Photogrammetric Methods Research Articles

Salda-Yeşilova Survey: The Necropolis of Takina in the Context of Digital Epigraphy and New Inscriptions Found During the Survey

This article presents the epigraphic results of surveys carried out in the Yeşilova district of Burdur province as part of the Salda – Yeşilova Surveys in 2022. In this context, the evaluation focuses on old and new epigraphic materials discovered in the centre of Yeşilova, particularly in the village of Yarışlı. This study presents a digital and photogrammetric analysis of the research carried out in the village of Yarışlı since the 1800s by various researchers, including J. Arundell, A. H. Smith, W. M Ramsay, G. E. Bean, G. Labarre, M. Özsait, and N. Özsait. The focus is on the necropolis of Takina and Yeşilova. The inscriptions on chamosorions and sarcophagi in the Takina necropolis have been scanned using the photogrammetric method in order to check their legibility. After the traditional methods of reading, the images obtained from the sarcophagi scanned by technological methods were compared with the results of previous researchers. As a result, two inscriptions in the Takina necropolis were enhanced and corrected. In addition, two new inscriptions were discovered in the area, one of which is well preserved. Outside this area, three new inscriptions were discovered, one a fragment of a tomb, one a table and crater offering to the god Men, and one an offering to Dionysus.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry for Monitoring the Geometric Changes of Reclaimed Landfills

Monitoring reclaimed landfills is essential for ensuring their stability and monitoring the regularity of facility settlement. Insufficient recognition of the magnitude and directions of these changes can lead to serious damage to the body of the landfill (landslides, sinkholes) and, consequently, threaten the environment and the life and health of people near landfills. This study focuses on using UAV photogrammetry to monitor geometric changes in reclaimed landfills. This approach highlights the advantages of UAVs in expanding the monitoring and providing precise information critical for decision-making in the reclamation process. This study presents the result of annual photogrammetry measurements at the Słabomierz–Krzyżówka reclaimed landfill, located in the central part of Poland. The Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) algorithm was used to determine deformation at the landfill. The results were simultaneously compared with the landfill’s reference (angular–linear) measurements. The mean vertical displacement error determined by the photogrammetric method was ±2.3 cm. The results showed that, with an appropriate measurement methodology, it is possible to decide on changes in geometry reliably. The collected 3D data also gives the possibility to improve the decision-making process related to repairing damage or determining the reclamation direction of the landfill, as well as preparing further development plans.

Maternal Parity Effect on Spine Posture Changes and Back Pain During Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy can significantly alter posture and stability, thereby affecting spine curvatures. A positive relationship between the number of full-term pregnancies and the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) has been reported previously. This study aimed to analyze the impact of pregnancy on spine posture and LBP. Methods: Thirty pregnant females who were nulliparous (Group 1, n = 15) or had one or two pregnancies (Group 2, n = 15) were examined using the photogrammetric method in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Further, a correlation analysis was conducted among the body mass index (BMI), pain intensity (VAS scale), and spine posture parameters. Results: The parous groups did not differ significantly in the parameters of the spinal posture. The thoracic angle decreased in trimester II compared to trimester I (157.77° vs. 160.55°, p = 0.004), which, according to the measurement methodology used, means that the thoracic kyphosis curvature increased. BMI was associated with the angle of trunk inclination in trimester I in Group 1 (r = 0.54, p = 0.04), as well as with the thoracic angle in trimesters II and III in Group 2 (r = 0.54–0.62, p < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation between pain intensity and spine posture parameters was more frequently observed in Group 2. Conclusions: Parity does not affect spine posture during pregnancy or pain intensity. The intensity of LBP was associated with spine posture changes during pregnancy, but the character of association differs between groups of parity. Alterations in spine posture should be monitored during pregnancy to prevent back pain.

Leaf Identification in High-Density LiDAR-RGB Data

Abstract. Leaf detection through automated segmentation of 3D data is becoming a crucial technique in many applications of digital agriculture. Some 3D segmentation techniques that can be mentioned are based on normal differences and median normalised vector growth. However, applying these approaches to high canopy density data remains challenging. In this study, we propose a processing flow for leaf detection in high canopy density LiDAR-RGB point clouds. First, a noise removal technique inspired by Moving Least Squares (MLS) was applied to the LiDAR point cloud, and a RGB colour was assigned to each point by combining computer vision and photogrammetric methods. Moreover, once the data were suitable for leaf detection, the branches were filtered using the Statistical Outlier Removal (SOR) filter based on an analysis of the statistical behaviour of the neighbourhood. Afterwards, an unsupervised DBSCAN (Density-Based Clustering Non-Parametric Algorithm) method was used to segment similar points. Finally, the points within each cluster were identified as leaf or non-leaf using the RGB values implemented by our method; ground points were filtered out using a maximum height threshold. As a result, the leaf, non-leaf, and ground point identifiers were correct in 98.9% of cases, with the branch filtering technique SOR proving effectiveness in removing branches with low information loss and without additional complex point densification steps in reconstruction. This SOR-based solution overcomes major challenges in semantic segmentation (leaves and branches) in high-density data and potentially contributes to precision agriculture.

Методика фотограмметричного вимірювання люфтів та пружних податли-востей в шарнірних вузлах транспортних маніпуляторів та штанг косміч-них апаратів

The experimental study on multi-link structures and their components is of extreme relevance and importance to modern science and technology. These structures are widely used in various fields, including the aerospace and the automotive industry, robotics, and construction. The presence of numerous interconnected components makes their behavior complex and nonlinear. The accuracy and reliability of such systems depend on their dynamic characteristics, which are difficult to predict theoretically due to numerous factors, such as the material compliance, hinge backlashes, and intercomponent interaction. This study presents the authors’ verified methodology for experimentally determining backlashes and elastic compliances in hinges of transport manipulators and spacecraft booms, which is based on the photogrammetric method. The versatility of the method as applied to different types of mechanical experiments was analyzed. The obtained measurement accuracy and applicability to various structures under heterogeneous conditions make the methodology substantially universal. The methodology was tried out using a two-link fragment of a transport manipulator designed by the authors. A computational scheme was constructed to determine the effect of a hinge backlash. The scheme was used to obtain rotation trajectories of the manipulator section for different backlash values. It was found that photogrammetry can be used to determine the trajectories of each control marker on the hinge throughout its operational time. This allows one to refine computational schemes with calculated backlash values. The proposed methodology can easily be adapted to studying the elastic compliance of multi-link structure components in local stiffness reduction zones, such as flange connections and auxiliaries-to-link attachment points. The measurement methodology may be used in studying the dynamics of multi-link and ultralong structures by synchronizing several digital cameras. This enables remote monitoring of moving structures in space.

Pixel-level Terrain Processing of the Martian Surface from Moderate Resolution Images of Tianwen-1

The moderate-resolution camera (MoRIC) of the Tianwen-1 orbiter, China’s first Mars exploration mission, is a frame-imaging scheme color camera. However, generating a precise digital elevation model (DEM) from these images faces challenges due to the presence of featureless and repetitive regions on the Martian surface. Traditional photogrammetric methods often struggle to achieve pixel-level resolution in these areas. To address this, we employ a shape from shading (SFS) algorithm that leverages shading patterns to reconstruct fine-scale terrain details, optimizing photogrammetric initial DEM. This paper presents a novel global bisection search algorithm, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the smoothing parameter, a crucial element in the SFS process. Comparisons with higher-resolution data from the Mars Express high-resolution stereo camera and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CTX images validate our approach, highlighting the potential of SFS to significantly enhance the scientific value of Tianwen-1 MoRIC data by generating high-resolution, three-dimensional maps of Mars.

Investigating diverse photogrammetric techniques in the hazard assessment of historical sites of the Museum of the Coal Basin Area in Będzin, Poland

Abstract Assessing the condition of historical sites at risk requires an interdisciplinary approach based on combining multiple measurement technologies. Due to the dynamic development of technology, non-invasive remote sensing methods are gaining significant importance. Among these techniques is photogrammetry based on images taken from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and those taken with a smartphone. In the study, the authors specified the possibilities and limitations of using remote photogrammetric methods to build accurate digital models of the walls of historic buildings with cracks in them. Point clouds, TIN grids, and façade orthophotos were examined. Statistical analysis was used to determine the repeatability of the data. Two parameters were identified that affect the accuracy of the data: the first – the direction of the segment between two points in the façade plane, and the second – the distance of the segment between two points in the plane of the façade. The study showed that the average accuracy of crack width measurements on the data acquired with the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise RTK is 1 mm. Testing of crack width measurements using a Samsung Galaxy S20 FE smartphone showed an average absolute error of 0.24 mm. Based on the results, it was concluded that the imagesacquired using mobile devices can be used to determine changes in crack widths on walls.

Accuracy assessment of UAV-based documentation of archaeological site: Kültepe-Kaneš

High quality 2D/3D metric documentation of archaeological sites is used in many different applications such as archaeological-heritage management, digital archaeological excavation planning, orthophotographic documentation, and ancient Digital Surfaces Models (DSM) research. Structure-from-Motion based photogrammetry (SfM) is an indirect geodesic measurement technique based on multiple view image processing using high-level automation techniques. Using SfM to generate the high accuracy 2D/3D data needed for digital documentation of archaeological cultural heritage is relatively practical, economical, and fast. Factors such as the number of ground control points and their distribution to the study area, the robustness of the camera system model parameters, and the analytical model of the photogrammetric triangulation method used affect the accuracy of the data produced using SfM-photogrammetry. Kültepe-Kaneš, the center of the ancient Kingdom of Kaneš, which is located in central-Anatolia, was an Assyrian Trade Colony active between ca. 2000 BC and 1700 BC. The site, which was the center of the Old Assyrian trade colonies in Anatolia and one of the most important sites in ancient history, has been under excavation for the last 75 years. In this paper, high accuracy digital documentation of the Kültepe-Kaneš archaeological excavation area was made using different SfM methods. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in accuracy between Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Post-Process Kinematic (PPK) methods for the study area. This suggests that either PPK, RTK, or aerial triangulation with Ground Control Points (GCPs) can be employed to generate orthophotos and DSMs for archaeological sites with relatively flat surface areas, as long as a sufficient number of uniformly distributed GCPs are used.

Pilates mat versus cervical stabilization exercises on the craniovertebral angle, pain, function, and myoelectrical activity of the cervical muscles in forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial

IntroductionOne of the most prevalent postural problems involving the neck is called forward head posture (FHP), which is defined as the anterior head protruding from the sagittal plane and appearing to be positioned in front of the body. The incidence of FHP is 70% in young adults. This study aimed to compare Pilates mat versus cervical stabilization exercises on the craniovertebral angle (CVA), pain, function, and myoelectric activity of the upper trapezius (UT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles in patients with FHP. Also, both experimental groups were compared to the control group in terms of CVA, pain, function, and myoelectric activity of the UT and SCM muscles.MethodsSixty participants (18 to 25 years old) with symptomatic FHP were randomly assigned to three groups using an opaque sealed envelope; Pilates mat and postural correction exercises were assigned group A, cervical stabilization and postural correction exercises were assigned group B, and solely postural correction exercises were assigned group C for 12 weeks at a frequency of 3 times/week. The patients were assessed before and after 12 weeks of interventions. The photogrammetric method was used to determine CVA, the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the Arabic neck disability index (ANDI ) for neck function, and surface electromyography (sEMG) for the UT and SCM muscle root mean square during rest and activity.ResultsMultiple pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between pre and post-treatments for all variables in the Pilates, cervical stabilization, and control groups with a <i>p</i> < 0.05. Between groups, analyses showed that there were statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at post-treatment between the Pilates and cervical stabilization groups and also between Pilates and the control, and finally between the cervical stabilization and control groups with more favor to the Pilates group.ConclusionsPilates mat and cervical stabilization exercises are both effective interventions for FHP, with Pilates mat exercises being superior.

Improving Aerial Targeting Precision: A Study on Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation with Advanced Deep Learning Algorithms

The integration of technological advancements has significantly impacted artificial intelligence (AI), enhancing the reliability of AI model outputs. This progress has led to the widespread utilization of AI across various sectors, including automotive, robotics, healthcare, space exploration, and defense. Today, air defense operations predominantly rely on laser designation. This process is entirely dependent on the capability and experience of human operators. Considering that UAV systems can have flight durations exceeding 24 h, this process is highly prone to errors due to the human factor. Therefore, the aim of this study is to automate the laser designation process using advanced deep learning algorithms on 3D point clouds obtained from different sources, thereby eliminating operator-related errors. As different data sources, dense 3D point clouds produced with photogrammetric methods containing color information, and point clouds produced with LiDAR systems were identified. The photogrammetric point cloud data were generated from images captured by the Akinci UAV’s multi-axis gimbal camera system within the scope of this study. For the point cloud data obtained from the LiDAR system, the DublinCity LiDAR dataset was used for testing purposes. The segmentation of point cloud data utilized the PointNet++ and RandLA-Net algorithms. Distinct differences were observed between the evaluated algorithms. The RandLA-Net algorithm, relying solely on geometric features, achieved an approximate accuracy of 94%, while integrating color features significantly improved its performance, raising its accuracy to nearly 97%. Similarly, the PointNet++ algorithm, relying solely on geometric features, achieved an accuracy of approximately 94%. Notably, the model developed as a unique contribution in this study involved enriching the PointNet++ algorithm by incorporating color attributes, leading to significant improvements with an approximate accuracy of 96%. The obtained results demonstrate a notable improvement in the PointNet++ algorithm with the proposed approach. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the methodology proposed in this study can be effectively applied directly to data generated from different sources in aerial scanning systems.

The Difference in the Morphometric Assessment of Gingival Biotype by Using Periodontal Probe Transparency Method and Photogrammetry

Objective: To evaluate the photogrammetric assessment of gingival biotype against the clinical gold standard method of probe transparency in terms of their consistency in assessment Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional comparative; Periodontology Department, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Medical and Dental College, Lahore Methodology: The study targeted 149 adult subjects aged 18-30 years reporting to dental out patient department for routine dental treatment. A periodontal probe was inserted into the marginal gingiva of maxillary right central incisor and probe visibility through the gingival soft-tissues was judged. A probe visible through the tissues yielded thin gingiva and vice versa. For morphometric analysis, standardized clinical photographs were captured using digital DSLR camera. A photoshop software was used to measure crown width, crown height and papillary height for maxillary central incisor on all photographs. A crown width-to-height ratio >0.75 and a papillary height <4.5 mm indicated thick gingiva and vice versa. Data was analyzed via Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. Descriptive statistics were calculated. An inter-method reliability analysis using Cohen’s Kappa was performed to determine the consistency among the two methods in diagnosing gingival biotype. p=0.05 was taken as significant. Results: About 54.4% subjects were identified having a thin gingival biotype. A significant difference was observed between males and females as well as between age groups for gingival biotypes (p<0.001). Using Cohen’s Kappa, a “perfect agreement” between probe transparency and photogrammetric methods was observed (ê = 1, p<0.001) Conclusion: Photogrammetry offers a reliable and noninvasive method for evaluation of gingival thickness

The Effect of Varying the Light Spectrum of a Scene on the Localisation of Photogrammetric Features

In modern digital photogrammetry, an image is usually registered via a digital matrix with an array of colour filters. From the registration of the image until feature points are detected on the image, the image is subjected to a series of calculations, i.e., demosaicing and conversion to greyscale, among others. These algorithms respond differently to the varying light spectrum of the scene, which consequently results in the feature location changing. In this study, the effect of scene illumination on the localisation of a feature in an image is presented. The demosaicing and greyscale conversion algorithms that produce the largest and smallest deviation of the feature from the reference point were assessed. Twelve different illumination settings from polychromatic light to monochromatic light were developed and performed, and five different demosaicing algorithms and five different methods of converting a colour image to greyscale were analysed. A total of 300 different cases were examined. As the study shows, the lowest deviation in the polychromatic light domain was achieved for light with a colour temperature of 5600 K and 5000 K, while in the monochromatic light domain, it was achieved for light with a green colour. Demosaicing methods have a significant effect on the localisation of a feature, and so the smallest feature deviation was achieved for smooth hue-type demosaicing, while for greyscale conversion, it was achieved for the mean type. Demosaicing and greyscale conversion methods for monochrome light had no effect. The article discusses the problem and concludes with recommendations and suggestions in the area of illuminating the scene with artificial light and the application of the algorithms, in order to achieve the highest accuracy using photogrammetric methods.

Spatial data collection in cadastral updating in Turkey

In the cadastral studies carried out in Turkey in the last century, cadastral maps were produced using different surveying methods. It is also constantly replacing or diversifying its surveying methods with new ones. Finally, it has started to produce spatial data for cadastral parcels with the photogrammetric method using UAV technology. The expected accuracy in spatial data generation is ±7 cm. This article includes all surveying methods used in cadastral studies to date. In addition, the contribution of photogrammetric studies to the cadastral updating activities was investigated, carried out using UAV in a study area of 18 thousand ha.

Об элементных фундаментах опор высоковольтных линий

Purpose: to substantiate the possibility of using the foundations of supports of high-voltage lines in the form of dispersed horizontal elements combined into a single structure for the perception of alternating loads. To determine by experimental and computational methods the effect of the mutual displacement of elements in the form of an increase in the bearing capacity of foundations and a decrease in their deformations under the influence of pressing and pulling loads. To show the possibility of replacing slab foundations of supports of high-voltage lines with structures made of prefabricated elements to reduce the volume and weight of products transported from the factory. Methods: application of the moire photogrammetric method to assess the development of soil compaction zones and angular deformations of the soil base in a tray with a glass wall under models of slab and elemental foundations. Using the method of boundary integral equations to obtain the dependence of precipitation on the step of elements for flexible and rigid foundations. Results: the effect of mutual influence of foundation elements during their convergence and dispersal in the form of a change in the stress-strain state in their base is illustrated. Differences in the depths of the distribution of compaction zones and areas of development of angular deformations are revealed. Quantitative data on the precipitation of slab and elemental foundations and the influence of the depth of the roof of the solid underlying layer on them have been obtained. Graphical dependences of the relationship of sediment elements with the distance (step) between them are presented. The effect of the division of the foundation on the rate of extinction of marginal tangential stresses in the base is shown. An illustration is made of an increase in the volume and surface area of the bulging body of the elemental foundation, which leads to an increase in its bearing capacity compared to the slab one when calculating for pulling out. Practical importance: the effectiveness of the use of an element foundation in comparison with the paid option in reducing the parameters of the stress-strain state of the base and facilitating logistical tasks during construction is shown. The experimental and computational methods used can be recommended for further refinement of the parameters of the elemental foundations.

A Comprehensive Comparison of Photogrammetric and RTK-GPS Methods for General Order Land Surveying

One of the main objectives of modern-day surveying is to maximize the efficiency and accuracy of mapping a landscape for natural features and elevations prior to the start of a construction project. This paper focuses on a comparison between terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry and real-time kinematic global positioning systems (RTK-GPSs) in terms of elevation accuracy, data expenditure, and time for each survey to be completed. Two sites in San Diego County were chosen to be studied with a combined area of about 1.14 acres, and a total station system was used to establish 572 control points between both areas. Two of the three methods investigated produced similar results in elevation and were well within the established standard, as the terrestrial photogrammetry averaged 0.0583 feet of error, the aerial photogrammetry averaged 0.345 feet of error, and the RTK-GPS averaged 0.0432 feet of error when compared to the total station ground truth. If data consumption is not a concern, the terrestrial photogrammetric method should be preferred to the aerial photogrammetric and RTK-GPS methods in topographic mapping and land monitoring due to the increase in time efficiency and in surface model detail while keeping within the Caltrans specified tolerance of error of 0.2 feet. For general order land surveys, the photogrammetric approach utilized with a Looq scanner would provide the most efficient and cost-effective survey while staying within the 0.2 foot tolerance of error. This method also allows for the utmost clarity of the resulting point cloud when analyzing terrain, break lines, or other features in the survey area.

ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO THE CATALOGING OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE. A CASE STUDY OF A BUNKER IN LA LÍNEA DE LA CONCEPCIÓN, SPAIN

<p>Photogrammetry is an emerging tool in architecture, conservation, cataloging, and maintenance of heritage, offering a precise and efficient methodology for generating three-dimensional digital models. This work presents a comparative study of photogrammetric methods, focused on a lowcost software application, with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness in capturing and faithfully representing architectural and cultural elements, such as the bunkers located in La Línea de la Concepción (Spain), where the seismic hazard is not neglectable. The results reveal that the method choice depends on the object being digitized. Some programs are more suitable for capturing fine details, while others excel in reconstructing more complex structures.</p>

Comparative Evaluation of NeRF Algorithms on Single Image Dataset for 3D Reconstruction

Abstract. The reconstruction of three-dimensional scenes from a single image represents a significant challenge in computer vision, particularly in the context of cultural heritage digitisation, where datasets may be limited or of poor quality. This paper addresses this challenge by conducting a study of the latest and most advanced algorithms for single-image 3D reconstruction, with a focus on applications in cultural heritage conservation. Exploiting different single-image datasets, the research evaluates the strengths and limitations of various artificial intelligence-based algorithms, in particular Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), in reconstructing detailed 3D models from limited visual data. The study includes experiments on scenarios such as inaccessible or non-existent heritage sites, where traditional photogrammetric methods fail. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of NeRF-based approaches in producing accurate, high-resolution reconstructions suitable for visualisation and metric analysis. The results contribute to advancing the understanding of NeRF-based approaches in handling single-image inputs and offer insights for real-world applications such as object location and immersive content generation.

Анализ методов получения и обработки данных для формирования 3D-модели генерального плана объекта недвижимости

In the context of increased urbanization and limited land resources, the efficient vertical planning (including underground and airspace) of the territory, taking into account the existing edifices, as well as the design of new facilities to provide the population with the necessary housing (apartment blocks), is of key importance. Implementation of this tendency is impossible without description of the area with metric 3D models (information ones), which should also be reflected in the master plans of real estate objects (in the design of new buildings). The authors provide practical research on selecting optimal methods of getting information and processing it to form a 3D model of capital construction projects (using the example of an apartment block with protruding structures). For obtaining the data (x, y, H) on the position of the real estate object in space, it is proposed to use a combined or photogrammetric method (depending on the specific survey conditions). The authors also concluded the necessity of improving the legal framework regarding the data format for 3D modeling of real estate using domestic (RF) software

A novel calibration method based on fixed multi-plane targets for cameras with large field of view

For camera calibration with large field of view (FOV), the accuracy is impacted by the size of the calibration targets. Considering the challenges associated with producing and carrying large targets, existing methods resort to using small targets to achieve calibration without high accuracy. In order to solve this problem, a photogrammetric calibration method based on the fixed multi-plane targets (FMPT) is proposed in this paper for cameras with large FOV. The FMPT is composed by multiple identical small planar targets (PTs), with fixed pose transformation relationships among PTs. The proposed calibration method involves the following main steps. Firstly, the camera is moved several times to capture a series of images of FMPT. Secondly, the fixed pose transformation matrices of different small PTs in FMPT are calculated through the initial parameters of camera. Finally, calibration based on photogrammetry is conducted, with a continuous optimization of camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters based on the multiple 2D and 3D constraint in the FMPT. Simulation and real data experiments show that the calibration accuracy using the proposed method is much higher than that using a small target, and sightly higher than that using a large target. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate the robust stability of this method, maintaining high calibration accuracy even in the presence of increased noise and error in target production.

LOLA DEM Assisted Photogrammetric Processing of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter NAC Images for the Lunar South Pole

Abstract. Because of its special significance, exploration missions and research at the Lunar South Pole (LSP) are of considerable importance. The mapping products of the LSP such as Digital Ortho Maps (DOMs) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential to support exploration missions. However, in the LSP region, the available data are relatively limited. The large amounts of shadows and the special environment of the LSP has an important impact on both image matching and generation of mapping products. In this paper, we propose a photogrammetric processing method to improve the accuracy of the LRO NAC images by using LOLA DEM as auxiliary control data. The LOLA DEM was first rendered using the same illumination conditions as the corresponding LRO NAC raw images, and then matched to the LRO NAC DOMs. Next, the corresponding elevations of the tie points between LOLA DEMs and LRO NAC images were extracted and automatically added to the control network for bundle adjustment. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, we selected 17 LRO NAC images near the LSP at 85° south latitude. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently acquire uniformly distributed elevation control points for bundle adjustment and the generated DEM has a good consistency with the LOLA DEM.