Photovoltaic System Technologies Research Articles

Hardware-in-the-Loop Emulation of a SEPIC Multiplier Converter in a Photovoltaic System

This article presents the development and execution of a Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter (SEPIC) multiplier within a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) emulation environment tailored for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the dSPACE 1104 platform, this work establishes a dynamic data exchange mechanism between a variable voltage power supply and the SEPIC multiplier converter, enhancing the efficiency of solar energy harnessing. The proposed emulation model was crafted to simulate real-world solar energy capture, facilitating the evaluation of control strategies under laboratory conditions. By emulating realistic operational scenarios, this approach significantly accelerates the innovation cycle for PV system technologies, enabling faster validation and refinement of emerging solutions. The SEPIC multiplier converter is a new topology based on the traditional SEPIC with the capability of producing a larger output voltage in a scalable manner. This initiative sets a new benchmark for conducting PV system research, offering a blend of precision and flexibility in testing supervisory strategies, thereby streamlining the path toward technological advancements in solar energy utilization.

A Review on Next-Generation Solar Solutions: Pioneering Materials and Designs for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

As an essential initial step towards clean and sustainable energy, this research focuses on innovative materials and structural designs for maximizing solar energy conversion and harvesting. Modern solar thermal and photovoltaic system technologies and supplies are examined to show how alternative electricity has become less expensive and more sustainable. The primary focus is on complex ideas like multiple junctions and tandem solar cells, which increase the efficiency of single-junction systems. The review paper investigates innovative solar power storage solutions, involving battery technology and energy storage materials, to meet the increasing need for secure and easily available sources of clean energy. The research paper explores the technology and uses of flat plate collectors, tube collectors, and solar power plants and how those are used in residential and commercial solar thermal systems. Solar energy conversion efficiency and sustainability will improve with innovations in materials and architecture. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is one of the easiest solar system architectures that can be integrated into any residential or commercial building. Quantum dot solar cells, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy frameworks, such as CIGS thin-film solar cells, and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Organic photovoltaics are portable and lightweight but have a low energy conversion rate, whereas quantum dot solar cells have a high energy conversion rate but face fabrication challenges.

Sustainability Performance Evaluation of Solar Panels Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques

Researchers from all around the world had worked tirelessly to find ways to lower the cost of solar panels, create more efficient new goods, boost their fuel efficiency, and create innovations and largely dependent on photovoltaic system technology. When compared to other forms of non-conventional energy, such as wind and tidal, solar has been one of the most widely employed resources. To harness the power of the sun using photovoltaics, one needs a photovoltaic system. Research into improving the cost-effectiveness of solar panels, which play a crucial part in photovoltaic systems, is a global endeavour. The process of choosing solar panels is nuanced, encompassing a wide range of subjective and objective considerations. To choose the best solar cell for a PV array, we use the VIKOR (VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) techniques. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a resemblance to ideal result ordering technique, the study’s goals were satisfied. VIKOR and other MCDM tools like the AHP and TOPSIS are used to rank candidates in terms of performance. An in-depth case study was conducted using six different kinds of solar panels to show how well the approaches work.

Benefit Optimization and Energy - Economy Environmental Analysis of Solar Rooftop Photovoltaic System at Industrial Segment in Indonesia

This study aims to compare 4 scenarios of solar rooftop photovoltaic system technology that is used in the industrial segment in two different locations in Indonesia. Comparisons were made using energy, economic and environmental analysis methods and continued with optimization using linear programming methods. The results of the study show that scenario 2 solar photovoltaic system can produce more electrical energy and CO2 that can be reduced than in the other scenarios. While scenario 4 solar photovoltaic system is a scenario with better economic value and optimal benefits value than the other scenarios.

Techno-economic evaluation of two 42 kWp polycrystalline-Si and CIS thin-film based PV rooftop systems in Pakistan

Grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming very common in commercial as well as domestic settings due to a) lowering of PV system prices and b) increased emphasis on reducing CO2 emissions for electricity production. Polycrystalline-silicon (p-Si) modules are most commonly used for these PV systems due to mature technology and lower module costs. Newer thin-film module technologies such as amorphous Si (a-Si), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) and Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) are also increasing their market share due to performance gains in high-temperature environments. This paper conducts a techno-economic analysis of p-Si and CIS systems under similar ratings and environmental settings (irradiance, temperature, rainfall, and dust). The case study simulates electricity production from two 42 kWp PV systems and compares the simulated results with one year measured data of the deployed systems at Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan. Results show that CIS is a better choice from performance ratio perspective as its annual energy production is higher than p-Si. However, p-Si has a better levelized cost of electricity which makes this technology a more viable commercial solution in Pakistan. Furthermore, the area required to implement the p-Si system is significantly lower than the CIS based systems making it more attractive for areas with space constraints. The insights developed in this work can aid PV designers in the optimized selection of a rooftop PV system technology.

Electrically Operated Multipurpose Trolley

Present paper deals with design and fabrication of industrial trolley which can be used to transfer luggage or items from one place to another place. A trolley nowadays are important for transferring different items from place to place in our daily life or even in working life as per the requirement. We can see trollies in shopping mall, airport and industries for handling the goods. In the airport, passengers use trollies to transfer their luggage till the check in counters. Sometimes they face higher weight issues at the check in, making them pay the excess baggage charge or dispose of few important items thereof only. This creates an uncomfortable and awkward situation at the check in. And if the passenger is an old age or senior citizen it’s really a very panic situation. Additionally, a survey based on a prepared questionnaire carried out at Muscat airport revealed the need for substantial improvements in the present trollies in terms of comfort in luggage handling, loading and unloading of the luggage and the need for weight of the luggage at the time of loading itself. Furthermore, many food and kitchen industries use trollies to receive and transfer the goods items to the store after weighing them. The Arduino based electronically operated steerable trolley developed here aims to address few of these key issues by measuring the weight of the items directly from the trolley with easy movement by electrical power from battery. The trolley has been designed using AUTOCAD and stress analysis of the structure has also been performed using CREO V3. The fabrication is completed as per the design and tested for its performance. The testing performed on the trolley shown that for the maximum load of 90 kg including the passenger weight, the time taken by the trolley to travel on a smooth horizontal airport surface for covering a distance of 10 m with full and half rated speed of motor is 7 seconds and 9.6 seconds only respectively. The trolley was also successfully tested for elevated slope at the Muscat airport requiring additional 25 seconds more at the full rated speed at maximum loading condition of 90 kg. Additionally the trolley provides few added benefits such as charging of smart devices by using photovoltaic system technology and sliding platform for easy loading and unloading of the goods. The future work includes use of lighter aluminum alloy material along with use of solar panels for operation of the trolley.

Improving transparency in dye-sensitized nanostructured solar cells by optimizing nano-porous titanium dioxide photo-electrode

Today’s the technology based on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has an important role in all photovoltaic system technologies. DSSCs can generate electricity with various degrees of transparency; this makes it suitable for use in various industries, especially in construction industry as smart windows. In fact DSSC can produce electricity and having natural light, simultaneously. It is obvious that DSSCs need to absorb solar radiation as much as possible. Since, the effective use of all incident lights leads to an increase in cell efficiency and this increase in efficiency is related to the amount of dye adsorbed on the surface of nanostructured electrode, so higher amount of dye for higher efficiency tends to the reduction of transparency of the cell. This paper has been attempted to investigate the relationship between these two parameters of transparency and efficiency for DSSCs by maintaining the cell stability in a long-term time interval. The results showed that the thickness of the nano-porous titanium dioxide film and the size of its nanoparticles have an important role as the photo-anode due to the absorption of the dye molecules in the DSSCs. Using the smallest size of TiO2 nano-particles in the anatase phase, and optimizing the TiO2 layer thickness by adding terpineol solvent in it, the stability of the DSSC is improved exceedingly and the level of transparency increased from 30.43 to 46.5% with maintaining the efficiency of the 3.2%. Besides, we used a new two-step method to fabricate higher performance cells and the efficiency increased to 3.78 with saving its 46.5% transparency. Results indicate that other parameters like using different electrolytes and different deposition methods of platinum counter electrode have lower effects in this optimization compared to the photo-anode effect.

Comparative Performance Investigation Between Photovoltaic Systems from two Different Cities

The present paper is an evaluation of two grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, the first combined system installed on the roof of Tetouan's faculty with a rate power of 5.4 kWp, and the second system located in the roof of a commercial building in Tangier with a rate power of 5 kWp. This study demonstrates that the efficiency of the three main PV system technologies: Monocrystalline (mc-Si), polycrystalline silicon (p-Si) and amorphous (a-Si), combined is better than the use of p-Si technology. The study is based on real climate data recorded from January to December 2015.

Short‐term performance variations of different photovoltaic system technologies under the humid subtropical climate of Kanpur in India

The study discusses the short-term performance variations of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in Kanpur, India. The analysis presents a holistic view of the performance variations of three PV array technologies [multi-crystalline (multi-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide and amorphous silicon] and two inverter types (high-frequency transformer and low-frequency transformer). The analysis considers the DC–AC conversion efficiency of the inverter, system performance through performance ratio (PR) calculations, energy variations between fixed and tracking systems and the comparison between calculated and simulated data for the examined period. The energy output difference between the tracking and fixed systems of the same PV technology show that these are dependent on differences in temperature coefficient, shading and other system related issues. The PR analysis shows the effect of temperature on the multi-Si system. The difference between the simulated and measured values of the systems was mostly attributed to the irradiance differences. Regarding the inverter evaluation, the results showed that both inverter types underperformed in terms of the conversion efficiency compared with nameplate values.

The Summary of Related Technologies in PV System

At present years, the photovoltaic industry has a rapid development. The research of related technologies also has made tremendous progress. The photovoltaic power generation system includes the solar array, controller, batteries, inverter, electricity load, etc. In this paper, combining with domestic and foreign research status quo, respectively summarizes four aspects of photovoltaic system technology, the maximum power point tracking, DC converter, inverter and islanding detection.

太陽光発電の開発と展望

太陽光発電の開発と展望

Photovoltaic systems

An overview of photovoltaic (PV) systems is presented, including a discussion of major US and international activities. After a brief review of system types and output characteristics, various system configurations are discussed and a classification based on photovoltaic (PV) system rating is provided. Modeling, design, and economic considerations are briefly discussed. Synopses of typical operating systems in the US, Japan, and selected European countries are included. The worldwide status of PV system technology is discussed with a view to assessing its future. The assessment presented includes some specific areas for further research and development. Although no major technical barriers are evident for the entry of PV, as the level of penetration increases, several key issues identified will need further consideration. It is concluded that while photovoltaics is still evolving and has not reached its full potential, its rate of growth may depend on several exogenous factors such as cost of conventional energy sources and people's desire to improve the global environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A new approach to optimum sizing and in-orbit utilization of spacecraft photovoltaic power systems

This paper presents a systems approach to optimization of the size and orbital life of photovoltaic systems via minimizing the nighttime energy demand while maximizing the daytime energy consumption. The Day-Night Management of Load (DANMOE) strategy calls for sizing the system to a pre-selected day/night average load power ratio and operating the spacecraft in orbit within the day and night capacity capability, rather than the conventional single orbital average power capability. Examples for the Space Station and the telecommunication satellites show that the reduction in their specific masses can be substantial using any of the photovoltaic system technologies. The DANMOE scheme may also be used effectively to extend the life of batteries on currently orbiting satellites, and hence prolong their lifetime. The paper also discusses other benefits at the spacecraft level and the method of implementing the DANMOE approach.

Photovoltaic power systems for rural areas of developing countries

Photovoltaic (PV) applications for rural areas of developing countries are discussed in relation to PV system technology, reliability and present and projected cost. The information presented is derived mainly from NASA Lewis Research Center experience with PV systems deployed with a variety of users for applications relevant to developing countries. A detailed description of two village power systems is included. Energy cost comparisons are presented for PV systems versus alternative energy sources. On the basis are presented for PV systems versus alternative energy sources. On the basis of present PV system technology, reliability and cost it is concluded that photovoltaics provide a realistic energy option for developing countries in both the near and long term.