Performance Of Photovoltaic Panels Research Articles

Research on a New Maximum Power Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems

INTRODUCTION: Significant advances have been made in photovoltaic (PV) systems, resulting in the development of new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods. The output of PV systems is heavily influenced by the varying performance of solar-facing PV panels under different weather conditions. Partial shading (PS) conditions pose additional challenges, leading to multiple peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) curve and reduced output power. Therefore, controlling MPPT under partial shading conditions is a complex task. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to introduce a novel MMPT algorithm based on the ant colony incorporated bald eagle search optimization (AC-BESO) method to enhance the efficiency of PV systems. METHODS: The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT algorithm was established through a series of experiments using MATLAB software, tested under various levels of solar irradiance. RESULTS: Compared to existing methods, the proposed AC-BESO algorithm stands out for its simplicity in implementation and reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, its tracking performance surpasses that of conventional methods, as validated through comparative analyses. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the efficacy of the AC-BESO method over traditional strategies. It serves as a framework for selecting an MPPT approach when designing PV systems.

Improving Solar PV System Performance with DC-DC Converters with MPPT Technique in Real-Time Simulation

A Photo Voltaic (PV) system turns Solar Energy (SE) into electricity that needs efficient converter topology. One significant obstacle associated with solar systems is the fluctuation in energy production from solar PV modules due to meteorological factors like temperature and irradiance. The advancement of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms has enhanced the effectiveness of solar panels. Implementing an effective operational control approach may optimize the performance of PV panels, while utilizing proper semiconductor materials can maximize the efficiency of converters. This work introduces a MPPT method based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PV system performs with optimal efficiency when it is near the IV curve, where it produces the highest amount of electricity due to its non-linear voltage-current characteristics. The power output is determined by the degree of irradiance and the temperature of the cells, resulting in the maximum achievable power output. The conditions vary according on the season, time of day, and environmental factors. Rapid variations in light can occur due to factors like clouds. Thus, it is imperative to precisely monitor the maximum power point (MPP) in all settings to optimize power generation. This study proposes a method to optimize the power output of a PV system by integrating MPPT with a DC-DC energy converter. This approach ensures that the PV generator operates at its maximum power level, irrespective of external factors such as sunshine intensity and temperature. MPPT algorithms exhibit variations in their implementation and performance, with a range of MPPT control algorithms being accessible. The P&O algorithms are widely used due to their ability to regulate the MPP of PV panels. The method is validated in real-time using Typhoon Hill Simulation.

Performance of photovoltaic panels with different inclinations under uniform thermal loading

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) panels with different tilt angles in building envelopes or roofs is widely employed for environmental sustainability. However, little is known about the influence of different tilt angles on the thermal failure of the photovoltaic façades or roofs in fire conditions. A total of 15 four-edge shielded PV panels (300 × 300 × 4.7 mm3), with five different inclinations of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, were heated to fail using a uniform radiant panel. Measurements were taken to track glass thermal breakage, surface temperatures, incident heat flux and failure characteristics. The glass fracture and pyrolysis of the internal thermoplastic materials were observed under thermal radiation. The average breakage time of glass in PV panels showed an increasing trend with increasing inclination of the PV panels. Moreover, when the PV panels were tilted beyond 30°, the time to failure increased more significantly. The maximum temperature difference and heat flux that the PV panels can withstand were primarily measured within the range of 61–84 °C and 8–15 kW/m2, respectively. Finally, the test results were simulated by a finite element method (FEM) model, calculating the heat transfer and thermal stress of PV panels: the average errors concerning temperature distributions and failure times were smaller than 15 % compared with the experimental results.

A model for effect of partial shading on PV panels with experimental validation

This paper aims to develop and validate an empirical model to quantify the impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) panel performance. Partial shading, a significant challenge in solar power generation, can drastically reduce energy output, yet predicting its effects remains difficult using conventional models. This study introduces a methodology that models partial shading as an equivalent reduction in solar insolation across the entire panel. The model was derived from empirical data gathered under various shading scenarios, and curve-fitting techniques were employed to establish an empirical relationship between shading patterns and power loss. The proposed model was experimentally validated on a rooftop PV system in Bengaluru, India, and demonstrated precise predictions of power loss under different partial shading conditions. The framework presented can be adapted to accommodate location-specific variables, providing a versatile tool for evaluating and optimizing PV system performance in partially shaded urban environments.

Performance evaluation of PV configurations considering degradation rate and hot spots

<p>The rapid emergence and evolution of renewable energy sources such as solar energy has become a vital component of the global effort to meet the energy needs of the future. The major concerns for continuous solar photovoltaic (PV) generation are degradation rate, hot spots. These factors lead to the negative impact on PV mismatch losses, fill factor, maximum power and efficiency. To improve the performance of PV system, the simplest solution is PV panel configuration hence in this paper spider web tie (SWT) based PV Panel configuration in proposed. The proposed configuration is implemented on KC200GT PV Panel of 5×5 size PV panels considering degradation rate, hot spot. The performance of SWT configuration is compared with series-parallel (SP), bridge-link (BL), triple tied (TT), and photovoltaic (PV) panel configurations and performance parameters such as Vmp, Imp, Pmp, Voc, Isc. FF, ∆Pml, and η are calculated in all the cases. In all the cases the proposed SWT configuration exhibited the improved performance.</p>

Thermal management enhancement of photovoltaic panels using phase change material heat sinks with various T-shaped fins

A numerical simulation of the heat dissipation performance in photovoltaic (PV) cells with phase change material (PCM) for cooling is performed by COMSOL Multiphysics. A comparative analysis of two T-shaped fin designs in PCM heat sinks is conducted to evaluate their impact on the cooling performance of PV panels. The findings indicate that a 180° T-shaped fin design substantially outperforms a cavity without fin design, reducing the PV cell average temperature by up to 15.1 K and enhancing electrical efficiency by 1.36 %. Further optimization of distal fin distance and secondary length reveals that temperature uniformity and photovoltaic efficiency can be improved, achieving a maximum electrical efficiency increase of 1.40 % and a temperature uniformity enhancement of 71.0 %. Detailed analysis underscores the critical role of the distal fin distance (Scheme 1) in temperature control and PCM convection, highlighting its importance in the design process. In contrast, numerical results of the alternative fin layout (Scheme 2) reveal its unsuitability for PV cooling applications.

Investigating the influence of nanofluid on photovoltaic-thermal systems concerning photovoltaic panel performance

Solar energy has much promise to replace the planet's finite supply of fossil fuels as it is sustainable and eco-friendly. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are one example of the proper technology that may transform solar energy into electrical energy. On the other hand, high temperatures may reduce photovoltaic cells' ability to produce power efficiently. As a result, a study was carried out to use the PV/T (Photovoltaic Thermal) collector system and evaluate the effects of CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids as cooling agents on the performance and operating temperature of PV panels. In Surakarta, Indonesia, an experimental study was conducted with nanoparticle concentrations of 0.2 vol% and a flow rate of 3 L/m at an intensity of radiation of 1000 W/m2. The results showed that, in comparison to uncooled PV panels, employing CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids in the PV/T system resulted in temperature reductions of 18.84 °C, 18.12 °C, and 17.62 °C, respectively. Moreover, measurements of the electrical efficiency produced by PV and PV/T panels using CuO, TiO2, and Al2O3 nanofluids showed that the respective values were 10.98%, 13.92%, 13.65%, and 13.39%. This study contributes to the development of solar energy technology by demonstrating the potential of nanofluid-based cooling devices to improve solar panel performance in hot conditions.

Impact of dust and temperature on photovoltaic panel performance: A model-based approach to determine optimal cleaning frequency

Enhancing the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems is of paramount importance, given their expanding role in sustainable energy production, carbon emissions reduction, and supporting industrial growth. However, PV panels commonly encounter issues that significantly impact their performance. Specifically, the accumulation of dust and the rise in internal temperature lead to a drop in energy production efficiency. The primary issue addressed in this paper is using mathematical modeling to determine the optimal cleaning frequency. This paper first focuses on stochastic modeling for dust accumulation and temperature changes in PV panels, considering varying environmental conditions and proposing a model-based approach to determine the optimal cleaning frequency. Dust accumulation is described using a Non-homogeneous compound Poisson process (NHCPP), while temperature evolution is modeled using Markov chains. Within this framework, we consider the impact of wind speed and rainfall on dust accumulation and temperature. These factors, treated as covariates, are modeled using a two-dimensional time-continuous Markov chain with a finite state space. A Condition-based cleaning policy is proposed and assessed based on the degradation model. Optimal preventive cleaning thresholds and cleaning frequency (periodic and non-periodic) are determined to minimize the long-term average maintenance cost. The gain achieved by non-periodic inspections compared to periodic inspections ranges from 3.83% to 9.37%. Numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed cleaning policy, highlighting its potential to improve PV system efficiency and reliability.

Advanced particle swarm optimization for efficient and fast global maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions

Partial shading (PS) is a common issue in photovoltaic systems (PVs), and it can significantly reduce the system's output power. This paper presents the advanced particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm. APSO is designed to alleviate the challenges posed by PS in PVs in from where of effectiveness and stability speed so that it works to achieve and maintain the global maximum power point (GMPP) under PS conditions. It leverages persistent variables to store and track system states and iterations; it also includes checks to ensure that the duty cycle remains within specified bounds facilitating more effective optimization. Additionally, APSO optimizes solar panel duty cycles and velocities to converge toward an optimal solution to improve overall power generation efficiency and settling time. The results evaluation involves testing the performance of photovoltaic panels under three different shading scenarios and comparative analysis against recent Heuristic-optimization-based GMPP techniques, this study and comparative analyses demonstrate APSO's effectiveness and superiority in terms of high efficiency that reaches 99.85% and fast settling time of GMPP at less than 0.01 second across all test cases. APSO presents a promising solution for maximizing PV power output in the presence of partial shading.

Enhancing Photovoltaic Panel Performance through Hybrid Nanoparticle Cooling: A Study on Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids

Enhancing Photovoltaic Panel Performance through Hybrid Nanoparticle Cooling: A Study on Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids

The Effect of Dust Accumulation on Photovoltaic (PV) Panel Surface in Politeknik Mersing, Johor, Malaysia

Abstract: One of the initiatives aiming at supporting green technology sustainability education in the Politeknik Mersing is the generation of power using renewable energy sources like solar. Considered as more efficient and able to meet current power needs of the community, the generation of electricity from limitless green energy sources is Dust accumulation on the photovoltaic (PV) panel surface has been one of the main environmental elements influencing the declining sun irradiation since Politeknik Mersing located in a tropical rainforest and coastal location. Moreover, in humid environments the accumulation of dust forms mud and contamination on the PV panel surface, which subsequently reduces the relative power efficiency of PV by up to 30%. Therefore, the study has been carried out to investigate the effects of dust accumulation on PV panel surfaces on the amount of output power generated by the PV system. While the lowest relative performance of 69.6% occurred at a 30° tilt angle, the best relative performance of 97% was obtained at a 0° tilt angle during peak solar hours. The relative power efficiency was used to analyse the performance of PV panels under clean and dusty conditions since there was no pyranometer to measure solar irradiation. Several tilt angles (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°) were assessed in order to situate the panel optimally with respect to the latitude of the location and peak solar hours (10:00 am, 11:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 1:00 pm). The performance of the PV system was evaluated using total output power that is derived from open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc). Results showed that dust accumulation affects the efficiency of PV panels thus necessitating effective maintenance strategies within such environments.

Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Panel Performance in India's Tropical Climate: An Experimental Study on the Influential Effects of Optical Filters

<p>Due to the increasing global energy demand and consequent climate change from burning fossil fuels, researchers are getting more focused on renewable energies as a potential solution to the world's energy problems. Solar energy is a prominent form of sustainable energy. The solar photovoltaic power generation system’s electrical performance is negatively influenced by several factors, including the impact of solar irradiance, incident angle, temperature, dust accumulation on the top of the solar cell, cracks in the solar panel, shadowing, shunt resistance, solar cell materials, load mismatch, maintenance and cleaning schedule, spectral mismatch loss, and cable loss. The direct environmental factors that have the biggest impact on efficiency are the effects of sun irradiance and temperature. This empirical investigation examined the impact of optical filters on the electrical efficiency of a 40W polycrystalline solar PV panel in India while considering real-time ambient conditions. Through the utilization of an optical filter, the solar PV panel's temperature is diminished, hence enhancing the output power of the solar panel. Based on the experimental findings, the utilization of a transparent plexiglass sheet equipped with a coolant system installed on the solar panels leads to a drop in the average operating temperature of the solar PV module by up to 6°C. Additionally, the output power is enhanced by up to 10W in comparison to the reference solar panel’s output performance.</p>

Cooling the future: Peltier thermoelectric solutions for photovoltaic panels

The integration of thermoelectric-generator (TEG) systems into photovoltaic (PV) generators is examined in this paper. Temperature increases have a detrimental effect on PV panel efficiency, which reduces power output. When testing solar modules at a temperature of 25°C (STC), heat can reduce output efficiency by 10–25%. In order to solve this problem, Peltier modules are used to reduce PV-cell temperature. This improves the longevity, power capacity, and efficiency of the system. An IoT platform transmits the gathered data to deliver real-time feedback. According to the investigation, installing a reliable cooling system dramatically lowers the temperature of the PV panels, with noticeable temperature declines seen in situations with cooling systems as opposed to those without. Conditions with cooling systems, such as B2, B3, and B4, showed substantial percentage temperature decreases, ranging from roughly 38.3% to 39.2%, 20.8% to 24.6%, and 36.4% to 36.8%, respectively. These results underline how crucial it is to establish effective cooling systems for the best PV panel performance. B2 also has the best cooling performance, with the resulting 4.5% power savings. Superior cooling effectiveness, increased thermal management, are all demonstrated by the configuration of connecting 4-TEG Peltier modules in a 2 × 2 series-parallel-configuration with a heat-sink.

An experimental study on determination of optimal tilt and orientation angles in photovoltaic systems

This paper determines the most suitable azimuth and tilt angles for photovoltaic (PV) panels to generate electricity from solar energy. Literature reviews typically focus on maximizing radiation values on fixed panels. However, this study identifies the optimal position for maximizing the total radiation falling on PV panels with varying azimuth and tilt angles. An experimental setup is established to measure solar radiation, power, and temperature data. The electrical energy, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current produced by the PV panels are measured and recorded simultaneously. The performance of PV panels at different azimuths and tilts on power output is examined and compared. Experimental results have indicated that panel tilt and azimuth angles significantly impact power generation, currents, and fill factor. Based on the theoretical and experimental results obtained, the optimal tilt angle on the horizontal plane for Konya province, Türkiye, is determined to be 32.08°, with the most suitable azimuth angle being 0°. This article could serve as a suitable guide for finding the optimal tilt angle for similar locations in the future.

Investigating the performance of photovoltaic panels using optical water spectral splitting filter: An experimental and computational analysis

Investigating the performance of photovoltaic panels using optical water spectral splitting filter: An experimental and computational analysis

Enhancing PV solar panel efficiency through integration with a passive Multi-layered PCMs cooling system: A numerical study

Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells are at the forefront of sustainable electricity generation technologies, yet they exhibit relatively low efficiency. Typically, less than 20 % of the solar energy absorbed is converted into electrical energy, with the remainder converts into heat. This heat increases the PV panel's operating temperature, negatively impacting its efficiency and life expectancy. To mitigate this, a novel approach using multi-layered phase change materials (PCMs) has been examined in this study. The approach involves integrating organic PCMs (OPCMs) with metallic PCMs (MPCMs), enhancing PV panel cooling efficiency by attaching the multi-layer PCM to the panel's rear. This study, employing ANSYS FLUENT software's solidification and melting model, explores the impact of multi PCM layers thickness and total multi layers thickness on PV cell temperature and electrical efficiency. The analysis reveals that a multi-layered PCMs configuration with a thickness ratio of 15:85 between MPCM (CERROLOW-117® alloy) and OPCM (RT44) significantly decreases temperature rise in PV cells, resulting in a temperature drop of 59.6 °C. This improvement boosts PV panel performance by an average of 35.8 % compared to panels lacking cooling systems during peak sun hours under hot climate conditions characterized by ambient temperatures of 40 °C and high solar radiation exceeding 1000 W/m². This suggests that a carefully optimized PCM layering approach could markedly improve PV system efficiency, offering a practical solution to the overheating problem and extending the operational life of PV installations.

Evaluation of the Impact of Temperature on the Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Panels Installed on Various Roofing Sheets

The performance and efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules are usually rated under standard test conditions (STC). However, PV modules operate over a wide range of environmental conditions at the field, which are further affected by the method of installation, especially when it comes to roof-mount systems, as different roofing materials are used for roofing houses and solar modules are mounted on them directly. In this study the effect of temperature on the output performance of photovoltaic modules mounted on four different roofing materials (stone coated, long span aluminum, corrugated zinc and short span aluminum) is investigated. Solar panels are separately installed directly on, and then elevated over, different types of roofing sheets. Results show that module installed directly on stone coated roofing material had an overall output performance of 89.52% followed by short span, long span aluminum, and corrugated zinc roofing materials with performances of 89.40%, 89.32%, and 85.54%, respectively. For the elevated set up, the same modules showed improved output performances of 96.16%, 90.30%, 89.30% and 87.84% for stone coated, long span, short span aluminum and corrugated zinc, respectively. The best output performance by the elevated stone coated roof type may be attributed to the fact that the roofing material absorbs nearly all the solar radiation thereby reflecting very little radiation back on the module. The converse is also true for the corrugated zinc material, which had the least output performance. Modules mounted directly on the roof show a strong correlation between the roof and module temperatures with the corrugated zinc roofing sheet showing the strongest correlation with a coefficient of 0.980 while for modules elevated above the rooftop the stone coated roofing sheet showed the strongest correlation with a coefficient of 0.888. For optimum performance, it is recommended that panels mounted on rooftops be elevated above the roof.

Enhancing photovoltaic panel efficiency with innovative cooling Technologies: An experimental approach

The increase in photovoltaic panel temperature brought on by solar radiation absorption lowers performance, power output, energy efficiency, and panel longevity (a rise in temperature of just one degree causes power drop of 0.41 %). In an effort to alleviate this problem, this thorough study multiple novel cooling strategies to enhance solar system efficiency, especially photovoltaic panels in Egyptian climates remote areas. The three main routines for photovoltaic panel cooling are contingent on the following techniques: (1) evaporative cooling using marble, (2) evaporative cooling using palm fibers with fan-assisted airflow, and (3) thermoelectric cooler modules. These materials that used in the studied system as coolants are characterized by, abundant local availability in nature and low cost, especially in Egypt. Every method has been designed with a control system. According to the study, starting the cooling process at the greatest temperature that is permitted—45 °C—produces the maximum energy output from photovoltaic panels while balancing the need for cooling and energy production. Using these cooling methods causes the average temperature to be lowered by 16, 11.62, and 9.8 degrees Celsius for thermoelectric, marble, and palm fiber cooling respectively while the voltage output is enhanced by 2.58, 0.94, and 0.7 V. The recorded values indicate 4.59 %, 3.95 %, 2.15 % increase in photovoltaic panel exit power and 25.29 %, 15.79 %, and 15.1 % increase in photovoltaic panel energy conversion efficiency when thermoelectric, marble, and palm fibers cooler modules are used, respectively. This study is a priceless resource for scholars looking to improve photovoltaic panel performance by executing efficient cooling strategies with annual costs 0.017, 0.02, 0.026, and 0.024 $/kWh and payback periods 1.69, 2.07, 2.71, and 2.48 years for reference panel, marble cooling panel, palm fiber cooling pane, and thermoelectric cooling panel respectively.

Enhancing photovoltaic solar panel performance with integration of PCM-based spectral filter and self-cleaning coating

This research investigates the enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) solar panel performance through the application of a paraffin-based spectral splitter. The study aims to improve electrical efficiency and thermal management while mitigating dust deposition effects. A paraffin (RT25) spectral filter is placed above the glass layer of the PV panel, coupled with a ZnO-water nanofluid-filled mini-channel for cooling at the panel's bottom. Optical properties, derived from previous experimental work, are incorporated into simulations. Self-cleaning SiO2 nanoparticle coating is proposed to improve transmissivity of upper glass. Fresnel lens is used to intensify irradiation at two concentration ratios (CR). Three-dimensional simulations integrating source terms based on optical analysis were conducted. Key findings include a decrease in panel temperature (TPV) due to partial irradiation absorption by the spectral filter, leading to lower heat flux to the cooling zone. The spectral filter increased electrical efficiency (ηPV) by 11.28 % and 38.63 % at 20 and 40 min, respectively. The presence of the filter and coatings significantly improved temperature uniformity, with improvements of 68.77 % and 50.35 % at 10 and 40 min, respectively. Increasing CR resulted in a 2.95 % and 83.31 % rise in filter temperature (TPCM) and liquid fraction (LF), with a minor 1.56 % decrease in efficiency. At CR = 2, in the presence of the spectral filter, ηPV decreases by 38.62 %, accounting for dust effects, while it increases by 21.83 % with adding coating. The research highlights the potential of spectral filters and innovative coatings to enhance PV panel performance, offering a novel approach to sustainable and efficient solar energy systems.

The Influence of Environmental Factors on a Photovoltaic Panel–PVsyst Simulation

Renewable energy sources and the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are predicted to play a very important role in attaining the climate neutrality by the half of this century. The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the looming threat of climate change have intensified the global pursuit of renewable energy sources as a viable alternative. The positive aspect of using renewable energy sources is that this kind of resources can easily supply the worlds energy needs. Despite the fact that we cannot capture all this energy, harnessing less than 0.02 % would be enough to cover all the necessary energy needs. Obstacles to expanding solar power generation involve the substantial cost of manufacturing solar cells and the dependency on weather conditions. The efficiency and performance of photovoltaic panels are inherently tied to environmental variables, prominently including climate factors. This article investigates the intricate relationship between climatic conditions and photovoltaic panel yields, offering crucial insights for optimizing the solar energy generations. It has been analysed the impact of environmental factors such as ambient temperature, wind speed and air humidity above the yield of photovoltaic panels. For each environmental factor, the variable conditions were simulated to highlight their correlation with positive or negative effect they have on the yield of a photovoltaic panel. By perusing this material, readers can develop a comprehensive grasp of how the environment conditions can influence the production of electricity using the photoelectric effect. Leveraging empirical data and simulation models using the PVsyst software, the analysis discerns regional variations and seasonal fluctuations in photovoltaic panels yields according to diverse climatic factors regimes.