Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation Research Articles

Cyclic Main-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Topological Effect on Fluorescence Emission and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation

Cyclic Main-Chain Phenylazo Naphthalene Polymers: Topological Effect on Fluorescence Emission and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation

Single-layer one-dimensional nonpolarizing guided-mode resonance filters under normal incidence

We demonstrate that properly designed one-dimensional guided-mode resonance filters (GMRFs) with only one grating layer can exhibit a nonpolarizing resonant filtering effect under normal incidence. A sinusoidal profile nonpolarizing GMRF is realized by photoinduced surface-relief grating formation on thin films of polymer-azobenzene complexes and subsequent atomic layer deposition, showing the feasibility of fabrication of such compact GMRFs.

Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation for a Single Crystal of 4-Aminoazobenzene

Photoinduced surface relief grating (SRG) formation for a single crystal of 4-aminoazobenzene was investigated. It was found that SRG could be inscribed on the (001) surface of the crystal, which might suggest that the photoinduced SRG formation is a general phenomenon observed for single crystals of azobenzene-based molecules as well as for azobenzene-based amorphous systems. In addition, the dependences of the SRG formation upon the orientation of the sample crystal and upon the polarization of the writing beams were found to be different from those observed for previously reported crystalline systems.

Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation on a Co‐crystal of 4‐[Bis(9,9‐dimethylfluoren‐2‐yl)amino]azobenzene and Ethyl Acetate

Corrugation of the surface: A co-crystal of 4-[bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]azobenzene and ethyl acetate (picture, left) is obtained and a photoinduced surface relief grate (SRG) is formed on its surface (picture, right)—a first for a co-crystal. The effect of the polarization of the writing beams on SRG formation is different from that observed for a 4-(dimethylamino)azoben- zene single crystal.

Stochastic model for photoinduced surface relief grating formation through molecular transport in polymer films

We use a stochastic model to study photoinduced surface relief grating (SRG) formation due to molecular transport in azobenzene polymer films. The model is shown to reproduce the essential experimental features of SRG formation. In particular, it predicts SRG formation under both p and s polarizations, and the double peaked topographies that can occur at early times of the process. The evolving molecular positions and orientations during exposure are also followed, providing a useful mechanistic picture of SRG dynamics.

Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation on a (100) Surface of a Single Crystal of 4-(Dimethylamino)azobenzene

Surface relief grating (SRG) can be fabricated on a (100) surface of a single crystal of 4-(dimethylamino)a-zobenzene by irradiation with coherent laser beams. The SRG formation depended upon both orientation of the crystal and polarization direction of the writing beams. It was suggested that the photoinduced SRG formation took place by mass transport from the bright region toward the dark region near the surface of the crystal. In addition, the molecules existing in the convex region of the resulting SRG were found to be oriented according to the underlying crystal.

Photoinduced surface relief grating formation using new polymers containing the same azobenzene chromophore as a photochoromic amorphous molecular material

In order to gain an insight into the relationship between the structure of polymer main chain and photoinduced surface relief grating (SRG) formation, new vinyl, acrylate, and methacrylate polymers containing the same azobenzene chromophore as a photochromic amorphous molecular material were designed and synthesized. Comparative studies of photoinduced SRG formation using these new polymers together with the parent amorphous molecular material showed that the rate of SRG formation increased in the order: the vinyl polymer<the methacrylate polymer<the acrylate polymer<the parent amorphous molecular material, while the diffraction efficiency and modulation depth of resulting SRG increased in the order: the parent amorphous molecular material<the vinyl polymer<the acrylate polymer<the methacrylate polymer. These results can be explained by means of the flexibility of the azobenzene chromophore depending upon the structure of polymer main chain and the glass-transition temperatures of the materials.

Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation Using Azobenzene-based Molecular Materials: A New Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenylazoaniline

Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation Using Azobenzene-based Molecular Materials: A New Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material, N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-N-(4'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenylazoaniline

Synthesis and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation of a Novel Azobenzene-based Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material, 4-[Bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]-4'-nitro-azobenzene

Synthesis and Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation of a Novel Azobenzene-based Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material, 4-[Bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)amino]-4'-nitro-azobenzene

Numerical Analysis of Photoinduced Surface Relief Grating Formation by Particle Method

The time evolution of photoinduced surface relief grating formation on azobenzene polymer films is analyzed by particle method for fluid mechanics. The surface relief grating is grown by using two beams interference with various polarization states numerically and compared with experimental results. The force acted on the dipole by electromagnetic field and surface force are considered as the driving force for photoinduced mass transport. The improved surface tension model is proposed in order to calculate curvature coefficient. The numerical results are coincided with experimental results qualititatively.