Photoelectric Control Research Articles

Matched micro-geometrical configuration leading to hetero-interfacial intimate contact of MoS2@UiO-66-NH2 Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Z-scheme heterojunction is an effective strategy in photocatalysis, when hetero-interfacial intimate contact is the center of high-performance Z-scheme heterojunction structure. Here, x-MoS2 [x = plate (p), flower (f), and solid sphere (s)] with extensive optical absorption and high conductivity and stable UiO-66-NH2(y) (y = 100, 300, and 500 nm) with rich Lewis's acid sites were integrated to a series of x-MoS2@UiO-66-NH2(y) Z-scheme heterojunctions, which were fully characterized and used for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 (pCO2RR) into CH4 and CO. In response to the difficult modification of MoS2 and loose contact of composite bulk materials, the micro-geometric configurations on the size of UiO-66-NH2 and the morphology of MoS2 were optimized to achieve an intimate contact. The Z-scheme heterojunction f-MoS2@UiO-66-NH2 (100 nm) with perfectly matched micro-geometric configuration exhibited an excellent electron consumption rate (Rele) of 263.78 μmol g–1 h–1 and a high CH4 yield of 27.18 μmol g–1 h–1 with a selectivity of 82.44%, being far superior to most MoS2- and MOFs-based heterojunctions. Comprehensive investigations with extensive photoelectric characterizations, control experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the excellent photocatalytic performance of f-MoS2@UiO-66-NH2 (100 nm) could be attributed to that (i) the low size of UiO-66-NH2 strengthens mutual alignment and increases outer surface to maximize heterointerface contact with MoS2, accelerating the interfacial charge transfer; (ii) the hierarchical structure of f-MoS2 with optimal basal plane curvature greatly reduces contact barriers to present a high charge throughput with a charge excitation rate of 1.967 mV, smooth initiating the 8-electron CO2 methanation. Additionally, the durability of f-MoS2@UiO-66-NH2 (100 nm) was also investigated.

Electronic-supply crystal facet guiding enhancement of interfacial charge transfer in homologous covalent heterojunction NiO/Ni-BDC for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction

Heterojunction engineering has been an effective strategy to improve separation of charge carriers and photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalysts. Where and how to build effective interface connections for facilitating interface charge migration has always been the key to the construction of high-performance heterojunction. Here, a series of covalently linked homologous heterojunction photocatalysts NiO(111)/Ni-BDC (Ni-BDC = Ni3(BDC)2(OH)2(H2O)4; H2BDC = terephthalic acid) were fabricated by H2BDC in-situ etching octahedral NiO(111) and fully characterized, which were used for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 (pCO2RR) into CH4 and CO. The NiO(111)/Ni-BDC-3 with a proper component proportion and etching degree exhibited an optimal pCO2RR performance with an electron consumption rate (Rele) of 222.68 μmol·g−1·h−1, an excellent CH4 production rate of 21.32 μmol‧g−1‧h−1 and a 76.6% CH4 selectivity, being far superior to most oxide/inorganic semiconductor and oxide/MOF heterojunctions. Comprehensive investigations with extensive photoelectric characterizations, control experiments and DFT calculations based on the homologous NiO(100)/Ni-BDC and non-homologous NiO(100)-Ni-BDC heterojunctions demonstrated that the excellent photocatalytic activity and methane selectivity of NiO(111)/Ni-BDC-3 could be attributed to two points: i) The homologous coordination etching forms a full range of interfacial covalent connections to promote tight MOF-semiconductor integration, yielding a large number of atomic-level electron transfer channels to accelerate the interfacial charge transfer; ii) the alternating polar Ni-O-Ni layer arrangement in NiO(111) crystal facet induces high-throughput electron supply and the enhanced surface charge density effectively promotes the 8-electron reduction process of methane production. Additionally, the durability of NiO(111)/Ni-BDC-3 and the possible charge-transfer mechanisms were also systematically investigated.

Retracted: FPGA-Based Photoelectric Detection Control System with Image Signal Acquisition

Retracted: FPGA-Based Photoelectric Detection Control System with Image Signal Acquisition

Short Distance Detection and Control System Based on Photoelectric Sensor and Its Application in Target Detection of Handling Robot

The photoelectric sensor is an electronic device that is widely used in industrial automation processes. The device uses light to detect whether an object exists. The photoelectric sensor detection control system is the core part of the photoelectric sensor. The system includes sensor processing chip, control circuit, detection optical structure and automatic teaching control algorithm. In this research, the core control chip of the automatic teaching system and the core part of the control circuit of the short-distance photoelectric sensor are set up. The modular circuit around the above chip is designed. The optical structure of the sensor is designed by Position sensitive sensor (PSD) photoelectric accessories and triangulation method. Meanwhile, the core circuit control chip (CSP) is applied to complete the basic functions of the short-distance photoelectric sensor. Among them, the optical structure is designed to collect and process the optical signal of the detected object. Based on this, the I/V conversion is needed after collecting the optical signal by PSD, and then the signal processing is carried out. The fuzzy PID control model is used to solve the problem that the control object cannot accurately establish the mathematical model. The designed photoelectric sensor is used for the handling robot, and the D-H mathematical model of the handling robot is established. The Robotics toolbox provided by MatLab is used to simulate the movement of the robot, and the sensor is used to detect the target of the robot grabbing. The experimental results show that the sensor uploads the coordinate information of the object to be grabbed to the software interface, and the handling robot can accurately grab the object with the help of the photoelectric sensor, and place it in the corresponding position according to the appearance color of different objects to be grabbed.

Agricultural machinery photoelectric automatic navigation control system based on back propagation neural network

So as to study the influence of speed factors on the stability of tractor automatic navigation system, combined with neural network control theory, the author proposed a dual-objective joint sliding mode control method based on lateral position deviation and heading angle deviation, using back propagation neural network to establish two-wheel tractor-path dynamics model and straight-line path tracking deviation model, the overall system simulation was carried out by using Matlab/Simulink, and the reliability of the control method was verified. The experimental results showed: when the tractor was tracked with the automatic control of linear path under the condition of the variable speed, the maximum deviation of the lateral position deviation was 12.7cm, and the average absolute deviation was kept within 4.88cm; the maximum deviation of the heading angle deviation was 5°, and the average absolute deviation was kept within 2°; the maximum value of the actual rotation angle was 3.13°, and the standard deviation of the fluctuation was within 0.84°. Under the condition of constant speed and variable speed, using the joint sliding mode control method designed by the author, the dual-objective joint control of lateral position deviation and heading angle deviation could be realized, the controlled overshoot was small, the controlled deviation was small after reaching a stable state, and the adaptability to speed factors was strong, which basically could meet the accuracy requirements of farmland operations.

A multi-sensor cooperative detection target tracking method based on radar-optical linkage control

Radar is a common means of tracking a target, and with active enemy interference, it often causes the target to lose its track, thus causing the radar to lose continuous tracking of the target. To improve the tracking effect, a multi-sensor cooperative detection target tracking method based on radar photoelectric linkage control was established. The study is based on radar photoelectric linkage, constant velocity (CV), constant acceleration (CA) and current statistical model (CSM) as the mathematical model of moving targets for this study. Improved interactive multi-model (IMM) and standard IMM were compared for targets in different motion states, as well as single sensor electronic support measures (ESM) and multi-sensor electronic support measures (ESM), infrared search and track (IRST). The research results show that in variable speed motion, the improved IMM algorithm and multiple sensors are used for target tracking. The azimuth and elevation tracking errors of the target are low, which can effectively solve the problem of model mismatch during the conversion of motion modes such as CV and CA. The azimuth and elevation image curves fluctuate smoothly, and have high stability. This method can achieve better tracking results.

Light-Driven Ion Transport through Single-Heterojunction Nanopores.

Inspired by natural photosynthesis, light has become an emerging ionic behavior regulator and ion-pumping source. Nanoprocessing technology has allowed the bridge between the light-regulated nanofluids and the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which inspires applications like energy harvesting and enhances fundamental understandings in nanofluidics. However, unlike light-induced ion pumping based on densely layered membranes with multiple nanochannels, experimental implementation on atomically thin materials featuring only a single nanochannel remains challenging. Here, we report light-induced ion pumping based on a single artificial heterojunction nanopore. Under light illumination, the induced current through a single nanopore reaches tens of picoamperes. The hole-electron separation originating from the optoelectrical property of a van der Waals PN junction is proposed to capture the light-driven ion transport. Further, different methods are adopted to modify the ion behavior and response time, presenting potential applications in fluidic photoenergy harvesting, photoelectric ion transport control, and bionic artificial neurons.

Research on Servo Control Algorithm of Photoelectric Stabilized Platform Based on Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection

Aiming at the problems of parameters to be modified and the indistinct physical meaning of the photoelectric stabilization platform control based on the principle of active disturbance rejection, a sliding mode active disturbance rejection control algorithm is proposed. The mathematical model of the control system of the two-axis optoelectronic stabilization platform is established. The external disturbance and various order states of the airborne optoelectronic stabilization platform are estimated in actual time by using the extended state observer, and the optimal control function is constructed by the sliding mode reaching law to complete the nonlinear reactive reactance. The optimization of the disturbance controller structure is carried out, and the algorithm is verified by Matlab simulation. The simulation results show that after the photoelectric stabilization platform adopts the sliding mode ADRC controller, it not only retains the advantages of strong nonlinear ADRC resistance to load disturbance, but also can effectively suppress the external disturbance and realize the high-precision position of the photoelectric stabilization platform control.

Optimization Method of High-Precision Control Device for Photoelectric Detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on POS Data

With the rapid development of modern technology, due to the light-weight, small size, and good concealment, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has received much attention from the society and has been vigorously promoted. Photoelectric tracking detection system is an important means in the field of modern detection. The combination of a UAV and photoelectric detection system can effectively play an important role in reconnaissance and exploration, target positioning, communication, and navigation. At present, the relevant personnel have higher and higher requirements for the accuracy of the photoelectric detection function of UAV, and the original POS data relied on by the existing photoelectric detection devices of UAV has systematic errors, which leads to the low accuracy of photoelectric detection control. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the high-precision control of the photoelectric detection device of UAV, this paper designed an optimization method for the high-precision control device of photoelectric detection of UAV based on POS data. Firstly, the improved PID control algorithm is applied to the optimization of the UAV control device, and secondly the error correction model is established by analyzing the error source, and the original POS data is corrected by the model. This paper used the designed high-precision control device optimization algorithm and the traditional algorithm to compare the stability control experiments of the UAV platform, respectively. The experimental results showed that the application of the improved UAV photoelectric detection control device optimization method could effectively improve the control device optimization accuracy of UAV photoelectric detection by 8.23%, which was conducive to the efficient implementation of the project.

FPGA-Based Photoelectric Detection Control System with Image Signal Acquisition

It has as of late been feasible to foster calculations for video picture handling utilizing field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). A wide scope of video picture handling applications has been made conceivable by the FPGA’s exceptional plan. On two FPGA structures, three such calculations will be executed in FPGAs in this paper. Programming has developed less valuable in video handling as picture sizes and bit profundities have expanded. Video handling requires rapid continuous frameworks like those that are the focal point of this review. Satellite and ground-based identification frameworks create a great deal of information, which may be hard to manage. Specifically, lessening how much information to be handled by DSP frameworks guarantees that main applicable information is given to a human expert. Video handling in what is to come is probably going to depend on DSP frameworks, with minimal human mediation. Human information investigators are costly and may not be totally exact; accordingly, this is obviously invaluable.

Controlled Optoelectronic Response in van der Waals Heterostructures for In‐Sensor Computing

AbstractIn‐sensor computing with visual information, which can integrate photo‐sensing, data storage, and computation functions within the same physical element, has promised a fundamentally different architecture for future machine vision technology with extreme energy and time efficiency. The elementary devices required to fulfil the goal of such a new sensory computation scheme would demand a bold functional variation to the existing sensor and data processing hardware. Here, a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure‐based optoelectronic transistor that can act as an integrated photoreceptor, memory, and computation unit by exploiting its own physical attributes is demonstrated. It is found that diverse photoelectric control of device conductance can lead to versatile photoresponse characteristics, including memristive behaviors, retention‐, polarity‐ and strength‐tunable photoconductance, photoelectric‐coupling effect, etc. Exploiting the photoelectric‐coupling effect, reconfigurable and nonvolatile optoelectronic logic functions are realized in this device, featuring a logic‐in‐sensor unit. With the same device, both short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity can be faithfully emulated, rendering it an optoelectronic synaptic transistor. Moreover, a psychologic human memory model is implemented with the device, showing the emulation of memorization and learning processes. This prototypical demonstration provides a promising hardware system for visual information in‐sensor computing capable of addressing complex computation tasks.

Data Detection Device for Turret Motion Image Using Photoelectric Tracking Control System and Its Performance Analysis

The photoelectric tracking control system is a system composed of photoelectric signal detection, signal processing, servo control system and mechanical structure, which plays a crucial role in the field of target tracking. The turret needs to be tested when it leaves the factory, including high-low direction, horizontal direction, aiming speed and other indicators. Moreover, there are large errors in the manual testing methods such as recorder and recording pen, so the photoelectric tracking device is used for the detection of the turret system. First, the hardware of the photoelectric tracking system is designed, including the main control circuit, peripheral expansion module circuit, intelligent power drive circuit and a detection circuit. The system is connected to the camera. The optical signal sent by the system will hit the fixed target. The upper computer will track the trajectory of the light in real-time and then track the trajectory of the turret to obtain the coordinates of the optical signal and the offset angular velocity of the turret. First, color conversion is conducted on the image data collected by photoelectric tracking through the weighted average method. The complete motion path of the turret is obtained through an image denoising algorithm to obtain the motion speed of the turret. In the test, the photoelectric tracking system is first connected to the motor, and enters a stable state when the motor rotor is 80 ms. The rotor speed is faster. When the rotor speed decreases, the system’s current ripple is large, and then decreases rapidly. After the control system is installed in the turret, its display can be driven by FPGA programming. The VGA display of influence time is set, the editing program is downloaded to the FPGA development board, and the gray image of the turret motion track can be seen through the VGA display.

Multispectral higher-order Fano resonant metasurface based on periodic twisted DNA-like split ring arrays with three modulation methods.

The active modulation of the Fano resonance is rare but desirable. However, recent studies mostly focused on a single modulation method and few reported the use of three photoelectric control methods. A tunable graphene DNA-like metamaterial modulator with multispectral Fano resonance is demonstrated. In experimentally fabricated metamaterials with six photoelectric joint modulation patterns, each joint shows different optoelectrical response characteristics. Ultrahigh modulation depth (MD) up to 982% was achieved at 1.5734 THz with a 1.040 A external laser pump by involving combined optoelectrical methods. These results show that the metasurface modulator is a promising platform for higher-order Fano resonance modulation and communication fields.

Photoelectric Tracking Servo Control System and Its Data Mining Adoption

Photoelectric tracking control system is a system composed of photoelectric signal detection, signal processing, servo control system, and mechanical structure, which plays an important role in the field of target tracking. In the design process, the overall design scheme of the system is firstly proposed. In the photoelectric signal detection part, a conversion device for mercury thermometer in non-electric environment is designed. The temperature scale on traditional mercury thermometer is converted into light intensity by optical method, optical signal is transmitted by optical fiber, and data processing is realized by single chip microcomputer. Giving that the influence of optical path disturbance on the temperature measurement accuracy of photoelectric conversion device, the dual optical path compensation method is adopted to overcome the possible optical path disturbance in the device. At the same time, the other hardware structure of the control system is also designed, including the main control circuit and peripheral expansion module circuit. In view of PID control can’t solve the contradiction between tracking accuracy and speed, data mining technology is used to improve it. In the experiment, the photoelectric signal detection device is firstly tested. Model 202-O electric thermostat and CENTER300 thermocouple thermometer are selected. The electric thermostat is used to change the temperature, and the thermocouple thermometer records the temperature change. The results show that the device has good performance in the whole temperature measurement range, and the temperature fluctuation is between [±0.08 °C,±0.26 °C], which basically meets the accuracy requirements of the device. When the control system electrode is set at 2,000 rpm, the startup and braking operation shows that the system can enter steady state in a short time. The introduction of data mining technology can reduce the regulation time of the system and reduce the interference of overshoot to the normal operation of the system.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ГІБРИДНІЙ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ З АКУМУЛЯТОРОМ ДЛЯ ПОТРЕБ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ОБ’ЄКТУ

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of a hybrid photoelectric system with a rechargeable battery for the needs of the local object by improving the management of the forecast with simulation of energy processes in the system, development of principles for the implementation of energy management systems.Methodology. Analysis of energy processes in the electrical circuits of the photoelectric system with the formalization of the principles of control reconfiguration and the use of computer modeling based on archival data of photoelectric battery generation to evaluate the efficiency of energy management.Findings. Block structures and the general structure of the model of energy processes in the system for the daily cycle of work with an estimation of the cost of electricity consumed from the grid have been developed. The principles of control modes and power consumption of the system according to the forecast of photoelectric battery generation were formalized.Originality. The principles of setting the battery current according to the forecast of photoelectric energy generation, the state of battery charge and the power limit consumed from the grid have been improved. It will help to make better use of the energy of the photoelectric battery and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. The mathematical model of the rechargeable battery, built on the manufacturer's catalog data has been improved. The formalization of energy processes in the system with the use of additional variables, which provide reconfiguration of work with regulation of photoelectric battery generation or battery current and taking into account the power limit consumed from the grid is substantiated.Practical value. The obtained solutions are the basis for designing photoelectric control systems to meet the needs of local objects.

Photoelectric tracking servo control method based on active disturbance rejection algorithm

The predecessor of China Optics was China Optics and Applied Optics Digest, which was founded in 1985. At that time, it was the only retrieval journal in the field of optics in China. At the end of 2008, China Optics and Applied Optics Digest was renamed

Photoelectric pod control method based on sliding mode variable structure control and prediction tracking

光电吊舱在稳像和目标跟踪过程中存在摩擦力矩、不平衡力矩等干扰力矩，从而影响速度环响应精度；另一方面，吊舱视频跟踪器图像传输和处理造成的延迟也会造成跟踪滞后，因此必须进行延时补偿。提出基于预测跟踪的滑模变结构控制方法，采用微分预测跟踪器实现对视频跟踪器的延迟补偿，采用预测跟踪器估计出的目标运动角速率构成自适应补偿参数，以调整滑模变结构控制量，改进的滑模控制算法在补偿干扰力矩的同时抑制了抖振现象。仿真及实验结果表明：改进的控制方法能够有效补偿干扰力矩和跟踪器延迟造成的误差，相对于传统PID控制，其跟踪误差减小为原来的1/3，并且该算法已经在相关系统上得到应用。

Two-Stage Converter Standalone PV-Battery System Based on VSG Control

Standalone solar PV systems have emerged as potential alternatives to electricity problems in areas where a grid is unavailable. Obtaining full power from a photoelectric system, DC-DC inverter, DC-AC converter, and control system presents great difficulties when building these devices. A standalone two-stage approach is introduced in this work with a boost converter followed by an inverter and a battery with a bidirectional converter. In this paper, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller is designed and implemented to adjust the inverter output. The VSG element and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in this study serve the following purposes: to adjust the inverter output and to realize the maximum power of the PV scheme. The new control strategy design was evaluated and validated using extensive MATLAB simulations under different scenarios, including load variations. The system output was evaluated using extensive MATLAB simulations. A hands-on experiment was conducted for the VSG using console testing. Due to the lack of laboratory equipment, we could not experiment with the entire system.

Adaptive compound control based on generalized Bouc-Wen inverse hysteresis modeling in piezoelectric actuators.

This paper focuses on the study of the dynamic hysteresis compensation and control of piezoelectric actuators so as to improve the swing accuracy of the piezoelectric fast steering mirror mechanism in the photoelectric compound-axis control system. Moreover, in view of the rate dependence and asymmetry of piezoelectric hysteresis, and the complex inversion process of the generalized Bouc-Wen hysteresis model, the Hammerstein dynamic inverse hysteresis model of the piezoelectric actuator is established. To be specific, the static nonlinearity and rate dependence of the piezoelectric inverse hysteresis are represented by the generalized Bouc-Wen inverse model and the auto-regressive exogenous model, respectively, and the parameters of the model are identified by the adaptive beetle swarm optimization algorithm. In the process of the open-loop feedforward compensation, the dynamic positioning accuracy of the piezoelectric actuator is greatly affected by various disturbances and the uncertainty of the hysteresis compensation model. In this context, a compound control strategy that combines the feedforward compensation with the single-neuron adaptive proportion-integration-differentiation control is proposed based on the Hammerstein dynamic inverse hysteresis model of the piezoelectric actuator. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.

Photo-electric capacitive deionization enabled by solar-driven nano-ionics on the edges of plasma-made vertical graphenes

Unimpeded ion traffic in carbon materials with ionic selectivity remains a challenge in electrochemical energy storage and chemical purifications represented by capacitive deionization (CDI) of potable and industrial water. In this work, a new concept of solar nano-ionics is developed to directly feed solar energy into photocarriers and localized electric fields near the edges of graphene nanostructures that enable effective, mobility-based ion transport with high mass exchange rates and selectivity. This concept is applied to demonstrate the new approach for CDI, namely the photo-electric capacitive deionization (PECDI), enabled by the solar-enhanced ionic transport. Materialized by edge-enhanced vertical graphenes (eVG), the photocarriers are localized along the edge nano-antennas of eVG to boost the edge-localized electric fields by two orders of magnitude, as confirmed by near-field photo-induced force microscopy. The localized photo-electric fields control and restructure the nano-ionic flows leading to selective transport of ions with different mobility and dramatically enhanced kinetics, as validated by in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. With the photo-enhanced ionic transport kinetics, an average adsorption capacity of 33 mg g−1 at 200 mg L–1 (165 mg g−1 at 5000 mg L–1), a fast adsorption/desorption response and the impressive efficiency are achieved. This work opens a new avenue for solar-enhanced nano-ionic manipulation, which can be extended for a broad range of chemical engineering, energy, and environmental applications.