Photovoltaic Geographical Information System Research Articles

Investigating the optimal Photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle using the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS)

This work presents an investigation of the optimal tilt angles for mounting pv panels in South –South and South - East States in Nigeria when no tracking system exists using the photovoltaic geographic information system (PVGIS). Experiments were carried out to verify results obtained from the PVGIS database. The experimental set up consist of five PV panels each rated 10Watts inclined at five different angles including the optimal angle obtained from the PVGIS database. South-South Nigeria consists of six states (Rivers, Delta, Bayelsa, Edo, Cross-Rivers and Akwa-Ibom). South-East Nigeria consists of five states (Abia, Enugu, Imo, Ebonyi and Anambra). The optimal installation angle of selected cities within each of the States was identified. Results from experiments conducted showed that from January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (11o for Port Harcourt, 12o for Yenagoa, 11o for Benin City, 10o for Calabar, 11o for Asaba and 10o for Uyo) is suitable for use in the South – South while from January to April and September to December, the yearly optimal tilt angle (10o for Umuahia, 11o for Awka, 12o for Enugu, 10o for Owerri, and 11o for Abakaliki) is suitable for use in the South – East. The horizontal plane (0o ) is suitable from May to August in both South – South and South – Eastern States. The untapped solar potential in the South – South was observed to be as high as 286.62kWh/m2 for Port Harcourt and a low value of 19.34kWh/m2 was recorded in Calabar when solar panels are not installed at the optimal angles. For the South –East, the untapped solar potential was observed to be as high as 222.11kWh/m2 for Umuahia and a lowest value of 21.31kWh/m2 was also recorded in Umuahia when solar panels were not installed at the optimal angles. Installing PV panels at the optimal tilt angle can improve the efficiency of solar energy generation, making it more cost-effective by maximizing the total amount of diffused and direct radiation.

Efficiency analysis of fixed and axis tracking options of photovoltaic systems to be installed in a marina

Electricity consumption is an important cost in businesses operating in the service sector such as marinas. Although the use of solar power for electricity has become widespread in various fields in Türkiye, marinas have yet to fully utilize this technology. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of supplying the electricity needs of a marina with a photovoltaic (PV) system. For this purpose, a marina in Muğla (Bodrum) was selected, and monthly/yearly electricity needs were determined. In this study, the PV installed capacity needed to meet the marina's electricity demand was selected. Simulations were performed for three different options using the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS). According to the calculations, a 2012 kW single-axis tracking PV system generated 4,469,618 kWh/year of electricity, which is sufficient to meet the annual electricity demand. It has been determined that the installation cost payback period is 3.91 years for the single-axis tracking PV system. In addition, it was observed that both the dual-axis tracking and single-axis tracking PV systems were more efficient than the fixed options.

Mathematical Prediction of Electrical Solar Energy Based on Solar Data for Two Main Cities of Chad: Mongo in the Centre and Pala in the South of Chad

The comparative study of the solar powers between two main cities of Chad is performed in the present work, the city of Mongo in the Centre and that of Pala in the South, with an aim of knowing which one of the two cities is more adequate for an installation of the solar power station, taking into account the regional climatic and environmental conditions of both cities. To do this, the graphical statistical analysis of long-term solar irradiance data and temperature is performed. The data used is that of the decade (2010-2020), based on solar radiation data handed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PGIS) for Mongo in the centre and Pala in the south of Chad. The shape of the mean monthly irradiation has been plotted and has been approximated using the sinusoidal function through the mean square analysis. The temperature data has been also obtained by the same process and plotted versus irradiance in order to find the adequate mathematical relationship between them. For the statistical analysis, the maximum entropy principle has been used. As results, it is found that the maximum irradiance is obtained in March, which are 226.26kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for Pala and 219.355kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for Mongo, while the minimum irradiances are obtained in August, which are 151.67kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for Pala and 158.9kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for Mongo. The temperature data is also obtained and the mean monthly data plotted, showing that apart for the months of March and April, the the shapes of irradiation and temperatures are similar for both sites. Then it is found that the frequency and probability density distributions reach their maximum at the same dates.

Sustainable solar energy development in Zakho, Iraq: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

This study presents a solar energy roadmap aimed at attracting investors to capitalize on the abundant solar resources in Zakho, Iraq, for clean energy technology. The objective is to mitigate global warming effects caused by fossil fuel combustion and promote sustainable technological development. To end this, the study employs RETScreen Expert software to validate the techno-economic and environmental viability of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system utilizing climatic data from the Astronaut Office Information System (NASA) Database. Additionally, the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) modeling method determines optimal angles for installing residential rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) systems across selected locations. Results indicate that all selected locations are suitable for solar photovoltaic projects, with Rezgari identified as the optimal district due to its highest annual solar radiation of 1863.117 kWh/m2 and the highest annual electricity production at 7905.38 kWh. The capacity factor (CF) values fall within the range of 17.395-17.574%. The study reveals an annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction ranging from 6.9876 to 7.1123 (tCO2) across four districts. Considering the financial and environmental indicators, Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems emerge as a sustainable and efficient solution to enhance the environment and prove economically viable in Zakho City.

Yıllık PV enerji üretiminin tahmini için sistem modeli ve programın tasarımı: karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma

Suitability evaluation of a location for power generation plant installation requires long-term measurements and calculations. Since the energy production values foreseen in the project process of the solar power plant directly affect the return period of the project cost, it is of great importance to make the calculations correctly. In this study, a model and program were designed to find the closest estimation values. Energy production values are estimated for 54 kWh solar power plant (SPP) in Balikesir using designed model. It is important that the SPP consists of two groups with different angles, directions and capacities in terms of comparing the accuracy of the calculation. The developed model used the hourly meteorological data and catalog values to Energy production calculations. The model allows making calculations for all the angles of the sun and the characteristic data of the system. The developed program was compared with energy production results of PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) programs. As a result of analysis, it has been observed that more realistic and closer results were produced by means of the designed program. The advantage of this program is that more parameters of the photovoltaic (PV) system can be monitored compared to the other programs.

Simulation of the Photovoltaic System Capacity to Power the Electrical Vehicles under Tropical Climate of Surabaya, Indonesia

This paper presents a simulation study of a photovoltaic capacity to power electrical vehicle under the tropical climate of Surabaya, Indonesia. The study aims to investigate the feasibility of using solar panels as the main energy source for electrical vehicle in a tropical region, where solar radiation is abundant but often accompanied by high temperatures and humidity. The simulation model was developed using “Photovoltaic Geographical Information System” software, which integrates a mathematical model of the photovoltaic panel. The simulation was carried out over a period of one year, with weather data from simulation database. Given that electric cars have an average energy consumption of about 0.15 kWh/km, the daily electrical energy needed falls within the range of 6.0 to 7.5 kWh. Analyzing the specific data on the output energy of photovoltaic systems in Surabaya reveals that a photovoltaic system capacity of approximately 1.7 to 2.0 kWp is required to fulfill this daily energy demand.

Assessment of Typical Meteorological Year Data in Photovoltaic Geographical Information System 5.2, Based on Reanalysis and Ground Station Data from 147 European Weather Stations

The Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) is a web application that provides free access to solar radiation and temperature data, typical meteorological year (TMY) data, and to photovoltaic performance assessment tools for any place in most parts of the world. The PVGIS was originally developed over 20 years ago, and since then, it has been under continuous development. At present, there are two versions of the PVGIS online—the older version 5.1 and the newest version 5.2. PVGIS 5.2 includes substantial improvements compared to the previous version, e.g., the update of the underlying data sets both in terms of quality, resolution, and geographical coverage and the extension of the time period used. This paper focuses on comparing the TMYs (and more specifically the TMY time series of air temperature), coming from both PVGIS 5.1 and 5.2, with the TMY produced on the basis of ground station meteorological data and with the ground station data itself. The results show that whereas overall the errors and biases for most locations are within the expected range (mean stationRMSE 4.27), these differences increase in places with complicated topography, e.g., in the Alps (maximum stationRMSE 9.50).

An Assessment of Solar Micro-Grid System in the Islands of Bangladesh for Sustainable Energy Access

The isolated islands in the northern Bay of Bengal face difficulties accessing electricity from the central grid and use fossil fuel-based generators, which causes health risks, environmental damage, and high expenses. So, this study aims to replace these fossil fuel-based power sources with Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) microgrids to provide continuous power to remote islands and contribute to reducing emissions. A specific location on the island of Manpura is selected for the SPV plant installation, considering land availability and vulnerability to erosion. Solar power density and other technical parameters such as Direct Normal Irradiation, Global Horizontal Irradiation, Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation, Global Tilted Irradiation, the optimum tilt angle of Photovoltaic (PV) modules, air temperature, and terrain elevation are analyzed using some prominent online analytical tools named “Global Solar Atlas (GSA)”, “Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS)” etc. Based on these datasets, a 10kW ground-mounted PV system using monocrystalline silicon solar panels is designed for off-grid operation. The developed system can generate 14.808 MWh of energy per year. This design’s environmental and social impacts are critically analyzed considering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Compared with conventional energy sources, the results show that the 10kW microgrid SPV system can reduce CO2 emissions by 284 tons. Financial analysis shows the recovery period of the investment based on electricity production at around 8.8 years, making solar PV microgrids a viable option for remote areas like Manpura Island.

Theoretical Study of The Determination of Optimal Tilt Angle of a Solar Collector Case Study: Mataram – Nusa Tenggara Barat

The performance of solar energy based apparatus in various locations is inseparable from the determination of the orientation direction and tilt angle. This study aims to determine an optimal tilt angle in Mataram city area. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System from European Commission (online) was used as the database to obtain global radiation and monthly average diffusion radiation on the horizontal surface with locus coordinates at Latitude/Longitude: -8.583°/116,107° South Latitude. That data was then processed mathematically using Microsoft Excel software. As the result, for the application of solar-based apparatus with a fixed structural configuration throughout the year, the optimal tilt angle (β) was 15° with the orientation facing north, and it was estimated that total solar radiation received throughout the year on average was 115,195 MJ/m2.

Optimal control of a grid-connected photovoltaic agricultural water pumping system

Optimization of water pumping systems has been studied using various techniques which include classical, mathematical, and heuristics. Few studies have explored use of optimal controllers in agricultural water pumping applications. Some studies also ignore the interconnection between the water demand and energy used. Introduction of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) necessitates different geographical studies as the intensity of the renewable energy varies widely with location. In this paper, an optimal controller for a batteryless grid-connected photovoltaic system to power water supply system for irrigation purposes was developed. The aim was to minimize the operational cost of grid energy by maximizing utilization of photovoltaic power and minimizing the utilization of grid power. A case study was done at a farm in Kajiado (−1.6033257^{circ } latitude and 36.7863352^{circ } longitude). The farm photovoltaic, grid power, water pumps (underground and booster pump), and storage tanks were modelled into a binary linear programming optimization problem and solved using intlinprog solver on MATLAB. Energy demand data was collected using a three-phase power logger, while water demand data was collected using onsite water meter and stopwatch timer. Photovoltaic power produced was estimated using Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS). Simulation results obtained show that the use of an optimal controller results in reduced cost of energy by 44.4%. Better utilization of renewable photovoltaic energy by 24% was observed, and 3.6% more water was pumped.

Photovoltaic Power Prediction Using Analytical Models and Homer-Pro: Investigation of Results Reliability

This paper aims to develop an analytical model for the prediction of the electricity produced in a Photovoltaic Power Station (PVS). In this context, the developed mathematical model is implemented in a Simulink Model. The obtained simulation results are compared to the experimental data, the results obtained from the software Homer-Pro model, and the results given by the online PV calculator (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System), developed by the European commission. The comparison results show the reliability of the developed analytical model for specific months of the year. However, an error of 10% between simulations and experimental results is observed for July and August. This error is mainly due to the effects of humidity and dust that were not considered in the analytical model. Nevertheless, the monthly and yearly produced electricity values show the robustness of the proposed model to predict the PVS generated power. The developed model will be used as a powerful tool for data prediction and the optimization of electricity generation. This permits us to reduce the losses in power generation by optimizing the connected generating power stations to the power grid.

Increasing Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Serbia—A Case of an Urban Neighborhood

Energy efficiency, sustainability, and renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly relevant topics in today’s world. Buildings are one of the largest consumers of energy in society, and as such, improving their energy efficiency by reducing unnecessary energy loss and utilizing solar power is crucial. This paper comprehensively analyzes a neighborhood with buildings characteristic of the researched area by applying empirical and theoretical methods and calculations that have been proven in numerous individual cases. The main contribution of this paper is its demonstration that implementing methods to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and utilizing the potential of solar power can result in significant savings in energy consumption, increase the energy sustainability of the analyzed buildings, and substantially reduce the negative environmental impact. The novelty of this study lies in the location and multiple software applications for data analysis. The data and conclusions obtained in this paper serve as a foundation and path towards sustainable development in the field of energy efficiency for buildings in this and similar areas. Heat loss was calculated by analyzing households in the urban neighborhood of Nova Kolonija. All analyzed houses exceeded the maximum allowed annual required energy for household heating (75 kWh/m2). After the reconstruction and implementation of the proposed measures to increase energy efficiency, all houses met the requirements and entered a higher energy class, C. Energy for heating was reduced from 9294.68 kWh/a to 4641.84 kWh/a, representing a reduction of 50.03%. Simulations were conducted regarding solar rooftop power plant installation of 5655 Wp capacity. Software that was used included: a Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), Photovoltaic System software (PVsyst 7.3.), and Photovoltaic Design and Simulation software (PV*SOL). The results of the analysis indicated that the average amount of electricity produced is 6186.98 kWh, which meets 98.12% of households’ annual electricity consumption of 6278.41 kWh. The paper contributes to the existing body of literature and provides significant insight for both practical implications and future studies.

Grid-connected photovoltaics prosumers to support smart city development in Rwanda: A case study for Ayabaraya Village

Access to electricity is among the important targets in Rwanda as in other regions. The grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) prosumers market segment can contribute to the rate of access to electricity in Rwanda. Grid connected PV prosumers contribute in not only increasing electricity generation capacity but also producing affordable and reliable electrical energy. Therefore, the current research analyzes the possibilities of interconnection of small-scale prosumers with a national grid. In addition, the bidirectional flow of electricity either from prosumer grid and vice versa, aiming at monitoring the continuous power supply of the load is analyzed. The study is conducted in Ayabaraya village in Rwanda and the load profile for residential, commercial and industrial prosumers are analyzed. In this research, meteorological data from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) up to 2016 is used to give global horizontal irradiation and ambient temperature. The amount of energy imported from and exported to the grid is determined by the connected appliances, the capacity of the PV system, and the amount of available irradiance at the time. The Home Energy Management System (HEMS), inverter control strategies, and prosumer load types are considered. The simulation reveals that available irradiance less than 30W/m2 at a time is below the grid-tie inverter's threshold power thus, the prosumer imports electricity from the grid. At irradiance larger than 30W/m2, the prosumer may optimize self-consumption and injects the surplus into grid.

Comparison of Energy Production Between Fixed-Mount and Tracking Systems of Solar PV Systems in Jakarta, Indonesia

Most of the electrical energy demand is consumed by urban activities. One of the renewable sources that can be used by urban communities is solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) systems. The amount of energy produced by a PV system is directly affected by the level of irradiation received by PV modules. Conventional PV systems are commonly installed with a fixed-mount system where the angle of incidence of radiation on solar modules changes over time. Solar irradiation would be optimum received by solar modules if the angle of incidence is kept at zero degrees, i.e., radiation is perpendicular to the surface of the modules. This condition can be achieved by employing a solar tracker system for solar modules. This paper studies the comparison of the energy output of PV systems between fixed-mount and without solar tracking in the urban area of Jakarta, Indonesia. The studies are carried out using Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) online simulation tools. The objective of the study is to compare and figure out the specific energy output between the optimized fixed-mount installation (without a tracking system) with solar tracking. In general, the results showed that the specific energy output PV system of a fixed-mount PV system in Jakarta is about 1379 kWh/kWp per year, while for the system with a solar tracking system, the specific energy production is about 1672 kWh/kWp. The information found is expected to be a useful reference for the development and promotion of solar energy, particularly in Indonesia.

Coordination of the Development of Renewable Energy and Small Business as a Mechanism for Ensuring the Sustainable Development of Russia

The article deals with the development of renewable energy in Russia, taking into account the coordination of this sector with small and medium-sized businesses. The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate the strategy for the transition to renewable energy based on small and medium-sized businesses and to develop practical recommendations using the example of solar energy in Russia. The methodological basis of the article is the general organizational science of tectology A.A. Bogdanov, which was subsequently developed in the general theory of systems by L. von Bertalanffy. On the basis of a system analysis of a transformable energy complex, the authors carried out a theoretical justification for the emergence of synergy as a result of the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of renewable energy. It is shown that the formation of new links between small and medium-sized businesses and renewable energy has a positive effect, consisting in diversifying the country's fuel and energy balance and reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on nature without increasing electricity prices for end consumers. Using the example of installing solar panels on the vertical enclosing surfaces of buildings and structures with the involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, the reserves currently not fully used for the development of solar energy, mainly in the northern and eastern regions of Russia, without withdrawing territories from economic circulation, have been identified. The information base of the study is the data of the International Energy Agency, IRENA, and the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System. A graphical method was used to determine the feasibility of installing solar panels in different regions, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in the intensity of insolation, as well as the dependence of the coefficient of conversion of sunlight energy into electricity on temperature and snow cover albedo. The results of the study can be recommended for countries with similar natural and environmental conditions to Russia.

Enovoltaics: Symbiotic integration of photovoltaics in vineyards

In this study, we propose the symbiotic integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into previously built vineyards structures, so as to reduce land intervention, visual impact and costs while suppressing impact over crop production and quality. For this purpose, we have identified grape trellises as an ideal crop type to implement this concept based on a simulation study that analyzes the shading patterns and the PV energy generation of different PV design configurations using Photovoltaic Geographical Information System’s solar radiation data and system performance tool. Our proposal consists in the vertical integration of photovoltaic surfaces over the vines, using the same trellis structure, therefore minimizing cost and land building. We found that a ratio between row distance and trellis height equal or greater than 1.5 allows for the PV integration without generating significant shadowing between consecutive lines, while vertical orientation of the panels allows complete irradiation to the plants below. Different module configurations have been proposed and evaluated, resulting in a range of 40–60% installable capacity (compared to a ground mounted installation) with negligible shadowing over the leaves and grapes. Land equivalent ratio for the proposed architectures ranges between 1.27–1.50, therefore confirming the viability of this proposed agrivoltaic solution.

Statistical Analysis and Distribution of Global Solar Radiation and Temperature Over Southern Nigeria

The intensity of solar energy that is received by a particular location is affected by most meteorological conditions including, the solar irradiance received by the location, precipitation, extreme heat as a result of the surface or ambient temperature, etc. We obtain the monthly global solar irradiation and ambient temperature for the three (3) eco-climatic zones in the south of Nigeria (17 locations) for 12 years (2005 - 2016) from the Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) Satellite. The goal of this study is to understand how regional meteorological conditions affect radiation and temperature reception. Monthly and annual trends were plotted and compared for both variables in each region to show the similarity or dichotomy in their trends. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test has been adopted to reveal that the changes in the variations on an annual basis, and results showed that the trend were not significant for both variables. Box plots have been used to give a better description of the data, and compared to show similarities and differences. Finally, we adopted the Gaussian (normal) distribution to show, understand and compare the data distribution. Linear regression plots for each zone shows that the relationship between the solar irradiation and temperature is high. Results show that the climate and vegetation of a region contributes majorly to the variation of radiation and temperature. Inhomogeneityof data or results for locations in the same zones may be attributed to local meteorological conditions. The results obtained here will prove vital in decision making relating to the adoption of solar energy technologies in the region. Results show that the climate and vegetation of a region contributes majorly to the variation of radiation and temperature. Inhomogeneity of data or results for locations in the same zones may be attributed to local meteorological conditions.

BOOSTING THE HARVESTING OF NIGERIA’S ABUNDANT RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIALS AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS

Renewable energy has been highlighted not only as a means of satisfying the energy needs of Nigerians but also as a tool for the country's growth, thereby improving the income of the citizens who have more energy to work with, serving as the energy source for domestic and office use, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint from the conventional fossil fuels. From data obtained from the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS), the solar electricity potential at some selected cities in Southern Nigeria that ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2 has been presented as a tool, which when properly harnessed, can be used to mitigate avoidable energy-related “national disasters” such as unemployment and youth-restiveness, thereby accelerating Nigeria’s development. There is the urgent need to revise and effectively implement helpful laws and policies that support the addition of renewable energy sources for electricity generation. Lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for the utilization of renewable energy is among the key factors causing poor utilization of renewable energy in Nigeria. Governmental and stakeholder collaboration is highly necessary for developing countries to robustly track renewable electricity adoption via laws aimed at boosting its adoption.

Boosting the Harvesting of Nigeria’s Abundant Renewable Energy Potentials and Legal Implications

Renewable energy has been highlighted not only as a means of satisfying the energy needs of Nigerians but also as a tool for the country's growth, thereby improving the income of the citizens who have more energy to work with, serving as the energy source for domestic and office use, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint from the conventional fossil fuels. From data obtained from the Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS), the solar electricity potential at some selected cities in Southern Nigeria that ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2 has been presented as a tool, which when properly harnessed, can be used to mitigate avoidable energy-related “national disasters” such as unemployment and youth-restiveness, thereby accelerating Nigeria’s development. There is the urgent need to revise and effectively implement helpful laws and policies that support the addition of renewable energy sources for electricity generation. Lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for the utilization of renewable energy is among the key factors causing poor utilization of renewable energy in Nigeria. Governmental and stakeholder collaboration is highly necessary for developing countries to robustly track renewable electricity adoption via laws aimed at boosting its adoption.

Marmara Bölgesindeki Bir Konteyner Limanı İçin Fotovoltaik Enerji Sistem Kurulumunun Tekno-Ekonomik ve Çevresel Analizi

Dünyada 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren gelişen konteyner gemileri ve konteyner limanlarının, ülkemizin dış ticaret, kabotaj ve transit yüklerinin taşınmasında önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Özellikle Marmara Bölgesinde yer alan konteyner limanlarının ülkemizin toplam konteyner elleçleme kapasitesinde önemli bir payı vardır. Diğer taraftan, güneş enerjisinden faydalanarak elektrik üretimi, dünya genelinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de yaygınlaşmakta olup konteyner limanlarında da bu teknolojiden azami ölçüde faydalanılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Marmara (Kocaeli) Bölgesinde bulunan büyük ölçekli bir konteyner limanında fotovoltaik yenilenebilir enerji sistemi kurulumunun tekno-ekonomik ve çevresel analizini gerçekleştirmektir. Bu amaçla, büyük ölçekli bir konteyner limanı incelenmiş, yıllık elektrik ihtiyacı tespit edilmiş ve Fotovoltaik Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi yazılımı yardımıyla uygun PV sistem gücü belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, İndirgenmiş Geri Ödeme Süresi Yöntemi kullanılarak PV sistemin ilk yatırım maliyeti ve geri ödeme süresi hesaplanmış ve RETScreen yazılımı yardımıyla PV sisteminin zararlı sera gazı salımını azaltmadaki rolü ve çevresel etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, konteyner limanındaki kapalı binaların çatılarına 962 k Wp gücünde PV sistem kurulabileceği ve PV sistemin bu güç ile yılda 1.061.034 kWh elektrik üretimi gerçekleşebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Limana yapılacak PV sistem yatırımının geri ödeme süresi 8,33 yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu PV sistemin yılda 37,7 tCO2/yıl sera gazı emisyonuna engel olacağı da tespit edilmiştir. PV sistemden üretilecek elektrik ile limanının yıllık elektrik ihtiyacının %9,47’lik bir kısmı sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir limana kurulacak PV sistemden en yüksek seviyede yararlanılmasına katkı sağlamak üzere bazı öneriler de sunulmuştur.