Photonic Bandgap Structures Research Articles

Retraction Note: Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna with photonic band gap (PBG) structure for high-speed THz application

Retraction Note: Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna with photonic band gap (PBG) structure for high-speed THz application

Design and analysis of graphene-based PBG and EBG array antennas for wideband and multiband mm-wave applications

This paper presents a graphene-based PBG, EBG array antenna design with 40 × 40 mm2 dimensions for wide and multiband applications. The corporate CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) feeding technique is integrated with the ring, meander line, and periodic staircase with a slot pattern and augmented by conductive graphene for Electromagnetic Band Gap and Photonic Band Gap structures on the opposite side. This integration significantly enhances antenna performance, manifesting in superior radiation properties, increased gain, enhanced directivity, and resonating behavior with return loss of 16.4, 21.7, and 22.45 27.0, 25.3 dB in range of 24–25.25 GHz, 26.29–28.1 GHz, and 28.8–35.95 GHz and five bands with return loss of 26.1 , 21.1 , 22.2 , 31 , and 15.5 dB in range of 25.28–26.25, 28.1–29.4, 30.7–33.5, 34–35.5, 36.2–40.0 GHz that covers wideband and Multiband applications concerning PBG and EBG structures, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed antennae exhibit peak gains of 8 dBi at 26.53 GHz and 9 dBi at 32 GHz, corresponding 86.1% and 79.4% peak efficiencies and ensure robust circular polarization at resonating notches cover the mm-Wave 5G frequency bands n257, n258, n259, n260, and n261 for 5G applications, supporting ultra-fast data rates and low-latency communication with ground-based radio navigation applications.

Quantized Dirac cones generated by one-dimensional multi-connected optical waveguide networks

This paper introduces one-dimensional (1D) limited periodic multi-connected vacuum optical waveguide networks (LPMVOWN), a fascinating class of photonic bandgap structures designed to produce Dirac cones. Unlike previously explored materials such as graphene, metamaterials, photonic crystals, and phononic crystals, optical waveguide networks produce a sequence of Dirac cones while also exhibiting quantum properties in the angular frequencies corresponding to these cone points. We used the topological translational periodicity inherent in optical waveguide networks to establish analytical relationships governing the angular frequency, slope, and number of Dirac cones generated by the system. These relationships are used to elucidate how parameters like the waveguide length ratio of the units, the number of waveguide connections, and the waveguide material influence these properties. This analysis improves our understanding of linear, degenerate, and concatenated energy band structures, as well as their potential applications. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for enhancing the control of electromagnetic wave propagation and provides experimentalists with greater convenience and flexibility in their research endeavours.

Stealthy and hyperuniform isotropic photonic band gap structure in 3D.

In photonic crystals, the propagation of light is governed by their photonic band structure, an ensemble of propagating states grouped into bands, separated by photonic band gaps. Due to discrete symmetries in spatially strictly periodic dielectric structures their photonic band structure is intrinsically anisotropic. However, for many applications, such as manufacturing artificial structural color materials or developing photonic computing devices, but also for the fundamental understanding of light-matter interactions, it is of major interest to seek materials with long range nonperiodic dielectric structures which allow the formation of isotropic photonic band gaps. Here, we report the first ever 3D isotropic photonic band gap for an optimized disordered stealthy hyperuniform structure for microwaves. The transmission spectra are directly compared to a diamond pattern and an amorphous structure with similar node density. The band structure is measured experimentally for all three microwave structures, manufactured by 3D laser printing for metamaterials with refractive index up to . Results agree well with finite-difference-time-domain numerical investigations and a priori calculations of the band gap for the hyperuniform structure: the diamond structure shows gaps but being anisotropic as expected, the stealthy hyperuniform pattern shows an isotropic gap of very similar magnitude, while the amorphous structure does not show a gap at all. Since they are more easily manufactured, prototyping centimeter scaled microwave structures may help optimizing structures in the technologically very interesting region of infrared.

Design of a breath analyzer by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Design of a breath analyzer by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Design of beam splitters with different beam splitting ratios by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structures

Design of beam splitters with different beam splitting ratios by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structures

CoViD-19 disinfectant tester by using a defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

CoViD-19 disinfectant tester by using a defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

A novel photonic crystal hydrogel inverse opal fluorescence enhancement platform for highly sensitive immunoassay of tumor markers

Cancer is a significant global health issue, necessitating early detection for effective diagnosis and treatment. We presented a novel method for detecting tumor markers using fluorescence-enhanced photonic crystal hydrogel inverse opal (PC-GELIO) membranes. We efficiently fabricated large-area, low-crack photonic crystal membranes using a homemade microfluidic chip. Composed of PEG-DA and PEG, the hydrogel replicated the photonic crystal structure, yielding photonic crystal hydrogel inverse opal membranes with a unique photonic band gap and inverse opal porous structure. These properties afford the PC-GELIO platform several advantages: Firstly, the high stability of the internal nanostructure in the large-area, low-crack photonic crystals film, prepared using the homemade microfluidic chip, is crucial for preserving the platform's exceptional fluorescence-enhanced sensing capabilities. Secondly, the peak wavelength emitted by fluorescent molecules aligns with the photonic band gap (PBG), significantly enhancing the fluorescence signal through the low-photon effect. Lastly, the high specific surface area provides numerous binding targets for biomolecule modification, and the hydrogel offers a uniform liquid environment conducive to biomolecule binding. We evaluated the fluorescence-enhanced sensing performance of the platform using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The limit of quantification (LOQ) for AFP was determined to be as low as 23 pg/mL, representing an order of magnitude improvement compared to non-enhanced platforms (0.29 ng/mL and 0.25 ng/mL). Consequently, this novel fluorescence-enhanced photonic crystal hydrogel inverse opal platform holds significant potential as a straightforward and efficient method for biomolecular detection.

Design of humidity sensor by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structure

Design of humidity sensor by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structure

Design of beam splitters by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structures

Design of beam splitters by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structures

Weyl semimetal assisted nonreciprocal modification of Flat-top optical pulses via defective photonic band-gap structures

We study the non-reciprocal modification of flat-top optical pulses via a one-dimensional photonic band-gap structure with Weyl semimetal-based defect layers due to their wide range of applications, such as high-speed communication, nonlinear optical switching, and ultrafast pump–probe experiments. We apply the transfer matrix method to obtain the transmission spectrum of the structure. Also, the Fourier transform technique is used to investigate the effect of the propagation direction of the incoming pulse on the time profile of the outgoing pulse. Then we examine the effect of the carrier frequency and duration of the incoming pulse on the length, energy, and magnetic field distribution of the outgoing pulse. It is shown that the time profile of an incoming flat-top pulse may modify to a nearly flat-top, single-peak, or oscillatory multi-peak time profile depending on the carrier frequency, length, and propagation direction of the incoming pulse.

Design of highly sensitive temperature sensor based on photonic band gap structure

In this paper, a novel microstrip resonator technique for temperature sensing is proposed, designed, and implemented using a hybrid planar microstrip line and photonic band gap (PBG) structure. To implement the PBG structure of the microstrip line, a microfluidic channel with periodic form is introduced into the substrate and filled with water. The operation principle of the sensor is based on a frequency shift due to the variation in the center of the band gap, which in turn changes with the variation of the permittivity of water, which relates to the temperature. The different empirical expressions describing the complex permittivity with the resonant frequency were carried out. The proposed sensor is simple in design and low cost, which may be applied in different applications at the industrial.

Mechanism and properties of all-optical switching constructed from 1D symmetric defect ring optical waveguide network

In this paper, barium fluoride (BaF2) and bismuth doped silicon-rich silicon dioxide (Bi-doped Si-rich SiO2) are used for designing a novel pump-free ultracompact ultrahigh efficiency all-optical switching constructed from a photonic band gap (PBG) structure, the one-dimensional (1D) symmetric defect ring optical waveguide network (SDROWN) with integer-broken waveguide length ratio. The ultralow threshold control energy of our designing all-optical switching is 1.24556 × 10−25J, which makes the switching be pump-free. The transverse and longitudinal feature sizes of the switching are, respectively, 160 nm and 270 nm, which arrive at the level of the best reported results and makes the switching may realize intense integration. The ultrahigh switching efficiency arrives at 8.69565 × 107 and is more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than those of other kinds of all-optical switchings. The switching time is nearly 116fs, which arrives at the level of the best reported results. On the other hand, this technique may provide the probability for solving the four contradictions/difficulties in the designing of practical on-chip all-optical switching. It may deepen people's knowledge on PBG structures and provide new scientific bases for the designing of practical on-chip all-optical switching.

Design of an optical filter by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Design of an optical filter by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Wavelength demultiplexing by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structures

Wavelength demultiplexing by using double defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structures

Wavelength demultiplexing by using a defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Wavelength demultiplexing by using a defect layered 1D quaternary photonic band gap structure

Wavelength demultiplexing by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structures

Wavelength demultiplexing by using double defect layered 1D ternary photonic band gap structures

Dual-band terahertz antenna based on a novel photonic band gap structure

Dual-band terahertz antenna based on a novel photonic band gap structure

Dimer-parity dependent odd–even effects in photoinduced transitions to cholesteric and twist grain boundary SmC* mesophases: PBG characteristics

We describe the first investigations on the influence of flexible spacer parity of the guest photoactive liquid-crystalline dimer on the photonic bandgap (PBG) features of the cholesteric (Ch) and twist grain boundary smectic C* (TGBC*) phases of the host molecule. Both these phases exhibit PBG structure, with the former having it in one and the latter in three dimensions respectively. The concentration of the photoactive dimer is very small in the host liquid crystal (HLC) system that exhibits isotropic (Iso) → Ch → TGBC* sequence. The photoisomerization experiment brings out the feature that the pitch of the Ch phase blue-shifts, with the magnitude being more for the even dimer system compared to the odd one. This effect is accompanied by a reduction in the width of the photonic bandgap, again the effect is more pronounced for the even parity mixture compared to the odd one. The two-dimensional periodicity of the SmC* helix identified with the grid pattern in the TGBC* phase shows the memory effect upon photoisomerization. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the odd dimer system shows a larger layer spacing than the even dimer one. Upon UV illumination for one of the materials, layer spacing shows an increase. The investigations discussed in this article reveal that, apart from the actinic light, the spacer and parity of the photoactive dimer play a significant role in controlling the PBG properties in all three directions.

Observation of photonic Peierls transition for manipulating microwave in metallic diaphragm-array periodic structures

Peierls transition that modifies electronic band structure has attracted intensive attention in solid state physics. In the present work, we report that a photonic analog of Peierls transition has been observed in a 1-D triangular metal diaphragm array, where the photonic bandgap structures have been designed at will by adjusting periodically metal diaphragm positions. It is shown by the numerical analysis that the transmission and radiation effect of the present periodic metal structure designed through the Peierls transition rule exhibits the behavior significantly different from an original periodic structure with each unit cell containing a metal diaphragm. The near- and far-field measurement results are in good agreement with our theoretical simulation. The present effect of photonic Peierls transition can serve as a working mechanism for designing new types of guided wave devices. It can be seen that the photonic Peierls transition would be one of the simplest ways for modifying the transport characteristics of electromagnetic waves in periodic structures.