Physical Activity Behavior In Individuals Research Articles

Comparison of Step-Based Metrics Under Laboratory and Free-Living Conditions in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) causes pain and functional limitations. Little is known regarding walking characteristics, volume, and intensity evaluated in laboratory and free-living conditions and whether these measures differ between those with FAIS and uninjured individuals. To examine the differences in laboratory gait measures and free-living step-based metrics between individuals with FAIS and uninjured control participants. Comparative, cross-sectional study. We enrolled 25 participants with FAIS and 14 uninjured controls. We evaluated laboratory spatiotemporal gait measures (cadence, velocity, step length, stride length) during self-selected and fast walking speeds using an instrumented walkway. Participants then wore an accelerometer around the waist during waking hours for 7 consecutive days. Free-living step-based metrics included average daily steps, peak 1- and 30-minute cadence, and average daily time spent in walking cadence bands. We compared laboratory gait measures and step-based metrics between groups. The groups did not differ in laboratory spatiotemporal gait measures during both speeds (all P > .05). The FAIS group took fewer daily steps (5346 ± 2141 versus 7338 ± 2787 steps/d; P = .030) and had lower peak 1-minute (92.9 ± 23.9 versus 119.6 ± 16.3 steps/min; P < .001) and 30-minute cadences (60.9 ± 27.1 versus 86.8 ± 22.4 steps/min; P = .003) compared with uninjured controls, respectively. The FAIS group also spent less time in slow (6.0 ± 3.6 versus 10.3 ± 3.4 min/d; P = .001), medium (4.5 ± 4.2 versus 8.9 ± 4.4 min/d; P = .005), and brisk/moderate (4.5 ± 6.2 versus 12.2 ± 10.3; P = .020) cadence bands compared with uninjured controls. Clinical/laboratory gait measures alone may not be representative of real-world walking-related physical activity behavior in individuals with FAIS.

Peer Support Physical Activity Interventions Partnering Unknown Survivors of Cancer: A Scoping Review

Background: Social support is known to facilitate exercise among individuals with cancer; however, this support usually comes from a known source. The use of peer support, from an unknown peer, may facilitate exercise in survivors; however, this has not been well explored in the literature. Purpose: To examine the literature regarding the use, parameters, matching characteristics, and effectiveness of peer support physical activity interventions partnering unknown peers for individuals living beyond a cancer diagnosis. Methods: Six databases were searched for relevant reports up to December 17, 2021. Title/abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Data were extracted for information on population, intervention and partner matching characteristics, and study outcomes. A qualitative synthesis was used to summarize findings and descriptive statistics were used to summarize applicable results. Results: Twelve reports were included in this review, describing 6 unique partner-based peer support physical activity interventions. Most interventions (83%) incorporated peers using a mentor/mentee relationship, where one peer acted as a topic “expert,” assisting the other peer around physical activity. All peers were “unknown” prior to the intervention and all interventions described physical activity level as a primary outcome. All articles including results demonstrated that peer support interventions led to significantly higher levels of physical activity post-treatment. Discussion: Promoting social support via unknown peers has potential to improve physical activity behavior in individuals living beyond a cancer diagnosis. Further research should examine the most appropriate mode of partner communication and the overall effectiveness of these interventions using social support as a primary outcome.

Accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviors in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study from the Danish nationwide DD2 cohort.

Habitual physical activity behaviors of individuals with new-onset type 2 diabetes are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate accelerometer-derived physical activity behaviors in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We also examined sociodemographic and health-related correlates of a high-risk physical activity profile. This cross-sectional study used data from 768 participants enrolled in an intervention study nested within the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 diabetes (DD2) cohort. Physical activity was assessed by 24-h dual monitor accelerometry. Prevalence ratios of having a high-risk physical activity profile were estimated using Poisson regression adjusted for age and sex. Study participants spent on average 9.7 (25th and 75th percentiles, 8.3; 11.1) hours/day sitting, walked for 1.1 (0.8; 1.6) hours/day and accumulated 4,000 (2,521; 5,864) steps/day. Still, 62% met the recommendations for physical activity. Characteristics associated with a high-risk physical activity profile (observed in 24.5% of participants) included older age, higher body mass index (BMI), unemployment, retirement, comorbidities, and current smoking. Hence, participants aged 60-69, 70-79 and 80+ years had prevalence ratios of 2.12 (95% CI 1.31; 3.42), 1.99 (1.18; 3.34) and 3.09 (1.42; 6.75) for a high-risk activity profile, respectively, versus participants <50 years. BMI values of 30-39 and 40+ were associated with 1.83 (1.06; 3.15) and 3.38 (1.88; 6.05) higher prevalence ratios compared to normal-weight. Unemployment or retirement was associated with 1.62 (1.09; 2.41) and 2.15 (1.37; 3.39) times higher prevalence ratios, compared to individuals in the working force. Having a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 1-2 or 3+ was associated with 1.36 (1.03-1.79) and 1.90 (1.27-1.84) higher prevalence ratios, while current smoking was associated with a prevalence ratio of 1.72 (1.25; 2.35) compared to never smokers. This study shows that 62% of individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes met the recommendations for physical activity. Still, the majority of participants were also highly sedentary and accumulated very few daily steps, emphasizing the need for focusing on both increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors in the prevention of diabetes-related complications. Individuals with a high-risk physical activity profile were characterized by more obesity, socioeconomic inequalities, advanced age and comorbidities.Trial registration number: NCT02015130.

How Many Days Of Monitoring are Necessary to Accurately Characterize Activity of Parkinson's Disease Patients?

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To determine a reliable sampling strategy to accurately characterize physical activity in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). <h3>Design</h3> Observational study with individuals with PD wearing a wrist worn activity monitor for 30 days. <h3>Setting</h3> General community. <h3>Participants</h3> Individuals with mild-Moderate Parkinson's disease (N=31). <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> A step/day measurement period of various lengths (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days) were selected for consecutive and random days. Two-way intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for ten samples of both consecutive and random days for each participant. The ten samples were averaged for ICC for each measurement period. <h3>Results</h3> The ICC averages for consecutive days ranged from 0.59-0.75, with stability of ICC starting at a 7-day measurement period (95% CI, 0.55- 0.80). The ICC averages for random days ranged from 0.59-0.71, with stability of ICC maintained starting with a random 7-day measurement period (95% CI, 0.51- 0.77). <h3>Conclusions</h3> PD-related variability in motor behavior, and conventional methods of a four day measurement period may not accurately reflect physical activity behavior. Identifying a method to accurately characterize level of physical activity in individuals with PD over time provides those conducting short- and long-term intervention studies and trials with a robust physical activity outcome. The results of this study indicate that seven consecutive days of physical activity monitoring was the most stable measure of physical activity. For random sampling days, seven days also resulted in the greatest and most stable ICC of that sampling method. Therefore, in PD a seven-day consecutive measurement period may be the most representative of physical activity behavior in individuals with PD. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No authors have disclosures or conflicts.

Physical Activity Behavior During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Social Support and Other Covariates.

ObjectivesThis study was performed to investigate whether social support and other psychological predictors were associated with physical activity during the prolonged social isolation due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 494 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a diabetes specialty clinic. The questionnaire package comprised five parts, including sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, physical activity level, diabetes-specific social support, feelings of isolation, and diabetes-related distress. Clinical and hemoglobin A1c data were obtained from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the data.ResultsApproximately 71% of the participants participated in low/insufficient levels of physical activity. The participants who received support from family/friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 - 2.74), diabetes care team (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.77), and neighbors (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20 - 2.08) were more likely to have sufficient physical activity than those who did not receive these supports. There was also an association between physical activity behavior with feelings of isolation and diabetes distress.ConclusionsThis study points to the importance of social support as an amplifier mechanism for the maintenance of physical activity behavior in individuals with T2D during critical times.

Exploration of Habitual Walking Behavior and Home-Based Muscle Power Training in Individuals With Total Knee Arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a home-based muscle power training program on muscle strength and power, functional performance, and physical activity behavior in individuals at least 6 months posttotal knee arthroplasty. Twelve men and women, mean age 63.9 (6.8) and 6 months to 2 years posttotal knee arthroplasty unilateral or bilateral), completed this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the home-based power training intervention or step-monitoring comparison group. Quadriceps muscle strength and power, 6-minute walk test, functional leg power, and habitual walking behavior (average daily steps, minutes per week of moderate to vigorous physical activity) were assessed before and after intervention and then compared between and within groups. The authors found no significant differences between the groups on amount of change in any of the outcomes, but mixed results on differences within each of the groups on the outcome measures. There were no differences between the groups for amount of change on the outcome measures the authors selected. Although within group differences varied slightly for each group, it was not enough to justify the more expensive home-based power training over the simpler step-monitoring intervention.

Evaluation of a Physical Activity Behavior Change Program for Individuals With a Brain Injury

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a physical activity intervention for use within a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation program for individuals with brain injury. DesignQuasi-experimental comparison group design with 3-month follow-up. SettingComprehensive outpatient rehabilitation clinic that is a transitional setting between acute inpatient rehabilitation and community dwelling. ParticipantsIndividuals (N=47) with a brain injury were enrolled into either the intervention (n=22; 8 women, 14 men; mean age, 48.68y) or control group (n=25; 9 women, 16 men; mean age, 46.23y). InterventionConsisted of an 8-week informational and social/behavioral program that focused on enabling individuals to become independently active. The control group completed the standard of care typically available to patients in comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation. Main Outcome MeasuresBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey self-report physical activity items, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, and Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4. ResultsThe intervention group reported significantly (P<.001) greater weekly activity, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation outcomes at the completion of the program as well as at the 3-month follow-up when compared with the control group. Significantly, individuals in the experimental group reported increasing their weekly activity from 45 minutes preprogram to 72 minutes postprogram (d=2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–2.52), and 67 minutes at 3-month follow-up. ConclusionsFindings suggest that the intervention may be effective in increasing the physical activity behaviors of individuals engaged in a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation program after brain injury.

Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Physical Activity Behavior in Individuals With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.

The transtheoretical model has been successful in promoting health behavior change in general and clinical populations. However, there is little knowledge about the application of the transtheoretical model to explain physical activity behavior in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The aim was to examine patterns of (1) physical activity and (2) mediators of behavior change (self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change) across stages of change in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Fifty-five subjects with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (mean age ± SD = 63 ± 10 y) had physical activity assessed over 7 d using an accelerometer. Each component of the transtheoretical model was assessed using validated questionnaires. Subjects were divided into groups depending on stage of change: Group 1 (pre-contemplation and contemplation; n = 10), Group 2 (preparation; n = 20), and Group 3 (action and maintenance; n = 25). Statistical analyses included one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests. Physical activity variables were significantly (P < .05) higher in Group 3 (action and maintenance) compared with Group 2 (preparation) and Group 1 (pre-contemplation and contemplation). For self-efficacy, there were no significant differences between groups for mean scores (P = .14). Decisional balance cons (barriers to being physically active) were significantly lower in Group 3 versus Group 2 (P = .032). For processes of change, substituting alternatives (substituting inactive options for active options) was significantly higher in Group 3 versus Group 1 (P = .01), and enlisting social support (seeking out social support to increase and maintain physical activity) was significantly lower in Group 3 versus Group 2 (P = .038). The pattern of physical activity across stages of change is consistent with the theoretical predictions of the transtheoretical model. Constructs of the transtheoretical model that appear to be important at different stages of change include decisional balance cons, substituting alternatives, and enlisting social support. This study provides support to explore transtheoretical model-based physical activity interventions in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01569009.).

Outcome Expectations and Physical Activity in Persons With Longstanding Multiple Sclerosis

Research suggests that persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are much less physically active than the general population and that increased physical activity in persons with MS is associated with numerous benefits such as improvements in fatigue, mobility, and quality of life (). Potentially modifiable theory-based determinants of physical activity behavior need to be identified so that researchers may study their effectiveness in randomized clinical trials and clinicians may integrate them into practice to promote physical activity in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the multidimensional (physical, social, and self-evaluative) outcome expectations for physical activity among persons with longstanding MS. A sample of 369 participants diagnosed with MS for more than 15 years completed surveys to measure multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise, MS functional limitations, and physical activity using two different instruments: one measuring physical activity engagement and the other measuring physical activity capability. Results indicated that MS functional limitation was the strongest predictor of both physical activity engagement and physical activity capability. Physical and social outcome expectations contributed to the model explaining 12% of the variation in physical activity engagement, whereas none of the outcome expectancy dimensions (physical, social, or self-evaluative) contributed to the model explaining variation in physical activity capability. Although analyses of cross-sectional data do not infer causation, these findings suggest that positive physical and social outcome expectations for physical activity are associated with engagement in physical activity as well as being potential sources of motivation for increasing physical activity behavior in individuals living with longstanding MS.

OP0022-HPR Developing an Intervention on the Internet for Health Enhancing Physical Activity Behavior in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patients’ Experiences and Innovations

BackgroundDespite the growing evidence for the benefits of physical activity in the population of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the majority does not meet the recommendations of health enhancing physical activity (HEPA)....

The Role of Outcome Expectations and Self-Efficacy in Explaining Physical Activity Behaviors of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease with few successful interventions available for alleviating symptoms. Physical activity (PA) may aid in alleviating symptoms; however, most individuals with MS are inactive. To promote PA within this population, it is important to identify key theoretical correlates of PA specific to them and then target these in PA interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations in explaining PA. Seventy-six participants completed a baseline questionnaire measuring these variables and a telephone follow-up 1 month later concerning PA behaviors. Regression analyses showed that self-efficacy (β = .41) and outcome expectations (β = .27) directly influenced PA, and that self-efficacy directly influenced outcome expectations (β = .28). Therefore, to promote PA within this population, interventions should target both self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Individuals with MS need to better understand the benefits of PA and how it can alleviate or improve their symptoms.

Continuous glucose monitoring counseling improves physical activity behaviors of individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Aims Despite the known benefits, 60% of individuals with diabetes do not engage in regular physical activity (PA). This pilot study tested the effects of a counseling intervention using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) feedback on PA self-efficacy, PA levels, and physiological variables. Methods Adults ( N = 52) with type 2 diabetes (non-insulin requiring, inactive) were randomized to intervention ( n = 27) or control ( n = 25) groups. Both groups received 90 min of diabetes education with a follow-up phone call 4 weeks later. The intervention group also received counseling derived from self-efficacy theory. This intervention included feedback on each participant's CGMS graph and used role model CGMS graphs to clearly depict glucose reductions in response to PA. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results Participants receiving the intervention had higher self-efficacy scores than the control group for sticking to activity/resisting relapse at 8 weeks ( p < 0.05), indicating more confidence in maintaining a PA program. Intervention group participants light/sedentary activity minutes decreased significantly ( p < 0.05), moderate activity minutes increased significantly ( p < 0.05), and, HbA1c and BMI decreased significantly ( p < 0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that PA counseling interventions using CGMS feedback for individuals with type 2 diabetes may improve PA levels and reduce risk factors for diabetes-related complications.

Symptoms and physical activity behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis

We examined overall and specific symptoms as correlates of physical activity in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Participants (N = 133) completed questionnaires that measured overall symptoms; and specific symptoms of depression, pain, and fatigue; difficulty walking; and physical activity. Initial analyses indicated that higher levels of overall symptoms (r = -.50), fatigue (r = -.26), and difficulty walking (r = -.46) were associated with lower levels of physical activity. Path analysis demonstrated that higher levels of overall symptoms were directly and indirectly associated with lower levels of physical activity; the indirect pathway involved difficulty walking (gamma beta = -.17). Such findings indicate that walking difficulty may partially explain the negative relationship between overall symptoms and physical activity behavior in MS.

Neurological Impairment as Confounder or Moderater of Association Between Symptoms and Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis

The article examines neurological impairment as a possible confounding and moderating influence of the association between symptoms and physical-activity behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study sample included 292 individuals with a definite diagnosis of MS. Participants completed self-report measures of the frequency and intensity of symptoms, wore an accelerometer for 7 days, and completed self-report measures of physical activity and neurological impairment. Data analyses indicated that symptoms had a statistically significant moderate, negative relationship with physical activity (γ = −.48); the relationship between symptoms and physical activity was statistically significant but attenuated when controlling for neurological impairment (β = −.20); and the relationship between symptoms and physical activity was statistically significant and similar in magnitude for those with symptom-based (γ = −.22) versus gait/ambulation-based (γ = −.35) neurological impairment. These findings support the importance of considering neurological impairment as a confounding influence of the association between symptoms and physical activity in people with MS.

Physical Activity Behavior in Individuals With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

This study compared the physical activity levels of individuals with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) with those of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Symptoms, walking ability, and self-efficacy were examined as explanations for the possible difference in physical activity, after controlling for age and time since MS onset. The sample included 41 individuals with SPMS and 82 with RRMS who completed a demographics scale and self-reported measures of physical activity, self-efficacy, symptoms, and walking ability. Individuals with SPMS were older, had a longer time since MS onset, and reported less physical activity and self-efficacy and more frequent symptoms and problems with walking than those with RRMS. Self-efficacy and walking ability accounted for the difference in physical activity between the groups, and self-efficacy was the strongest correlate of physical activity in the SPMS sample. Future researchers should consider developing and testing interventions that target self-efficacy as a modifiable factor within the exercise environment to increase physical activity in people with SPMS.