Phyllanthus Amarus Research Articles

Endogenous hormone alteration during callus and adventitious root formation through thin cell layer culture system in Phyllanthus amarus

Endogenous hormone alteration during callus and adventitious root formation through thin cell layer culture system in Phyllanthus amarus

The ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS

Phyllanthus amarus is a widely recognized plant that has been traditionally utilized to cure a variety of ailments. The current study explored the phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of P. amarus methanol extract. Standard procedures were used to analyze: 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) percentage (%) inhibition, lipid peroxidation % inhibition, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). A higher quantity of the plant extract resulted in a greater inhibition of DPPH and lipid peroxidation percentage. The highest DPPH % inhibition (74.4%) and lipid peroxidation % inhibition (83.44%) were at 0.05 mg/ml while the lowest DPPH % inhibition (25.23%) and lipid peroxidation % inhibition (39.11%) was at 0.03 mg/ml (p < 0.05). The most prevalent compound was flavonoid, with a TFC of 460.22 µg/ml while the TPC was 7.428 µg/ml. Owing to its antioxidant and phytochemical qualities, P. amarus methanol extract may potentially find application in medicine.

Selective Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus amarus Extract against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Background Breast cancer, a malignant tumor, is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy treatments for breast cancer often cause adverse side effects in normal tissues and can lead to treatment failure. Plant-derived natural compounds offer an effective alternative with fewer side effects for cancer patients. Phyllanthus amarus is a medicinal plant widely distributed in China, India, and Brazil and reported to be used for the treatment of various types of cancer. Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer efficacy of methanolic extract of P. amarus against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods We probed the anticancer activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by isolating the methanolic extract of P. amarus leaf extract (MEPA). The standard chemotherapy drug docetaxel is combined with MEPA to increase the drug efficacy. Moreover, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear condensation, and apoptotic activation were investigated in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, the customized PCR array comprising of cell cycle, apoptosis, mTOR, and JAK-STAT-related genes was studied during different MEPA treatments. Results In the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the MEPA and docetaxel combination demonstrated strong cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 45 and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. MEPA and docetaxel together exhibited enhanced alterations in MMP and increased generation of ROS in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the combination of docetaxel with MEPA induces nuclear condensation and apoptotic cell death. During MEPA treatment, the gene expression profiles in MCF-7 cells were accessed. The JAK-STAT, mTOR signaling pathway, apoptosis, and cell growth-related genes were strongly affected by the dose-dependent administration of MEPA. Conclusion This study suggests that MEPA could be a useful alternative treatment for breast cancer. When combined with traditional chemotherapy, MEPA might offer better results with fewer side effects. More in vivo studies are needed to confirm MEPA’s effectiveness in animal models.

Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used in alternative medicine to treat hemorrhoidal diseases in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, Southern Democratic Republic of Congo

BackgroundA variety of medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine in Lubumbashi for the management of hemorrhoidal diseases. However, no investigation has been conducted to gather the knowledge required for this type of management in the region. The present study was conducted to inventory the plants used in Lubumbashi to treat hemorrhoidal diseases and to relate their ethnomedical characteristics.MethodsThis study was conducted between March 2022 and February 2023 by interviews using semi-structured questionnaire with households (n = 1520), herbalists (n = 25), and traditional healers: THs (n = 59).ResultsThe 1,604 respondents (sex ratio M/F = 0.9; mean age: 56 ± 3 years; experience: 12 ± 3 years) provided information on 100 taxa, 84 of which are used against internal hemorrhoids, Phyllanthus amarus being the most cited (Citation Index, CI: 0.76). Most of them are trees (38%) or shrubs (32%), belonging to 90 genera and 45 families dominated by the Fabaceae (10%) and Asteraceae (9%). They are indicated in 76 other pathologies, dominated by gastrointestinal disorders (GID), wounds and sexually transmitted infections (CI > 0.57). From these 100 taxa, 117 anti-hemorrhoidal formulations were derived, 11 of which combined more than one plant. In all these recipes, the leaf is the most commonly used part (> 60%) and the liniment (> 45%) is the most popular form of application. For the first time, this study reports 14 taxa as plants used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Among these taxa, Ficus stuhlmannii, Ficus laurifolia, and Ocimum centraliafricanum are listed as medicinal plants for the first time. Khaya nyasica, and Syzygium cordatum, each with 11 uses, have the highest traditional medicinal value.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that a significant number of medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine in Lubumbashi for the treatment of hemorrhoidal diseases. Some of these plants are endemic to the biodiversity area, while others are shared with other cultures and regions. A series of pharmacological studies is currently underway with the objective of validating the anti-hemorrhoidal properties of these plants and in order to identify phytochemical compounds responsible of this activity.Graphical

Bioactive Compounds in Phyllanthus Amarus Leaf Extract and its Toxicity in the Treatment of Newcastle Disease

Background: Using extracts from medicinal plants to cure sicknesses and enfeebling diseases remains a major practice for traditional healers and medical practitioners. This research aimed to elucidate the significance and potential composition of n-Hexane extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaf and also establish its safety for use in potential medicinal preparations. Methods: Bioactive compounds from an extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaf were used in the treatment of Newcastle Disease (ND) in broiler chickens. It was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and its biosafety effect on selected biochemical markers in chickens was observed. Results: The results showed the presence of over 15 bioactive compounds including phytol, phenol, and vitamin E. The constituents did not have a toxic effect on the selected biochemical markers of the chickens. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Phyllanthus amarus may be considered safe and contains numerous active constituents which could be further explored for probable novel drugs sourced from natural plants for the treatment of animal or human diseases.

The effect of Phyllanthus amarus leaf extract on the lipid profile of gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats

Phyllanthus amarus is a medicinal plant, used in traditional practice for treating diseases like hypertension, liver damage and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to provide a potent therapeutic alternative to conventional drugs in managing liver diseases. Ethanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was investigated for its acclaimed hepatoprotective activity in gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Thirty albino rats weighing 120-150 g were assigned into six groups (I-VI) of five animals each. Rats in group I (control) received distilled water orally. Rats in groups II, III, IV, V and VI were induced with 100 mg/kg of gentamicin for seven days. Groups III-V were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively while group VI was treated with 200 mg/kg bw of silymarin. The lipid profile that relates to hepatotoxicity was assessed using standard methods. The significantly increased serum and liver lipid profile: cholesterol, triglyceride, Low-density lipoprotein and reduced high-density lipoprotein in the untreated animals were attenuated by the extract. Overall, the extract possesses hepatoprotective activity with 200 mg/kg body weight being the most effective dose. The coronary Heart Index (CRI) was not significantly different from the control. Therefore, the ethanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus could be explored in controlling some of the metabolic dysfunctions usually associated with hepatotoxicity.

Morphofunctional efficacy of Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract on semen quality, hormonal profile and gonadal histomorphometric status in Plasmodium berghei-induced mice

The mainstay for malaria treatment is drug, but currently, the treatment is failing and making malaria infection worrisome. The alkaloid extract of the plant Phyllanthus amarus has been demonstrated to possess antimalarial activity. This present study evaluated the changes in semen quality, hormone profile and gonadal histomorphometric features in Berghei-induced mice treated with alkaloid extract of Phyllanthus amarus. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n=6 per group). The first two groups were positive (not infected, not treated) and negative (infected, but not treated) control mice, while the remaining groups (Groups 3–6) were the experimental mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK 65) malaria parasite and respectively treated with standard drug Lonart® DS (20 mg/kg) with 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 225 mg/kg of the Phyllanthus amarus alkaloid extract (PAAE) for 4 days. Then, 10 days later, the animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for biochemical investigation. Testes tissues were harvested for histological assessment and semen samples were collected for analysis using standard procedures and documented methods. Data from our study revealed that Plasmodium berghei malaria-induced infection significantly (p<0.05) increased testicular hormones of testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, semen quality were compromised and the microstructural architecture of the testes were distorted. However, treatments with the graded doses of PAAE protected the gonads, improved semen quality and restored the hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner and in pattern that compared favourably with the mice treated with standard drug of Lonart® DS. Alkaloids of Phyllanthus amarus are promising as antimalarial agent. Therefore, the active antimalarial alkaloid compounds of Phyllanthus amarus should be identified for further study.

Ethnobotanical Study of Antidiabetic Plants and Local Practices in the Treatment of Diabetes in Benin

As an important cultural element, people have used plants for centuries for various purposes. In Benin, the sale of medicinal plants in city markets is a reality that dates back years. To understand the practices in the field, an ethnobotanical survey on plants with antidiabetic properties in the communes of Gogounou, Parakou, Abomey-Calavi and Pobe was carried out during this study against the high prevalence of diabetes in the departments of these towns and the strong animation of the markets surveyed by herbalists. The objective is to determine the plants used in the treatment of diabetes and the related practices. To do this, 120 diabetic patients and 120 herbalists were sampled. The semi-structured interviews carried out with patients and herbalists made it possible to retain a total of 65 medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties grouped into twenty-seven botanical families with the dominance of Apocynaceae (FRC = 18.5%) and Combretaceae (FRC = 11.6 %). The frequency analyzes carried out showed Phyllantus amarus (FRC = 10.22%), Khaya senegalensis (FRC = 9.60%) as the species most cited by herbalists. On the other hand, those supposed to be effective by diabetics are: Phyllanthus amarus, Bridelia ferruginea, Moringa oleifera, Khaya senegalensis, Momordica charantia, and Sarcocephalus latifolius. The majority of the plants listed are microphanerophytes, mesophanerophytes and nanophanerohytes. The leaves are the most used parts. Likewise, a decoction of the leaves is the main method of preparation. However, after a hierarchical classification of the different local practices identified, there is a problem of effectiveness and efficiency of the local practices adapted in the traditional treatment of Diabetes. This is justified by the existence of several preparations, recipes and dosage for the same species. These results constitute a source of information for future research in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology.

Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions Derived from Phyllanthus Amarus Schum and Thonn Aqueous Leaf Extract

Spectroscopic and Antimicrobial Activities of Fractions Derived from Phyllanthus Amarus Schum and Thonn Aqueous Leaf Extract

EVALUATION OF PROXIMATE, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF LEAF, STEM AND ROOT OF BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM AND PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS

Bryophyllum pinnatum and Phyllanthus amarus are plants that have been established to contain bioactive substances for various therapeutic advantages, most importantly their leaves. Information on the other parts of the plant, such as stem and root, is scanty in literature; hence, there is a need to compare the various parts of the plants in terms of proximate composition, phytochemicals, and mineral elements. The results showed that the two plants had the highest amount of carbohydrate (62.09 - 63.98%) and followed in decreasing order of magnitude by protein (16.04 - 17.50%), moisture (10.05 - 10.35%), fibre (3.9 - 4.36%) and ash (3.80 - 4.03%). The fat contents in both plants ranged from 1.09% to 2.03% in Phyllanthus amarus and Bryophyylum pinnate leaves, respectively. Alkaloids (106.97 - 108.46 mg/100g) were highest in all the plants, while steroids (0.11 - 0.17 mg/100g) were lowest. Generally, in both plant parts, the leaf and stem had a higher amount of the foregoing proximate and phytochemicals when compared to the root. Considering the macronutrients, all the plant parts contained the highest amount of potassium (29.04 - 30.03 mg/100g) and the lowest amount of nitrogen (0.25 - 0.27%). Iron (26.3 - 27.7 mg/100g) was the highest among the micronutrients, while copper was the lowest (0.70 - 0.73 mg/100g). The study concluded that both plants showed proximate phytochemicals and mineral nutrients that were unevenly distributed in the various parts of the plant, with the leaf and stem exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the root. Therefore, adequate knowledge of the distribution of these chemical constituents will provide a baseline for the selection of parts to be used for health benefits.

Oxidative stress markers in brain and gonads of rabbit bucks fed herbal supplements

BackgroundCurrently, there is an increase in the usage of phytogenic feed additives to help improve animal welfare and productivity, while less emphasis is now placed on metabolic and oxidative stability of neuronal and testicular tissues. This study aims at investigating the effects of Moringa oleifera, Phyllanthus amarus and Viscum album as feed additives on some metabolic indicators and oxidative status of rabbit testis and brain. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated with 5% supplementation of each of the phytogenic additive to 3 treatment groups and basal diet group.ResultsIt was revealed that moringa, mistletoe, and phyllanthus can modulate oxidative status in both the brain and gonads of rabbit bucks through their unique phytochemical compositions, thereby affecting reproductive and cognitive functions. Moringa, rich in crude protein, saponins, glycosides, and steroids, enhances protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels but increases lipid peroxidation in the testis. Mistletoe, with high crude fiber, ash, and antioxidants like flavonoids and tannins, boosts total antioxidant activity in several brain regions and reduces lipid peroxidation, indicating its potential for reducing oxidative stress. Phyllanthus, having the least fiber and ash but effective antioxidant properties, notably affects the oxidative balance in both the testis and brain, with varied impacts on different tissues. The result obtained showed that total antioxidant activity of the left testis was enhanced (p < 0.05) by inclusion of the phytogenic additives, while total antioxidant activity of the right testis in bucks fed on phytogenic additives were similar (p > 0.05) to bucks on basal diet. Bucks fed on moringa and phyllanthus additives had higher (p < 0.05) testicular lipid peroxidation, lowered testicular protein and/or lactate dehydrogenase. Result also shows that lipid peroxidation of hypothalamus, cerebrum, olfactory lobe and cerebellum were lowest in bucks fed on mistletoe, phyllanthus, phyllanthus and phyllanthus, respectively. High catalase activity of optic lobe, olfactory lobe and cerebellum were observed in bucks fed on mistletoe, moringa and mistletoe, respectively, while glutathione peroxidase activity in hypothalamus, cerebrum, olfactory lobe and pineal was enhanced (p < 0.05) in bucks fed on moringa and mistletoe compared to bucks on other treatment.ConclusionM. oleifera, P. amarus and V. album leaves as phytogenic feed additives in rabbit diets have negative effect on the metabolic activity of the testis, enhancing antioxidant activity in the brain.

Study of Subacute Toxicity in Wistar Rats Challenged with Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn

Phyllanthus amarus, a widely used plant in complementary and alternative medicine practice in Southern Nigeria, is used in treating and managing numerous metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study is designed to assess the subacute toxicity of P. amarus in Wistar rats using body and relative organ weight, renal function, in-vivo antioxidant status and organ histology indices as a baseline. The twenty adult male rats weighing 120.00 ± 6.18 g were apportioned into four groups with five rats per group. Group A (Control) received 1.0 mL of distilled water, group B received 1000 mg/kg group C received 1500 mg/kg and group D received 2000 mg/kg body weight of the crude ethanol extract. The extract from P. amarus was administered orally once daily at 8:30 am using an oral cannula attached to a 2 mL syringe. Subacute toxicity was evaluated after 14 days. The findings showed no visible and noticeable overt signs of toxicity throughout the experimental period, non-significant adverse change in body and relative organ weight, renal function and organ histopathology of the rats in the treated and control groups. However, P. amarus significantly improved in-vivo antioxidant status while significantly reducing the level of malondialdehyde, a biological indicator of oxidative stress in the living system.

Documentation On Medicinal Plants of Khanapur Forest Bidar District, Karnataka

The present study was undertaken to document medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district, karnataka the documentation of medicinal plants helps to recognize the overall ecological conditions and gives profound understanding of the economic medicinal and traditional importance of medicinal plants diversity. The present research documentation work was started in November 2023 and completed in February 2024. The present study reported that 119 Medicinal plant species belongs to 54 families distributed in Khanapur forest Bidar included angiosperms Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Abrus precatorius, Ephedra, Withania sominifera, Catharanthus roseus, Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus, allium sativum, Cocos nucifera, Coleus aromaticus, Curcuma longa, Martynia annua, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia chebula,Tithonia diversifolia, Acalypha indica, Brassica juncea, Clitoria ternatea, Datura metal, Delonix elata, Euphorbia antiquorum, Luffa acutangula, Madhuca longifolia, Myristica fragrans, Santalum album and Vitex negundo are some of the important medicinal plants of Khanapur forest Bidar district of karnataka.

Documentation On Medicinal Plants of Deva Deva Vana Botanical Garden of Bidar District, Karnataka

The present study was undertaken to document medicinal plants of Deva Deva vana Botanical garden of Bidar district, karnataka. Deva Deva vana literally means ‘Forest of divine/celestial beings’ A Botanical garden maintained by the Forest department around 6 km from Bidar – Hyderabad Highway. It is home to around 200 medicinal plants and trees, and considered sacred. It is divided into around 10 gardens and a nursery which is classified according to a particular theme like Nandana vana, Ashoka vana, Navagraha vana, Rock Garden, shiva panchayath vana, Phala pushpa vana,..etc the documentation of medicinal plants helps to recognize the overall ecological conditions, conservation and gives profound understanding of the economic medicinal and traditional importance of medicinal plants diversity. The present research documentation work was started in February 2023 and completed in June 2024. The present study reported that 147 Medicinal plant species belongs to 64 families distributed and conserved in Deva Deva vana Botanical garden Bidar included angiosperms Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Abrus precatorius, Ephedra, Withania sominifera, Catharanthus roseus, Tinospora cardifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus amarus, allium sativum, Cocos nucifera, Coleus aromaticus, Curcuma longa, Martynia annua, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tamarindus indica, Terminalia chebula,Tithonia diversifolia, Acalypha indica, Brassica juncea, Clitoria ternatea, Datura metal, Delonix elata, Euphorbia antiquorum, Luffa acutangula, Madhuca longifolia, Myristica fragrans, Santalum album and Vitex negundo are some of the important medicinal plants of Deva Deva vana Botanical garden Bidar district of karnataka.

Effects of Polyphenols and Lignans of Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn. on IL-1β and TNF-α Secretions from LPS-induced THP-1-derived Macrophages

Background: Phyllanthus amarus exhibited immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects in several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, there is no report on the inhibitory effects of its secondary metabolites on pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from human THP-1-derived macrophages. background: Phyllanthus amarus exhibited immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects in several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, there is no report on the inhibitory effects of its secondary metabolites on pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from human THP-1-derived macrophages. Objective: The objective of this study was to correlate the polyphenols (ellagic acid (EA), gallic acid (GA), geraniin (GER), and corilagin (COR)) and lignans ((phyllanthin (PHY), hypophyllanthin (HYPO), niranthin (NIR), phyltetralin (PHYLT), and isolintetralin (ISO)) of 80% ethanol extract of P. amarus with their inhibitory effect against IL-1β and TNF-α secretions from LPS-induced THP-1- derived macrophages. Methods: Chemical profiling of P. amarus was carried out by LC-MS/MS analysis. Validated qualitative and quantitative reversed-phase HPLC analyses of the P. amarus extract were performed for the determination of lignan and polyphenol contents. Human THP-1-derived macrophages were prepared by treatment of THP-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The inhibition of cytokines released by the extract, lignans and polyphenols in the cells was investigated using ELISA assay. method: Chemical profiling of P. amarus was carried out by LC-MS/MS analysis. Validated qualitative and quantitative reversed phase HPLC analyses of the P. amarus extract were performed for determination of lignan and polyphenol contents. Human THP-1 derived macrophages were prepared by treatment of THP-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The inhibition of cytokines release by the extract, lignans and polyphenols in the cells were investigated using ELISA assay. Results: P. amarus extract and its chemical constituents significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose of 50 μM, COR exhibited a maximum inhibition of 81.11% on TNF-α secretion, while GER showed 72.56% inhibition on IL-1β secretion. COR demonstrated the strongest inhibition of TNF-α secretion, exhibiting an IC50 value of 9.06 μM, which was comparable to that of dexamethasone (7.07 μM). Meanwhile, GER was the most potent against IL- 1β secretion, exhibiting an IC50 value of 20.09 μM. In the case of TNF-α secretion, the order of potency observed among the active compounds, with regard to IC50 value, was COR &gt; GER &gt; HYPO &gt; PHY &gt; NIR &gt; GA &gt; EA &gt;ISO &gt; PHYLT. For IL-1β secretion, the order of potency was GER &gt; NIR &gt; COR &gt; GA &gt; EA &gt; PHY &gt; HYPO &gt; PHYLT &gt; 1SO. Conclusion: The polyphenol contents of P. amarus, especially COR and GER, contributed significantly to the suppression of cytokines secretion, and they have the potential to be developed into agents for the treatment of pathologic inflammation.

Phyllanthus Amarus Mitigates against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Locomotion Posture and Coordination Impairment in Male Wistar Rats

Phyllanthus Amarus Mitigates against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Locomotion Posture and Coordination Impairment in Male Wistar Rats

Phyllanthus Amarus Mitigates against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Locomotion Posture and Coordination Impairment in Male Wistar Rats

Phyllanthus Amarus Mitigates against Potassium Dichromate-Induced Locomotion Posture and Coordination Impairment in Male Wistar Rats

Stimulatory Effects of Phyllanthus amarus Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematobiochemical Activity, Antioxidative Status and Immune Response of Clarias gariepinus

This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus amarus extracts and its influence on the performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. The fish were fed diets containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g P. amarus methanol extract (PAE) / kg basal diet for 84 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. At the end of the 84-day feeding trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, after which immune response parameters were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at p&lt;0.05. The results showed significant antibacterial activity of PAE against A. hydrophila, and its application at 0.5-1.5 g significantly promoted growth performance, with the highest at 1.0 g. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and lymphocytes were enhanced at 0.5-1.5 g PAE. All the fishes fed PAE-supplemented diets had lower concentrations of serum liver enzymes; while the values of creatinine, glucose and total bilirubin did not differ among the treatments. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, lysozyme, phagocytic and respiratory burst activities increased in all PAE-fortified treatments, with highest fish survival in 1.0 g PAE treatment. Therefore, the inclusion of 1.0 g Phyllanthus amarus extract is recommended as a dietary supplement for Clarias gariepinus.

Bioguided Fractionation of Phyllanthus spp.: Unveiling Anticancer Potential through Metabolomic Correlation and ADMETox Insights.

Cancer remains a significant global health concern, with mortality rates steadily rising and prompting an urgent search for effective treatments. This study focuses on the medicinal properties of plants from the Phyllanthus genus, specifically Phyllanthus amarus and Phyllanthus niruri, which have shown promise in traditional medicine. Through bioguided fractionation using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), bioactive compounds were isolated and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MSE) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chemometric analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA) aided in understanding metabolite distribution. Biological assays demonstrated cytotoxic activities of specific fractions against cancer cell lines, notably the PhyN 4n fraction from P. niruri, which induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HL60 cells. These findings underscore the anticancer potential of Phyllanthus species and lay the groundwork for future drug development efforts. The study's integration of advanced analytical techniques, chemometrics, and biological assays provides valuable insights for harnessing natural products in the fight against cancer.

Knowledge and practices of traditional management of child malnutrition and associated pathologies in Benin

BackgroundChild malnutrition is a major public health challenge, affecting millions of children worldwide, with alarming proportions of children under five in Benin. The complexity of managing this condition is increased by its potential association with opportunistic pathologies. An interesting approach arises from the use of medicinal plants, to address child malnutrition and its associated pathologies. This study aimed to document the knowledge and practices of Beninese mothers and traditional practitioners with regard to the use of medicinal plants to treat child malnutrition and associated diseases.MethodsA total of 844 Beninese mothers and 201 traditional healers were surveyed between March 2022 and August 2023 in the communes of Karimama, Bopa and Za-Kpota in Benin. The respondents’ knowledge of child malnutrition and associated pathologies was explored. The ethnobotanical data collected from the subjects concerned the medicinal recipes used to treat child malnutrition, the medicinal plants that make them up and the methods of use. These data were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices such as the Informant Consensus Factor, the frequency of citation of medicinal recipes types and medicinal plants, and the contribution of plants to medicinal recipes.ResultsAll respondents cited a total of 82 plant species used to treat child malnutrition and associated diseases. These plants were grouped into 37 botanical families, the most common of which were Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Annonaceae. The leaves were the most commonly used part of the plant species identified. The mothers shared 122 medicinal recipes, ranging from recipes based on a single plant to more complex compositions involving five plants. The most notable plants were Moringa oleifera Lam, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach & Thonn, Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Carica papaya L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Traditional healers provided 52 plants in 71 recipes, with Moringa oleifera featuring prominently in both single-plant and multiplant formulations.ConclusionThis study made it possible to constitute a rich base of medicinal recipes used against malnutrition and associated pathologies, with the preponderant involvement of certain plant species. It is therefore necessary to deepen research on these different identified species in order to scientifically assess their potential.