal therapy. *Associations were adjusted for matching factors, which included age and time from diagnosis to measurement of physical health. Citation Format: Clara Bodelon, Matthew Masters, Lauren McCullough, Alpa Patel, Lauren Teras. Short- and long-term treatment-related effects on physical health in breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-11-07.

Intermonitor Variability of Garmin Vivofit® Jr. Wristband

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of Garmin Vivofit® Jr. physical activity (PA) wristbands during daily life physical activities. Six wristbands were randomly selected from a stock of twenty-four. The wristbands were worn by a single four-year-old participant, with three on the right wrist area and three on the left wrist area. To assess device reliability under laboratory conditions on a treadmill (Powerjog, model JM200, Sport Engineering Ltd., Birmingham, UK), the participant wore the six wristbands while performing five work conditions: sitting and standing (30 times per minute, controlled by a metronome), walking at 3 km/h, walking at 4 km/h, running at 5 km/h, and running at 6 km/h. Throughout the six minutes, variables related to physical activity provided by the device, step volume, and minutes of physical activity were recorded using the specific application of the wristband (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, KS, USA). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were high for all six wristbands with each other, for both the number of steps taken (ICC = 0.991–0.998) and the number of minutes of PA (ICC = 0.892–0.977). The critical alpha value of the Cusum test was highest at.050 for all wristband associations. In conclusion, good reliability was found among the six wristbands, which could be adopted for field-based research to quantify physical activities.

Association between chronic disease, sensory impairment, walking limitation, and activities of daily living of community-dwelling older Indians.

Due to the paucity of existing evidence, this study aims to investigate the relationship between chronic disease, sensory impairment, walking limitation, and difficulty in activities of daily living (ADLs) in community-dwelling older Indians. This cross-sectional study included data from 31,394 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from the 2017 to 2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Participants were divided into 2 groups: 12,993 with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and a walking limitation, and 18,401 healthy individuals without such conditions. Participants with any chronic disease were further divided into 2 groups: sensory impairment (n = 12,462), and a walking limitation (n = 4745). Self-reported close-ended questionnaires with yes or no were used to assess each chronic disease (such as hypertension, diabetes, lung disorders, joint disorders, or heart disease), sensory impairment (vision or hearing), and walking limitation. A walking limitation was defined as being when a person could only walk at their usual pace for less than 500 meters on a flat surface. ADLs were assessed and classified as physical ADLs including basic physical requirements like dressing. Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) included more complicated community-based tasks like meal preparation. Findings showed that older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and a walking limitation were more likely to be significantly associated with physical ADLs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34-1.57, P < .0001) and IADLs (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.70-2.03, P < .0001) than those without such conditions. Among older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment was more likely associated with physical ADLs (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.82-2.16, P < .0001) and IADLs (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.15-1.37, P < .0001) followed by a walking limitation (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.42-1.65, P < .0001; aOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.17-1.38, P < .0001, respectively). These findings suggest that older Indians with chronic disease, sensory impairment, and walking limitation, can experience increased difficulty in overall and individual physical ADL and IADL than those without these conditions. Older Indians with any chronic condition who had sensory impairment or a walking limitation were also more likely to have difficulty with physical ADLs and IADLs.

Real-life behavioral and neural circuit markers of physical activity as a compensatory mechanism for social isolation

Social isolation and loneliness pose major societal challenges accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, especially for mental health. In this cohort study using accelerometry, electronic diaries and neuroimaging in a community-based sample of 317 young adults, we show that people felt affectively worse when lacking social contact, but less so when engaging in physical activity. This putative compensatory mechanism was present even at small physical activity doses and was pronounced in individuals with higher brain functional connectivity within the default mode network signaling risk for depression. Social-affective benefits of movement were higher in people showing exacerbated loneliness and were replicated throughout the pandemic. These findings extend the state of knowledge on the dynamic interplay of social contact and physical activity in daily life identifying an accessible protective strategy to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation, particularly among at-risk individuals, which comes with the potential to improve public health in the post-pandemic world.

The DizzyQuest Combined with Accelerometry: Daily Physical Activities and Limitations among Patients with Bilateral Vestibulopathy Due to DFNA9.

DFNA9 is a genetic disease of the inner ear, causing progressive bilateral sensorineural deafness and bilateral vestibulopathy (BV). In this study, DizzyQuest, a mobile vestibular diary, and the MOX accelerometer were combined to assess the daily life functional limitations and physical activity of patients with DFNA9 suffering from BV. These parameters might be appropriate as potential candidacy criteria and outcome measures for new therapeutic interventions for BV. Fifteen DFNA9 patients with BV and twelve age-matched healthy controls were included. The DizzyQuest was applied for six consecutive days, which assessed the participants' extent of functional limitations, tiredness, types of activities performed during the day, and type of activity during which the participant felt most limited. The MOX accelerometer was worn during the same six days of DizzyQuest use, measuring the participants intensity and type of physical activity. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the DFNA9 patients and control group. DFNA9 patients with BV felt significantly more limited in activities during the day compared to the age-matched controls, especially in social participation (p < 0.005). However, these reported limitations did not cause adjustment in the types of activities and did not reduce the intensity or type of physical activity measured with accelerometry. In addition, no relationships were found between self-reported functional limitations and physical activity. This study demonstrated that self-reported functional limitations are significantly higher among DFNA9 patients with BV. As a result, these limitations might be considered as part of the candidacy criteria or outcome measures for therapeutic interventions. In addition, the intensity or type of physical activity performed during the day need to be addressed more specifically in future research.

PHYSICAL RESERVE MEASURES AS PREDICTORS OF RESILIENCE IN OLDER ADULTS UNDERGOING TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

Abstract Measures of physical reserve have been shown to predict resilience following surgery in older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of gait speed, hand grip strength, and 3-minute walk distance to predict resilience in older adults scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), in whom preoperative gait and mobility may be limited by pain or reduced range of motion. We conducted an interim analysis of data from PRIME-KNEE, an ongoing prospective study following participants age ≥60 years undergoing TKA recruited from Duke hospitals. We determined the change in self-reported Lower Extremity Physical Activities of Daily Living (LE PADL) score from pre-surgery baseline to 4 months following TKA in 133 participants (mean age = 72, 59% female). Gait speed, hand grip, and 3-minute walk were collected at baseline. A total of 110 (83%) participants exhibited “resilience,” defined dichotomously as any improvement in LE PADL score (occurred in 38 participants) or return to a non-disabled state (occurred in 72 participants). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that 3-minute walk distance was significantly associated with resilience at 4 months (OR=1.012 [CI 1.002-1.022]) with an area under the curve of 0.634. The presentation will review the implications of these results and present findings with an updated sample, as well as discuss the need for other predictive measures, such as provocative tests (i.e., tests that measure response to an experimental stressor) and biomarkers.

MULTIPLE MEASURES OF FITNESS ASSOCIATION WITH MUSCLE MRNA SPLICING VARIANTS IN THE GESTALT STUDY

Abstract Regular physical activity has been associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as better mitochondrial function. Previous studies in master octogenarian athletes found a higher content of mitochondrial- and reduced spliceosome proteins compared to non-athlete age/sex-matched controls. These findings suggest that higher mitochondrial function is associated with down-regulation of the spliceosome. In this study we aimed to detect mitochondrial respiration associations with expression of specific genes and differentially spliced isoforms. We performed RNA-seq from vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsies in 82 male/female participants in the GESTALT study (Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing). We correlated gene expression, transcript usage and splicing events with I) self-reported level of physical activity in daily life, II) peak oxygen consumption assessed during an incremental treadmill stress testing, III) muscle oxidative capacity assessed by p31 MR Spectroscopy and IV) mitochondrial-respirometry assessed on permeabilized muscle fibers, using regression models adjusted for age, gender, and batch. Except for IV), all three mitochondrial measures positively correlated with each other, and were downregulated along the Aging axis. We detected 423, 219, 178 and 226 differentially expressed genes (p-value&amp;lt;0.01), respectively for the 4 mitochondrial fitness measures. Gene-set-enrichment analysis (GSEA) detected up-top TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiration kPCr and mito-respirometry detected the highest number of AS events (448 and 412). Dissimilarities among transcriptomic profile associated to these four bioenergetic outcomes provide insight into the biological mechanisms that connect them to mitochondrial function and suggest that mitochondrial function is not the only correlate of movement behaviors.

CENTENARIAN PHYSICAL FUNCTION EVOLUTION AND COVID-19 IMPACT: A STUDY IN JAPAN

Abstract Studies show that centenarians’ physical function and ADL levels improved in the recent cohort. However, it is unclear whether this positive trend has altered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies indicated that physical function decreased even in younger older adults because of the limited daily activity during the pandemic period. Is this true for centenarians? This study has two aims: firstly, to investigate whether the physical function of Japanese centenarians has improved over the years; secondly, to examine the impact of COVID-19. We used the data collected from 2014 to the present day in Kyotango City. The City Hall has been collecting data including the functional status of all centenarians who turned 100 years old every year. In this study, we divided nine years into three periods: 2014-2016 (P1), 2017-2019 (P2), and 2020-2022 (P3). For each period the number of participants was 122, 116, and 153. The results revealed that the prevalence of bedridden centenarians showed an upward trend over the years. Concurrently, the proportion of centenarians capable of unrestricted mobility exhibited an upward trajectory from P1 to P2, followed by a subsequent decrease from P2 to P3. In conclusion, if there was no COVID-19 pandemic, the functional level of Japanese centenarians could be improved over the years. At the same time, the gradually increasing trend of bedridden centenarians might indicate intensive medical and institutional care enables centenarians with fragile conditions to survive.

Power training in older adults: A pilot and feasibility study

Background: Previous research shows that power training can increase power output in older adults and may also improve physical performance, physical functioning, and independence. However, power training interventions have not been optimized for older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a power training program called Powerful Ageing in older adults. Methods: A total of 28 older adults participated in a 12-week power training intervention at an intensity of 20-30% 1RM. The primary outcome, feasibility, was assessed through intervention retention, adherence (attendance and compliance), and safety. Secondary outcomes were measured in health domains of the ICF. In the function domain, muscle power and anaerobic power were assessed using a weighted squat and Wingate test, respectively. In the activities domain, physical performance was measured using the 6-minute walk test, and in the participation domain, physical activity in daily life and health status were evaluated using an accelerometer and the SF-36 questionnaire, respectively. Results: With intervention retention and adherence at 100%, and 0% drop-out due to injuries, Powerful Ageing was considered feasible and safe for older adults. Power training significantly improved muscle power, anaerobic power, and physical performance in older adults, but did not have a significant effect on physical activity in daily life or health status. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that Powerful Ageing is a feasible and safe intervention that may improve muscle power, anaerobic power, and physical performance in older adults. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to fully assess the potential of power training as an exercise intervention for older adults.

Relationship between Physical Activity, Handgrip Strength, Depressive Symptoms, and Cognitive Impairment in Korean older adults

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity, muscle strength, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function are intertwined in later life. This study aimed to investigate the association physical activity (PA), relative handgrip strength (RHGS), depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment in Korean older adults.MethodThis study consisting of 512 community‐dwelling Korean older adults (417 female, 95 male) aged 65 years and older (74.8±5.4 years) in S‐city, Gyeonggi‐do. PA and handgrip strength were assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and using a dynamometer (GRIP‐D; Takei Ltd, Niigata, Japan). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Korean form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) Scale. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE‐DS) of Korean version. The PROCESS V3.4 macro for SPSS based on the bootstrap method was used to determine the mediating effects of PA and RHGS on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.ResultMultiple logistic regression showed that insufficient PA was associated with high odds of a cognitive impairment ((OR = 2.972, 95%CI = 1.749‐5.052, p = .002) compared with sufficient PA (OR = 1). Weak RHGS (OR = 3.540, 95%CI = 2.156‐5.814, p&lt;.001) was associated with high odds of the cognitive impairment compared with normal RHGS (OR = 1). Depressive symptoms (OR = 2.676, 95%CI = 1.594‐4.492, p&lt;.001) were associated with higher odds of the cognitive impairment compared with normal depression status (OR = 1). Particularly, depressive symptoms were found to have both direct and indirect effects on cognitive impairment. As predicted, PA and RHGS partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment (PA: B = –0.017, 95%CI = –0.028 ‐ –0.009, p&lt;.001; RHGS: B = –0.005, 95%CI = –0.007 ‐ –0.003, p&lt;.001). In addition, serial mediation analysis indicates that the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment was partially mediated by PA and RHGS in a sequential manner (B = –0.004, 95%CI = –0.006 ‐ –0.002, p&lt;.001).ConclusionAccording to the results of the serial multiple mediation model, the elderly should be encouraged to continue their physical activity in daily life, which not only improves and maintaining muscular strength but also reduces the negative impact of depressive symptoms on cognitive impairment.