Physical Activity In Prevention Research Articles

Impact of Obesity on Respiratory Health: The Role of Sport and Physical Activity in Prevention and Management

Introduction and Objective: Obesity is a major social and economic problem. Since the 1980s, the number of overweight and obese people has doubled. Treatment of such patients is 30% more expensive than for people of normal weight. The main aim of the article is to present the impact of the occurrence of respiratory diseases and the deterioration of the system function. In addition, the article reviews the impact of physical activity and diet on weight loss and the prevention of further weight gain. Review and Methods: Review and summary of studies and meta-analysis of studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar and PubMed. Abbreviated Description of the State of Knowledge: One of the most common diseases in the population is bronchial asthma. People with excess body weight have a more severe course, and numerous studies have been carried out to explain the cause. The main mechanism that worsens respiratory function is mechanical compression by fatty tissue. It has also been observed that the inflammatory response, underlying the etiopathogenesis of asthma, may be caused by the secretion of inflammatory mediators by adipocytes. This is currently being investigated. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder that results in a fragmentation of sleep, which has serious health consequences and leads to a reduction in quality of life. Obesity is a major risk factor. The severity of the condition is strongly related to excess body weight. Obese hypoventilation syndrome is a condition in which obesity impairs alveolar ventilation and CO2 removal, resulting in hypercapnia, which can lead to respiratory failure. Summary: Weight loss and interventions to prevent weight gain in people with a baseline BMI >25 kg/m2 are fundamental to good health. For best results, a calorie-restricted diet should be combined with physical activity. The WHO has created recommendations for the amount of physical activity needed each week.

Role of Different Forms and Intensities of Physical Activity in Prevention of Dementia

IntroductionDementia is one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) factsheet, currently more than 55 million people worldwide have dementia, with over 60% living in low- and middle-income countries. Every year, there are nearly 10 million new cases of dementia. WHO Global Status Report 2021 estimated growth of 139 million people with dementia by 2050. The estimated total global cost of dementia is likely to surpass US$ 2.8 trillion by 2030. As one grows older, the risk of developing dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s Disease, progressively increases. The Lancet Commission Reports 2017 and 2020 on dementia prevention, intervention, and care identified 12 modifiable risk factors, including physical inactivity, obesity, midlife hypertension, and diabetes. Addressing these lifestyle factors may significantly reduce the risk of dementia and its progression. While no curative or disease-modifying treatment is available for dementia at his stage, addressing modifiable risk factors may have a preventive role in reducing the risk of dementia.ObjectivesThe objective of the literature review is to explore current evidence on Physical Activity (PA) in reducing the risk of developing dementia and its progression. The focus is also to see the association of different forms and intensities of PA and their intensities, including aerobic, strength-based, and leisure, with the risk and progression of dementia.MethodsNarrative reviewResultsResults from the reviewed studies showed that PA was found to be associated with a reduced risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s Disease. Studies comparing different intensities of PA indicate though all levels of PA decrease the risk of dementia, there is a linear relationship between the higher intensity PA and the increased beneficial effect in terms of reduced risk of dementia. Leisure-time PA also has a protective role against dementia in longitudinal studies. There is more consistent evidence in favour of aerobic PA; however, it has a ceiling effect. The combination of aerobic and strength-based experience provides optimum beneficial effects. The elderly population who started physical activity in their 80s experienced the beneficial effects of PA in reducing the risk of dementia. There is mixed evidence of the protective effect of PA on the population who have already developed cognitive impairment or have genetic vulnerabilities. The author will also include the results of any relevant study published by 31 March 2024.ConclusionsThe details of the literature results and conclusions will be discussed at the conference.Disclosure of InterestI. Singh Consultant of: The author declare that the review was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., R. Chandra: None Declared

Physical activity in psychiatry: Current state and challenges

Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity (PA) shows beneficial effects for various mental illnesses, but exercise-prescription has not yet become routine practice in psychiatry. Therefore, this survey addresses attitudes and barriers towards exercise-prescription in health professionals. Methods: We conducted an anonymous online-survey among health professionals on the importance of PA in prevention and treatment of mental illness and perceived barriers as part of a larger survey on sports psychiatry. The survey was promoted by societies for sports psychiatry. Results: N = 310 health professionals from Switzerland (86.5%) and other countries responded to the online survey. Sixty percent were physicians (51.1% psychiatrists). Most respondents strongly agreed that PA plays an important role in prevention and treatment of mental (80.2%, 69.8%) and physical (84.5%, 72.0%) illness. Forty-six percent use PA in prevention and 59.4% in treatment of mental illness with lower proportions for physical illness (39.5%, 36.2%). Most mentioned barriers to the use of PA were “insufficient possibilities” in psychiatric institutions (34.8%) and “no reimbursement” (41.9%) in private practice. Participants working in private practice rated barriers in practice significantly higher than those from other workplaces. “No motivation” was found to be the most common barrier for patients (56.5%). PA was used most often for depression (39.5%) followed by substance use disorders (32.1%) and anxiety disorders (30.9%). Conclusions: Health professionals in Switzerland and some extent other European countries show a positive attitude towards the use of PA in mental illness. Current barriers, especially reimbursement in private practice should be addressed to improve prescription-rates of PA.

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE INCIDENCE OF MENTAL DISORDERS

The research addresses a topic of great relevance to the area of ​​public health by problematizing the relationship between physical activity and the incidence of mental disorders. Its general objective is to systematize the effects recorded in scientific literature on the incidence of physical activity in prevention and as a therapeutic resource for cases of mental disorders. This is a bibliographic research, of an integrative review type, carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), in which the expressions physical activity and mental disorders were used, in isolation and in combination, in the search for all indexes. The results indicate a positive impact of physical activity on the mental health of the samples studied. Regarding the parameters for administering this practice, studies, in general, converge on the assumption that any amount of physical activity is better than none, but in some studies the specification of moderate to vigorous physical activities prevails to obtain effective benefits. It concludes on the pressing importance of combating a sedentary lifestyle to gradually promote progress towards reliable parameters of physical activity that result in undeniable gains for mental health.

Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity on Stroke: A Narrative Review

Stroke is a major health issue in the category of non communicable diseases, placing a significant burden on developed and developing countries in terms of long-term and specialised care. In today’s era, controlling the highly prevalent non communicable diseases is a primary focus, with preventive strategies taking precedence over treatment strategies. Physical inactivity is one of the contributing factors to stroke, highlighting the immense significance of physical activity for stroke survivors. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and understand the positive effects of physical activity in preventing and managing stroke. This narrative review aims to explore and summarise the beneficial effects of physical activity in stroke prevention and management. By narrating these benefits, we hope to encourage stroke survivors to engage in sufficient physical activity to maximise their advantages.

Built Environment Correlates of Diabetes and Obesity

Background: A city’s planning, design, and construction can have a profound influence on health, specifically on non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which are often referred to as “diabesity.” This study describes the designs and methods to understand the relationship between food and physical activity environments on diabesity. Materials and Methods: This study was a community-based cross-sectional door-to-door survey conducted as part of a large National Institute of Health and Care Research-funded surveillance project. For this study, two wards in Chennai were selected randomly. In each ward, five community enumeration blocks were selected using systematic random sampling technique. A consecutive sampling approach was used to select the study participants. Two categories of data were collected: (1) health data and (2) built environment (BE) data. Health and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected from all the study participants. For categorizing BE, an online questionnaire was developed using the KoBo toolbox to collect information about food and physical activity environments, as well as geographic locations. Expected Outcome: This study is expected to reveal data on the relationship between food and physical activity environments and diabesity. It will help policy-makers to understand the importance of access to healthy foods and spaces for physical activity in prevention and control of diabesity. It can also enable community-based interventions to improve health outcomes and help urban planners to plan cities that promote active lifestyles for its residents.

An Overview of Osteoporosis in the Elderly Population: Role of Nutrition and Physical activity

Abstract: Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures, especially of the hip, wrist and spine. Osteoporosis is a major public health issue. Calcium depletion in the bones is a natural process with ageing. A literature online search , was carried out on Osteoporosis using Pubmed and Google search engines and was reviewed to prepare an overview of Osteoporosis in the elderly population. This review paper discusses the following aspects of Osteoporosis in the elderly population; occurrence , types , causes, mechanism, nutritional correction and role of physical activity in prevention and management of Osteoporosis in the elderly. Factors influencing fractures due to fragility include malnutrition, decreased physical activity, macro and micro nutrient deficiency. Studies showed that fragility fractures occur due to insufficient intake of nutrition leading to deficiency of Vitamin D, Calcium, Vitamin K, Zinc, Magnesium etc. Osteoporosis can be prevented to a large extent with a calcium rich diet, exposure to sunlight (outdoor activity) and regular exercise. Osteoporosis when neglected is progressive, hampering day to day activities and puts the person at increased risk of fractures. There is a need further research in osteoporosis and efforts must be undertaken to create awareness about bone health; lifestyle modification to prevent Osteoporosis.

Abordagem Fisioterapêutica Na Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica

Hypertension (AH) is a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) defined by blood pressure levels, in which the benefits of treatment (non-medication and/or medication) outweigh the risks. It is a multifactorial condition, which depends on genetic/epigenetic, environmental and social factors, characterized by persistent elevation of blood pressure (BP), that is, systolic BP (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg, measured with the correct technique, on at least two different occasions, in the absence of antihypertensive medication. In 2021, a systematic search of the scientific literature of the main biomedical databases was carried out: Scielo, BVS, MEDLINE and Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension between the years 2007 to 2021, aiming at the importance of physical therapy as a therapeutic in the control and treatment of SAH. It is evident that even today many difficulties are encountered to establish a 100% effective project for the prevention of SAH, but the role of physical activity in prevention and treatment, light and moderate intensity exercises, from two to three times, is notorious. in the week they were more effective, providing an improvement in the quality of life of these patients.  

PAHFKB: A Knowledge Base and an Online Service for Personalized Physical Activity in Prevention and Intervention of Heart Failure

PAHFKB: A Knowledge Base and an Online Service for Personalized Physical Activity in Prevention and Intervention of Heart Failure

Effects of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Prevention of Neurological and Cognitive Disorders- A Review Study

Background: As neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are rising rapidly, unexpected demandfor cost-effective and practical treatment is also growing. The present study reveals the synergistic roleand mechanism of nutrition and physical activities in the transition of cognitive functions and mentalwellbeing.Objectives: To unravel the effect of nutrition and exercise in maintaining cognitive function and mentalhealth. In this study some of these points were reviewed such as what is the influence of nutritionand exercise over mental health. How well the combined effects can help to combat neurological andbehavioural disabilities. What mechanism is involved in promoting mental health.Methods: A non-systematic approach was used in the present review study. This study summarizes thesynergistic role and mechanism of nutrients and physical exercise in the transition of cognitive functionand mental balance.Results: The most important outcome is nutritional therapy in combination with regular physicalexercise is a reliable, effective and economical alternative that can intensify the effects of standard drugtherapy.

Moderating Effect of Physical Activity in Prevention of Colorectal and Breast Cancer by Mediterranean Diet in Females of Pakistan

Objective: The aim and purpose of the study are to determine how cancer can be prevented by maintaining a good dietary plan and physical activity. To discuss the relationship between diet and cancer prevention, guidelines, and evidence-based strategies to reduce the cancer risk (Jennifer, Karen and Wendy 2016). Cancer prevention food plan should consist of all the right amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients. Dietary guidelines can be adapted to promote health and preventing diet-related chronic diseases—a population that hasa good dietary plan, less prone to the risk of cancer. Study Design:. A cross-sectional study Place and Duration:This study was conducted at Holy Family Hospital and Wapda Hospital of Rawalpindi for duration of six months i.e from June 2020 to December 2020. Methods: Research was conducted on a sample of 58 females. Patients were aged between 18-75 years. Patients’ detailed demographics age,residency and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Previous history of breast and colorectal cancer were recorded among patients. Consumption and awareness of mediterranean diet among females were assessed. Effectiveness and recommendation of this diet were also observed. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results:Most of the patients 35 (60.34%) were aged between 18-24 years, 12 (20.7%) were between 25-34 years of age and the rest were 11 (18.97%) >35 years of age. Mean age of the patients were 28.74±10.54 years with mean BMI 24.08±9.45 kg/m2. 41(70.7%) was not aware from mediterranean diet and regular take of this diet was found in 15 (25.9%) cases. Physical activities were found among 47 (63.%) cases. Previous history of colorectal cancer was found in 4 (6.9%) cases and breast cancer was found in 26 (44.8%) cases. 42 (72.41%) patients were agree to recommend this diet after read this useful benefits. Conclusion:We concludedin this study that the use of mediterranean diet in daily routine was useful and effective in prevention of breast and colorectal cancer. It can also be prevented by physical activities in daily work. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, physical activity, Mediterranean diet

Role of exercise and physical activity in prevention and management of chronic diseases

The burden of chronic disease and the cost of treatment and management has skyrocketed. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2016 making it the leading cause of death. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, there are other chronic diseases which include obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Most chronic diseases can be caused and aggravated by physical inactivity amongst other factors. However, physical activity and exercise when properly implemented demonstrate tremendous effect in the prevention and management of several chronic diseases and health related conditions. This review focuses on the role of exercise in prevention and management of chronic diseases and the biochemical mechanism underlying it.

Role of exercise and physical activity in prevention and management of chronic diseases

Role of exercise and physical activity in prevention and management of chronic diseases

Physical Activity for Prevention and Management of Sleep Disturbances

Physical activity can have both positive and negative effects on sleep depending on how it is practiced. Regular exercise and vigorous physical activity aid in maintaining a healthy life and preventing chronic diseases. Rather than looking for a specific exercise type to help fall asleep, it is better to encourage patients to find exercises that they can practice regularly in their daily lives. However, exercise guidelines for sleep disturbances based on clear evidence are still insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to gain information on the correct physical activity methods for prevention/management of mild sleep disturbances. It is expected that many people can maintain physical, mental, and social health as well as prevent/manage mild sleep disturbances through regular exercise and vigorous physical activity. Key words: Physical activity, Sleep disorders, Insomnia, Sleep apnea

The role of physical activity in prevention and treatment of peripheral vascular disorders

Peripheral vascular diseases constitute one of the most significant medical and social problems. Physiotherapy plays an important role among and in addition to various treatment modalities. Physiotherapy for vascular applied in vessel disease treatment primaliry consists of resonable and regular exercises and activities, and selected physical procedures. The review paper presents current data concerning the most commonly applied exercises and physical procedures in selected peripheral vascular diseases.

The Moving Healthcare Professionals Programme.

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are estimated to see nearly 500 000 patients during their career. Evidence demonstrates that one in four patients would be more active if advised by their GP. However, there is a lack of engagement between HCPs and patients regarding the benefits of physical activity (PA). PA is not discussed with 80% of patients, with 75% of GPs feeling they lack knowledge to advise their patients. Moving Healthcare Professionals Programme (MHPP) aims include increasing awareness and skills in PA for prevention and management of ill health; changing clinical practice in the promotion of activity; and evaluating impact to identify 'what works'. GPs were recruited as Physical Activity Clinical Champions (PACCs) to deliver peer-to-peer training to HCPs nationally. Additionally, relationships were developed with undergraduate medical schools to embed PA into curriculum. A PA advice pad was developed as a local GP pilot, while the 'Moving Medicine' online resource was created. Over 22 000 HCPs were trained to date, with evaluation demonstrating an increase in knowledge, skills and confidence, and over 18 000 completions of our eLearning modules. PA coverage was expanded across the undergraduate curriculum at multiple medical schools, while feedback on the e-advice pad pilot has informed a further digital pilot. Additionally, there were >3000 monthly users of 'Moving Medicine'. This work demonstrated scope for significant improvements in HCP engagement in multiple clinical settings. Working with GPs has proved crucial to this success across various workstreams, with their participation a continued focus moving into Phase 2.

Physical activity in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Physical activity in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Physical activity associates with subarachnoid hemorrhage risk\u2013 a population-based long-term cohort study

Benefit of physical activity in prevention of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unclear. We aimed to clarify this by studying how different types of physical activity associate with SAH risk. By following 65 521 population-based FINRISK participants prospectively from medical and autopsy registries since 1972 until 2014, we detected 543 incident SAHs. At baseline, we measured leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA), and commuting physical activity (CPA) levels. The Cox model adjusted for all well-known SAH risk factors and for socioeconomic status, provided hazard ratios (HRs) for physical activity variables. Every 30-minute increase in weekly LTPA decreased SAH risk linearly in men and women HR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.90–1.00). CPA reduced SAH risk as well, but the association diminished as participants retired. In contrast, individuals with moderate (1.41, 1.04–1.92) and high OPA (1.34, 0.99–1.81) had elevated SAH risk. Protective association of LTPA persisted in all age and hypertension groups, and was even greater in current smokers 0.88 (0.81–0.96) than non-smokers (p = 0.04 for difference). Commuting and leisure time physical activity seem to reduce SAH risk in men and women and is most beneficial for smokers. Future intervention studies should investigate whether physical activity can reduce the rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms.

Facilitators and Barriers of Physical Activity in Prevention and Control of NCD – A Qualitative Study in North India

Abstract Background: There is an escalating burden of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. World Health Organisation (WHO) and the government of India aim to reduce the physical inactivity relatively by 10%, as it is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs. Patients and the general population are generally advised to do the physical activity by doctors and other health personnel through individual counselling and group health talks in the community. But whether they can follow the given advice or the knowledge provided alone was sufficient to translate it into practice was not studied. This study was done to explore the facilitators and barriers to physical activity in an urban resettlement colony in New Delhi (India). Methods: It was a qualitative study, where participants were interviewed face to face until theory saturation. Some interviews were conducted at the outpatient department and some participants in the community. Then a random visit was made to one of the residential colonies and a park to check the facilities present for physical activity at the community level. Interview contained open-ended questions and followed an interview guide. The audio was transcribed and the text was read multiple times for familiarisation. Quotations depicting facilitators and barriers for physical activity were identified. Following this, coding was done and meaningful themes were identified as thematic analysis. Results: Knowledge regarding the benefits of physical activity was present in all the participants. Five participants (36%) were regularly doing physical activity in the form of exercise/yoga/gym/brisk walking. The facilitators identified were motivation/will power, time management skills, knowledge and perceived benefits of physical activity, presence of disease and its management, a facility like a park/garden equipped with physical exercise equipment, convenient school timings. The barriers identified were lack of time, lack of indoor and outdoor spaces, lack of maintenance of parks/infrastructure, inadequate equipment for physical activity, unfavourable season/weather, physical restriction, unhealthy lifestyle and laziness. Conclusions: We conclude that simply having knowledge about the benefits of physical activity is not sufficient to translate it to practice. There should be an enabling environment and well-maintained facilities in the community, schools. Timings of school/work and motivation also play a major role. At a personal level, motivation needs to come from within and needs to be persistent. Keywords: Barriers; Control; Exercise; Facilitators; India; Non-Communicable Disease; Physical Activity; Prevention

Medical Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes to Physical Activity and Health and to Physical Activity Counseling

PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) counseling in the health care setting is regarded as a promising avenue to increase population level PA. Equipping future physicians with the necessary knowledge is crucial. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge on and attitude towards PA and health, as well as PA counseling at a large German Medical School. METHODS: a 15-item online survey was conducted. The study has been approved by the University Ethics Committee. RESULTS: 145 students (106 females,73% ) returned the questionnaire. 118 (81%) reported not knowing the WHO PA recommendations. Only 15 (10,3%) respondents could identify the recommendations correctly. 108 (74%) reported having learnt anything on the health effects of PA. 106 (73%) wished more information on this topic. 97% and 96% of respondents considered PA to be important or very important in the prevention and therapy of chronic diseases respectively. 99% judged PA counseling to be physicians’ task. Weekly reported PA was as follows: 9 (6%) no exercise, 19 (13%) > 1 hr, 47 (32%) 1-2 hrs, 41 (28%) 2-4 hrs, and 29 (20%) ˂4 hours. 32 (22%) respondents were in the entry phase of their studies, 87 (60%) in the midphase and 26 (18%) in their final, practical year. Gender was not associated with the importance of PA in prevention and therapy, with physicians’ PA counseling role and with perceived need for more information on PA and health. High overall PA volume was only associated with physicians’ PA counseling role (Spearman’s rho ,224, p > 0,01.). The importance of PA in therapy was associated with the importance of PA in prevention (Spearman’s rho ,595, p > 0,01.). PA counseling as physicians’ role was associated with PA in prevention (Spearman’s rho,402, p > 0,01) and PA in therapy (Spearman’s rho ,406 p > 0,01) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students are interested in learning about the health effects of PA, consider PA important in the prevention and therapy of chronic diseases, and see PA counseling as physicians’ task, with no difference between males and females and students according to their study phase. Also no association was found between respondents’ PA and health related views and their volume of PA. A self-selection bias in respondents cannot be ruled out.