Photovoltaic Thermal Compound Parabolic Concentrator Research Articles

Energy matrices, enviro-economic and characteristic equation-based performance analyses of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) coupled solar still equipped with heat exchanger using SWCNTs and MWCNTs–water nanofluids

In this paper, effect of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)- water based nanofluid have been studied to examine the performance, long-term feasibility andenviro-enviro-economic analysis of partially covered series connected N- photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors coupled double slope solar still (DSSS) equipped with helically coiled heat exchanger (HE). Analysis have been carried out by developing thermal modelling of the proposed system. Instantaneous gain and loss efficiencies; annual thermal energy/exergy, and productivity – is investigated for optimized parameters of the proposed system in detail. Gain efficiency of the proposed system is found to be approximately 25-30% higher using CNT-NPs as compared to the system without using NPs. Annual thermal energy and exergy of CNTs, particularly SWCNTs water-based nanofluid (thermal energy- 2491.55 kWh, thermal exergy-894.67 kWh) have been found to be greater in comparison to basefluid (thermal energy -2185.76 kWh, thermal exergy-772.18 kWh). Also, results give higher value of CO2 mitigation using CNT-NPs both on the basis of energy (SWCNT-5.082t, MWCNT-4.787t) and exergy (SWCNT-1.83t, MWCNT-1.76t) respectively. SWCNT-NPs shows better performance due to their better TPPs; also PVT-CPC collector integrated DSSS equipped with HE is more viable practically.

Enviroeconomic analysis of a hybrid active solar desalination system using nanoparticles

The water crisis is the focus of this work, and there is a dire need to develop eco-friendly and self-sustainable water supply units. This study performed an economic and enviroeconomic analysis of N identical photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors with double-slope solar desalination units with a heat exchanger using water-based aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. In this analytical study, a program was fed into the Matlab environment, and the analysis was monitored on an annual basis in New Delhi, India. The Indian Metrological Department in Pune, India, provided the input data necessary for the mathematical procedure. From the year-round solar energy, yield and energy production were calculated. The economic, environmental and energy-related performance of the system was assessed, and it was compared with those of previous systems. Additionally, based on annual and lifespans of 15, 20 and 30 years, it was discovered that there is an 8.5% greater yield, 7.31% greater annual energy, 3.9 and 2.85% less carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation/t energy and 5.17% greater annual productivity, carbon dioxide credit respectively. Based on energy, environmental and economic factors, it was determined that the suggested system was superior to alternative systems.

An estimation of bio-methane generation from photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated fixed dome biogas digester

An estimation of bio-methane generation from photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated fixed dome biogas digester

A Comparative Study of Active Solo and Dual Inclined Compound Parabolic Concentrator Collector Solar Stills Based on Exergoeconomic and Enviroeconomic

Abstract: The Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) is a uniform photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound linked to solar photos (N) of water collectors called PVT-CPC Active Solar Filtration System Analysis. New Delhi Analysis is done for a solar filter system for a given particle size under weather conditions. We assess efficiency, system productivity, and life cycle cost analysis. The Thermal Model Life cycle cost efficiency (LCCE), designed for LCCE analysis, is considered the only and double-doubled effective PVT-CPC system for filtering solar energy recovery time. In this work, we need to analyze the appropriate points of the collector and extract the bulk of the system. Tests were performed on dual-solar and dual-inclined PVT-CPC operating systems with a single basin size and a water depth of 0.14 m, with yield on yearly basis, factor of energy payback, and efficiency of life cycle cost conversion analysis of 5.0%, 12.63%. Moreover, 22.21% is two times higher than the solo inclined system. In addition, the water return, one PVT-CPC, and two turns have been found to have a recovery time (EPT) with an interest rate of 5%. The solar filter system is 10.89% and 17.99% higher than the solo inclined photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator activated solar filter system, respectively. The above analysis concluded, we can confirm that the two bends are better than the active PVT-CPC system for solar filtering, which is the only inclination of the depth of 0.14 m in water based on daily based analysis. If depth of water 0.14 m is more significant, for basin size provided the performance of one inline is improved and is better than curved solar-powered filtering systems. The upgraded system lasts longer and can meet potable water and DC electricity on sunny commercial days.

Effect of Series and Parallel Combination of Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors on the Performances of Integrated Active Solar Still

Abstract In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. The analysis is based on the basic energy balance equation of the proposed active solar distillation system. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series (case (i)). Furthermore, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel (case (iv)). For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Furthermore, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collectors on daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy has also been carried out. Following additional conclusions have also been drawn: (i) The daily yield of the proposed active solar still decreases with the increase of packing factor of semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) module for a given water depth and electrical energy and overall exergy increase with water depth for case (i) as expected due to low operating temperature range at higher water depth in the basin. (ii) The daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy increase with the increase of water depth for all combination of series and parallel arrangement of PVT-CPC collectors for a packing factor of 0.22 as per our expectation.

Parametric studies of PVT-CPC active conical solar still

This research gives an explanation that has been made to establish a model (thermal) that has operating solar still that have condensing cover in conical shape for the suggested photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator. This model is completely depending on simplified equation of energy balance of each and every element of the suggested structure. A sensitive parametric investigation to check performance of the photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator operating solar still of conical shape in form of climatic and design specification has been studied. The numerical simulations have been performed by using MATLAB for month of March in climate of New Delhi. There are various parameters that affects the packing factor of photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator, absorptivity of basin liner and depth of basin of water on suggested operating solar still performance have been explored in details. From the results and discussion, it is found that the output on daily basis of the proposed system is inversely proportional to depth of water basin and directly proportional to absorptivity of basin liner.

Analytical study of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator active double slope solar distiller with a helical coiled heat exchanger using CuO nanoparticles

Analytical study of photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator active double slope solar distiller with a helical coiled heat exchanger using CuO nanoparticles

Thermal modelling of PVT-CPC integrated vapour absorption refrigeration system

In this paper, the single effect vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system is integrated with fully covered semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector. The thermal model of this integrated system has been obtained under constant mass flow rate mode of the collector. The thermal model is based on the basic energy balance of each component of the integrated system in terms of design and climatic parameters. Also, solar coefficient of performance (SCOP), refrigeration coefficient of performance (RCOP) and exergy coefficient of performance (ECOP) have been evaluated for the proposed integrated system. The numerical simulation have been performed for the climatic conditions of capital city of INDIA (i.e. New Delhi) with the help of MATLAB R2015a. From the results and discussion, it is found that PVT-CPC integrated with VAR system is most suitable for the self-sustained operation up to five hours for a typical day of summer month of New Delhi.

Sensitivity Analysis of N Undistinguishable Photovoltaic Thermal Compound-Parabolic-Concentrator Collectors (Partly Covered, 50%) Integrated Single-Slope Solar Distiller Unit

Abstract In the current research, the sensitivity analysis of N alike in parts covered photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit is performed and examined. The analysis is done using computational programming in matlab (month: May and location: New Delhi). The parametric values of potable water and DC electric power outputs have been figured for different values of mass flow rate (MFR), number of collectors (N), packing factor (PF), and water depth (WD). Elaborative observations says that the value of potable water output declines and DC electric power output increases with the increase in MFR for the considered values of N, PF, and WD. Also the values of DC electric power increases by 81.63% if packing factor is increased from 0.4 to 0.6 for the considered values of MFR, N, and WD. Based on the results of all the analysis, sensible and effective conclusions are made.

Annual overall energy and exergy analysis of N-PVT-CPC integrated VAR system: a constant collection temperature mode

This paper deals with detailed thermal modelling of N number of series-connected photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector integrated with lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H2O)-based single-effect vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system. The analysis of this novel integrated system has been carried out for constant collection temperature of the fluid that passes through the N-PVT-CPC collectors. The numerical simulations were performed on a typical clear day of May month for the climatic condition of New Delhi on MATLAB. From the present findings, it is concluded that the operation of the proposed system operating at To = 90°C is most suitable in respect of the higher duration of time and cooling effect and self-sustained up to six hours for a typical clear day of May month of New Delhi. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between N-PVT-CPC and N-PVT-FPC integrated VAR system has been presented on the basis of annual energy and exergy analysis.

Thermal and electrical performance evaluation of photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator integrated fixed dome biogas plant

Based on energy balance equation for photo-voltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) integrated bio-gas plant, an analytical expression for slurry, absorber plate and solar cell temperature has been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Effect of number of PVT-CPC collectors, packing factor, mass flow rate, etc. on optimum slurry temperature for Indian climatic condition has been studied. Further, the thermal and electrical analysis of proposed system has also been carried out. Based on numerical computation for cold climatic condition of Srinagar, India, and for given mass flow rate in collector loop, the slurry temperature increases significantly with increasing in number of collectors as expected. Packing factor of photo-voltaic thermal (PVT) system plays an important role in optimization of thermal and electrical power output for efficient operation of biogas plant.

Effect of number of collectors (N) on life cycle conversion efficiency of single slope solar desalination unit coupled with N identical partly covered compound parabolic concentrator collectors

In this paper, the effect of number of collectors on the life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) of a single slope solar desalination unit (SSSDU) coupled with N alike partly covered photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator collectors (PVTCPCs) has been communicated. The analysis has been carried out for an archetypal day of July and December for the atmospheric situation of New Delhi with the help of analytical program fed in MATLAB. The average value of energy output for type a weather condition has been taken to find the annual energy output. The input data required for the numerical computations have been taken from IMD, Pune, India. It has been observed that the value of LCCE increases with the raise in the value of number of collectors.

Modeling self-sustainable fully-covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators connected to double slope solar distiller

Modeling self-sustainable fully-covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators connected to double slope solar distiller

Thermodynamic analysis of Organic Rankine cycle driven by reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator system

In current study, an effort is made to improve the overall performance of the solar powered organic Rankine system to meet increasing energy demand and mitigate the resulting menace caused by environmental imbalance. Hourly performance evaluation of Solar powered Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system is done for varying concentration ratio in terms of collector output temperature, heat gain in evaporator, combined thermal and exergetic efficiency. The Heptane/R245fa is used as working fluid at fixed (0.1/0.9) fractional mass component. Organic Rankine system is coupled with reversed absorber hybrid photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (PVTCPC). The highest collector outlet temperature 125.45 °C, heat gain 3.21 × 105 W, combined thermal efficiency 7.8%, and exergetic efficiency 14.38% is observed at 13:00 h for 6 concentration ratio of the concentrator. This study establishes the utility of low-grade renewable heat source conversion into solar electrification, solar irrigation, solar cooling and solar water purification.

Exergy analysis of N-photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) collector for constant collection temperature for vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) system

In the present paper, the operating parameters of N-fully covered semitransparent photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector for constant collection temperature mode have been analyzed on the basis of an overall exergy analysis. The proposed system for a given design and climatic parameters will be applicable to the vapor absorption refrigeration system. The analyses are based on basic energy balance of each components, namely, solar cell, absorber plate, concentrator, flowing fluid, etc. Numerical computations have been carried out for New Delhi climatic condition by using MATLAB R2015a. The performance of the proposed system has also been compared with the performance of photovoltaic thermal-flat plate collector (PVT-FPC), conventional flat plate-compound parabolic concentrator (FPC-CPC) and conventional flat plate collector (FPC). Following conclusions have been made:(i)An overall exergy of N-fully covered semitransparent PVT-CPC system decreases with the increase in constant collection temperature,(ii)An overall thermal energy of N-fully covered semitransparent PVT-CPC system increases with the decrease in packing factor (βc) and.(iii)PVT-CPC and PVT-FPC with fully covered semitransparent are self-sustained collectors to be used for vapor absorption refrigeration system.The proposed system will be most appropriate for vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) systems.

Development of characteristic equations for PVT-CPC active solar distillation system

This paper deals with the development of analytical characteristic equation for N identical fully covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound parabolic concentrator collector (CPC) integrated solar distillation system which is similar to Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation of flat plate collector (FPC). The partially covered PVT has disadvantages like (a) thermal performance is lower due to higher top loss coefficient, (b) maintenance is higher and (c) fabrication is expensive. These problems are fully addressed in the case of fully covered PVT for the same watt peak. The development of analytical characteristic equation for the proposed system consists of writing energy balance equations for its various components. The results of proposed N-PVT-CPC integrated active solar distillation system [case (i)] has been compared with fully covered N identical PVT-FPC integrated solar distillation system [case (ii)] and conventional N identical FPC active solar distillation system [case (iii)]. It has been observed that average instantaneous efficiency of case (i) is higher than case (ii) by 10.60%, but lower than case (iii) by 20.74%.

Effect of cooling condensing cover on the performance of N-identical photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator active solar still: a comparative study

In this work, photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrators (PVT-CPC) are integrated to a single slope solar still (SS-SS) through a heat exchanger placed in the basin. A continuous water flow is provided over the condensing cover of SS-SS for yield enhancement. An effect of cooling condensing cover on energy and exergy analysis (thermal and electrical) together with the production cost of distilled water (₹/kg) has been studied for the following three cases: (I) the proposed partially covered photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (PVT-CPC-SS-SS), (II) fully covered thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (PVT-CPC-SS-SS), and (III) flat plate thermal-compound parabolic concentrator single slope solar still (FPC-CPC-SS-SS). Design parameters have been optimized for maximum distillate output (energy) and exergy on annual performance basis. Moreover, higher daily yield (37.9 kg) is obtained for case (iii). In addition, higher electrical module efficiency (13%) is obtained for case (ii) for the month of January when the solar cell temperature is 55 °C at the optimized conditions. However, the proposed system gives daily yield (35.78 kg) and generates electricity at module efficiency of 12%. The energy payback time of the proposed system is estimated to be 2 years.

Outdoor Performance Analysis of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector with Jet Impingement and Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC).

This paper discusses the effect of jet impingement of water on a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector and compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) on electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and power production of a PVT system. A prototype of a PVT solar water collector installed with a jet impingement and CPC has been designed, fabricated and experimentally investigated. The efficiency of the system can be improved by using jet impingement of water to decrease the temperature of the solar cells. The electrical efficiency and power output are directly correlated with the mass flow rate. The results show that electrical efficiency was improved by 7% when using CPC and jet impingement cooling in a PVT solar collector at 1:00 p.m. (solar irradiance of 1050 W/m2 and an ambient temperature of 33.5 °C). It can also be seen that the power output improved by 36% when using jet impingement cooling with CPC, and 20% without CPC in the photovoltaic (PV) module at 1:30 p.m. The short-circuit current ISC of the PV module experienced an improvement of ~28% when using jet impingement cooling with CPC, and 11.7% without CPC. The output of the PV module was enhanced by 31% when using jet impingement cooling with CPC, and 16% without CPC.

Analytical Characteristic Equation of N Identical Evacuated Tubular Collectors Integrated Double Slope Solar Still

In this paper, analytical expression for characteristic equation of double slope solar still (DS) included with series connected N identical evacuated tubular collectors (N-ETC-DS) has been developed. The derivation is based on fundamental energy balance equations for various components of the proposed system. The analytical result of the proposed N-ETC-DS has been compared with results reported by earlier researchers for the same basin area under similar climatic condition. It has been concluded that daily energy efficiency is higher by 23.90%, 26.45%, and 42.65% for N-ETC-DS than N identical partially covered photovoltaic thermal (PVT) compound parabolic concentrator collectors (CPC) integrated double slope solar still, N identical partially covered PVT flat plate collectors (FPC) integrated double slope solar still, and conventional double slope solar still (CDS), respectively, at 0.14 m water depth under optimized condition. Moreover, daily yield, exergy, energy and exergy efficiency have been computed.

Review on series connected photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems: Analytical and experimental studies

The solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most promising and fastest growing renewable energy technologies which will play a primary role for electricity production in future. Photovoltaic thermal systems or renewable energy systems (RE) on harvesting an ample source of (solar) energy are the viable option (economically and environmentally) for various applications in developing and under developing countries. In recent times, intensive research work has been performed on RE systems to improve their performance in order to preserve the limited fossil fuels. Aim of the present review is to explore the assess of energy and economic performance of various RE systems viz. N photovoltaic thermal flat plate collector (N-PVT-FPC) (water and air), N photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC) water collector, N-PVT-FPC solar still, PVT greenhouse dryer, and building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BiPVT) (rooftop and façade) system. The thermal modeling of all these RE systems have been carried out and simulated to investigate their performance for the requirement of overall primary energy (thermal and electrical energy). Also, different solar cell technologies and recent techniques to improve solar thermal systems have been highlighted. It has been observed that SPV integrated solar thermal systems are self-sustained and more economical in rural sectors.