Photocatalytic Degradation Of Bisphenol A Research Articles

Degradation mechanisms and toxicity determination of bisphenol A by FeOx-activated peroxydisulfate under ultraviolet light

ABSTRACT Ultraviolet light (UV)-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are commonly used to degrade organic contaminants. However, this reaction system's extensive comprehension of the degradation mechanisms and toxicity assessment remains inadequate. This study focuses on investigating the degradation mechanisms and pathways of bisphenol A (BPA), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and toxicity of degradation intermediates in UV/PDS/ferrous composites (FeOx) systems. The degradation rate of BPA gradually increased from the initial 11.92% to 100% within 120 min. Sulfate radicals ( SO 4 . − ), hydroxyl radicals (.OH), superoxide anions ( O 2 . − ), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the primary factors in the photocatalytic degradation of BPA in the UV/PDS/FeOx systems. The main reactions of BPA in this system were deduced to be β-bond cleavage, hydroxyl substitution reaction, hydrogen bond cleavage, and oxidation reaction. A trend of decreasing toxicity for the degradation intermediates of BPA was observed according to the toxicity investigations. The efficient degradation of BPA in UV/PDS/FeOx systems provided theoretical data for AOPs, which will improve the understanding of organic contaminants by FeOx in natural industry wastewater.

Enhancing Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Using BiOI/Bi2MoO6 Heterostructures.

With the growing population, access to clean water is one of the 21st-century world's challenges. For this reason, different strategies to reduce pollutants in water using renewable energy sources should be exploited. Photocatalysts with extended visible light harvesting are an interesting route to degrade harmful molecules utilized in plastics, as is the case of Bisphenol A (BPA). This work uses a microwave-assisted route for the synthesis of two photocatalysts (BiOI and Bi2MoO6). Then, BiOI/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures of varied ratios were produced using the same synthetic routes. The BiOI/Bi2MoO6 with a flower-like shape exhibited high photocatalytic activity for BPA degradation compared to the individual BiOI and Bi2MoO6. The high photocatalytic activity was attributed to the matching electronic band structures and the interfacial contact between BiOI and Bi2MoO6, which could enhance the separation of photo-generated charges. Electrochemical, optical, structural, and chemical characterization demonstrated that it forms a BiOI/Bi2MoO6 p-n heterojunction. The free radical scavenging studies showed that superoxide radicals (O2•-) and holes (h+) were the main reactive species, while hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation was negligible during the photocatalytic degradation of BPA. The results can potentiate the application of the microwave synthesis of photocatalytic materials.

Light-Driven MXene-Based Microrobots: Mineralization of Bisphenol A to CO2 and H2 O.

Light-driven magnetic MXene-based microrobots (MXeBOTs) have been developed as an active motile platform for efficiently removing and degrading bisphenol A (BPA). Light-driven MXeBOTs are facilitated with the second control engine, i.e., embedded Fe2 O3 nanoparticles (NPs) for magnetic propulsion. The grafted bismuth NPs act as cocatalysts. The effect of the BPA concentration and the chemical composition of the swimming environment on the stability and reusability of the MXeBOTs are studied. The MAXBOTs, a developed motile water remediation platform, demonstrate the ability to remove/degrade approximately 60% of BPA within just 10 min and achieve near-complete removal/degradation (≈100%) within 1 h. Above 86% of BPA is mineralized within 1 h. The photocatalytic degradation of BPA using Bi/Fe/MXeBOTs demonstrates a significant advantage in the mineralization of BPA to CO2 and H2 O.

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) over titanium dioxide, and determination of its by-products by HF-LPME/GC-MS

In this work, analytical strategies were developed based on the technique of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and chromatographic methods (LC-UV and GC/MS). These methods allowed the identification of the main Bisphenol-A by-products applying heterogeneous photocatalysis in water samples. BPA degradation in this study was in the order of 90%, and the conditions used in the HF-LPME were optimized through 23 factorial design (6 cm fiber length, stirring speed of 750 rpm, and an extraction time of 30 min). Using a HF-LPME/GC-MS analytical strategy, it was possible to identify six by-products of BPA photodegradation, two of which have not been reported in the literature so far. This knowledge was quite important since the degradation can lead to the formation of more toxic and persistent by-products than the BPA. With the Toxtree software, three degradation products were found to be persistent to the environment, in addition to BPA; however, in 360 minutes of reaction, chromatographic peaks of the precursors were not identified, suggesting that there may have been a total degradation of these compounds. The results showed a great application potential of a miniaturized extraction technique to extract and pre-concentrate the degradation products of emerging contaminants.

Noble-metal-free Co-N-graphene/PDI for significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance

Single-atom based photocatalysts have been widely used in the degradation of organic pollutants due to their excellent activity, nearly 100 % atomic utilization efficiency and well-defined active centers. Here, we propose a single Co atom cocatalyst coordinated by nitrogen-doped graphene (Co-NG) to enhance the photocatalytic activity of perylene diimide (PDI) toward bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Firstly, the self-assembled PDI on the surface of Co-NG exhibits a uniform dispersion state, which facilitates electron transport across the interface. Secondly, Nitrogen-doped graphene can act as a charge transfer bridge to facilitate charge migration from PDI to single Co atom catalytic center. Therefore, in the photocatalytic degradation of BPA, the Co-NG/PDI composite photocatalyst showed a significant increase in activity. 7 % Co-NG/PDI composite possesses the best photocatalytic performance, and the apparent rate is 6.64 times and 7.6 times higher than those of self-assembled PDI and Co-NG. The excellent activity is due to its high photogenerated carrier migration and transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the results of free radical capture experiment and ESR test confirm that singlet oxygen, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hole are the main active species in the degradation process of BPA. We detected the intermediate products and proposed the degradation by LC-MS analysis. This study may provide a promising sunlight-driven photocatalyst for the treatment of the BPA in wastewater.

Immobilized BiOCl0.75I0.25/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in the presence of effluent organic matter

The BiOCl0.75I0.25/g-C3N4 nanosheet (BCI-CN) was successfully immobilized on polyolefin polyester fiber (PPF) through the hydrothermal method. The novel immobilized BiOCl0.75I0.25/g-C3N4 nanocomposites (BCI-CN-PPF) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) to confirm that BCI-CN was successfully immobilized on PPF with abundant oxygen vacancies reserved. Under simulated solar light irradiation, 100 % of bisphenol A (BPA) with an initial concentration of 10 mg·L−1 was degraded by BCI-CN-PPF (0.2 g·L−1 of BCI-CN immobilized) after 60 min. A similar photocatalytic efficiency of BPA was obtained in the presence of effluent organic matter (EfOM). The photocatalytic degradation of BPA was not affected by EfOM <5 mg-C/L. In comparison, the photocatalytic performance was considerably inhibited by EfOM with a concentration of 10 mg-C/L. Furthermore, photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals predominated in the photocatalytic degradation processes of BPA. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies of BPA and EfOM were 75.2 % and 50 % in the BCI-CN-PPF catalytic system. The BPA removal efficiency of 94.9 % was still achieved in the eighth cycle of repeated use. This study provides a promising immobilized nanocomposite with high photocatalytic activity and excellent recyclability and reusability for practical application in wastewater treatment.

Porous Oxygen-Doped g-C3N4 with the Different Precursors for Excellent Photocatalytic Activities under Visible Light.

Antibiotic contamination has received widespread attention globally. In this work, the oxygen-doped porous graphite carbonitride (g-C3N4) was prepared with urea and ammonium oxalate (CNUC) or urea and glycine (CNUG) as precursors by thermal polymerization. Using bisphenol A (BPA) as a probe and CNUC or CNUG as photocatalysts, the removal performance test was carried out. Meanwhile, all prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL and EIS. Under visible light irradiation, both CNUC and CNUG exhibited about seven and five times greater photocatalytic activity than that of pure g-C3N4, respectively. The radical capture experiments verified that superoxide radicals (•O2−) and holes (h+) were the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of BPA by CNUC, and the possible photocatalytic mechanism of CNUC was proposed. In addition, all these results indicate that CNUC catalyst can effectually inhibit the photocorrosion and keep superior stability. The proposed technique provides a prospective approach to develop nonmetal-modified photocatalysts for future applications.

Synthesis, Property Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of the Ag3PO4/Gd2BiTaO7 Heterojunction Catalyst under Visible Light Irradiation

A new type of Gd2BiTaO7 nanocatalyst (GBT) was synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method, and a heterojunction photocatalyst, which was composed of GBT and silver phosphate (AP), was prepared by the facile in-situ precipitation method for the first time. The photocatalytic property of GBT or the Ag3PO4/Gd2BiTaO7 heterojunction photocatalyst (AGHP) was reported. The structural properties of GBT and AGHP were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope–X-ray energy dispersive spectra, an X-ray photoelectron spectrograph, a synchrotron-based ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscope, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, an UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer and an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. The results displayed that GBT was well crystallized with a stable cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. The lattice parameter or band gap energy of GBT was found to be a = 10.740051 Å or 2.35 eV, respectively. After visible light irradiation of 30 min, the removal rate of bisphenol A (BPA) reached 99.52%, 95.53% or 37.00% with AGHP as the photocatalyst, with Ag3PO4 and potassium persulfate (AP-PS) as photocatalysts or with N-doped TiO2 (NT) as a photocatalyst, respectively. According to the experimental data, it could be found that the removal rate of BPA with AGHP as a photocatalyst was 2.69 times higher than that with NT as a photocatalyst. AGHP showed higher photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of BPA under visible light irradiation compared with GBT or AP-PS or NT. The removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was 96.21%, 88.10% or 30.55% with AGHP as a photocatalyst, with AP-PS as photocatalysts or with NT as a photocatalyst after visible light irradiation of 30 min. The above results indicated that AGHP possessed the maximal mineralization percentage ratio during the process of degrading BPA compared with GBT or AP-PS or NT. The results indicated that the main oxidation radical was •OH during the process of degrading BPA. The photocatalytic degradation of BPA with AGHP as a photocatalyst conformed to the first-order reaction kinetics. This study provided inspiration for obtaining visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts with high catalytic activity and efficient removal technologies for organic pollutants and toxic pollutants, and as a result, the potential practical applications of visible light-responsive heterojunction photocatalysts were widened. The subsequent research of thin-film plating of the heterojunction catalysts and the construction of complete photoluminescent thin-film catalytic reaction systems, which utilized visible light irradiation, could provide new technologies and perspectives for the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment industry.

Photo-catalytic degradation of bisphenol-a from aqueous solutions using GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD hybrid composite.

In this photocatalytic study, removal of bisphenol-A from aqueous solution was studied using the GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD composite. Due to its health and environmental effects, this compound should be disposed of sources that are mainly industrial wastewater. The phis-chemical properties of the composite were determined by traditional analyzes of EF-SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR and DRS. In this study, different ratios of CQD in the composite (1.5, 4.5 and 7.5wt%), pH, and bisphenol-A concentration as variable parameters were investigated. All analyzes, EF-SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR, show that the GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD composite is well coated on glass fibers (GF) and all the elements in the catalyst are present. On the other hand, DRS analysis showed that CQD reduces the band gap of Fe-TiO2 from 2.96eV to 2.91eV, it was 3.10eV for TiO2. Among different catalysts, GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD4.5wt% has the best performance. The results showed that for GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD4.5wt%, optimum for the process was at pH = 6 in low concentration of bisphenol-A. The first order model for the photocatalytic degradation process were well studied. In addition, GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD4.5wt% showed that it can be used many times with a minimal reduction in performance. As a result, the GF/Fe-TiO2-CQD4.5wt% composite can successfully remove bisphenol-A form in synthetic aqueous solution. However, it is necessary to further studies to applied that for real water source in water and wastewater treatment plants.

Degradation mechanism, reaction pathways and kinetics for the mineralization of Bisphenol A using hybrid ZnO/graphene oxide nano-catalysts

Removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) from surface waters is necessary before consumption. A study, therefore, was conducted to degrade BPA using graphene oxide, ZnO and ZnO decorated on graphene oxide. Hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the hybrid nano-catalysts. 99.5% photocatalytic degradation of BPA was achieved by using ZG0.6 nano-catalyst in comparison to bare ZnO and GO nano-catalysts at natural pH of 7.5 in 60 min of UV irradiation. The higher photocatalytic activity of ZG0.6 nano-catalyst could be ascribed to an improved surface area, efficient charge separation as well as the decreased recombination rate of electron-hole charge carriers, leading to the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals for the degradation of BPA. Photocatalytic degradation followed Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with pseudo-first-order kinetics. The degradation mechanism is also detailed with identification of reaction intermediates. Degradation pathways, based on LCMS analysis, have been proposed. The pathways revealed the formation of smaller by-products such as phenol, hydroquinol and (Z)-3-hydroxyacrylaldehyde. The developed ZG0.6 nano-catalyst were found to be reusable for consecutive five runs without much loss in the activity and have the advantage of effective charge separation.

Hydrothermal preparation of B–TiO2-graphene oxide ternary nanocomposite, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A under simulated solar irradiation

Boron-doped TiO2 decorated on graphene oxide photocatalysts (denoted as GO@B–TiO2) were prepared for the effective photocatalytic treatment of bisphenol A (BPA) from water under simulated solar light. To prepare GO@B–TiO2 nanocomposites, B–TiO2 was initially synthesized via a sol-gel procedure and subsequently decorated on graphene oxide at 70 °C, by a facile hydrothermal method. Characterization results show that B–TiO2 particles are anchored on the surface of graphene oxide successfully. Their photocatalytic efficiency could also be adjusted by changing the ratios between B–TiO2 and GO. The optimum GO loading is 2 wt%, at which GO@B–TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst could achieve the best BPA degradation percentage of 47.66% compared with B–TiO2 materials (18.78%) after 240 min of solar irradiation. The dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during the photocatalytic abatement of BPA were determined to be O2.- and .OH. The presence of carbonate and chloride induced moderate inhibitory effect on GO@B–TiO2 (2 wt% GO), while bicarbonate and nitrate displayed only minor effect towards photocatalytic degradation of BPA. Based on these results, the as-prepared nanocomposites may be used as efficient and promising photocatalysts in secondary treatments to degrade recalcitrant contaminants in water exploiting the visible-light region of the full solar spectrum.

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A with g-C3N4/MoS2-PANI nanocomposite: Kinetics, main active species, intermediates and pathways

The novel highly porous photocatalyst g-C3N4/MoS2-PANI (polyaniline) is fabricated successfully via an in-situ polymerization and is characterized via UV–vis DRS, FTIR, TGA, SEM, XRD, TEM, XPS and BET. The synergistic effect of MoS2 and g-C3N4 into PANI matrix prompted its outstanding catalytic activities for bisphenol-A (BPA) degradation in liquid solution. The photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalyst reaches to about 92.66% degradation of BPA that was recorded within 60 min. The scavenger or radical trapping effect supports the role of the photogenerated species and its interaction for the degradation of BPA. The chemical kinetics and possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism were also described and supported theoretical calculation DFT. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposite exhibits outstanding reusability and shows excellent catalytic activity after six cycles, offering a facile and active process for the treatment of toxic organic pollutants under visible light and that can be used for the environmental remediation.

Photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol-A in water under sunlight irradiation over ZnO nanoparticles fabricated by Ethiopian cactus pear fruit peel infusions

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is found as a persistent endocrine disruptor chemical in most environmental monitoring. Hence, in this research degradation of BPA was carried out under irradiation of sunlight in the presence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) synthesized using cactus pear fruit peel (CPFP) infusions. The fabricated ZnO-NPs exhibited greater photocatalytic efficiency of BPA under sunlight irradiation and near-complete mineralization of BPA was achieved. The degradation percentage was sturdily reliant on factors such as the catalyst size (10−50 nm) and structure (hexagonal), BPA concentration (10 mg L−1), catalyst load (25 mg L−1) and irradiation time (8 h) and pH (6.5). This study proposed that the cactus pear fruit peel mediated ZnO-NPs (CP-ZnO-NPs) photocatalytic degradation is an adaptable, pecuniary, environmentally beneficent and proficient method for BPA deduction in the aqueous phase.

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A in aqueous solution by calcined PbO semiconductor irradiated with visible light

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A in aqueous solution by calcined PbO semiconductor irradiated with visible light

Solar-driven photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants over direct Z-scheme coral-branch shape Bi2O3/SnO2 composites

Here, we report a feasible strategy to construct a Z-scheme Bi2O3/SnO2 composite via a facile hydrothermal method. Photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalysts was evaluated through photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under simulated sunlight irradiation. A photocatalytic efficiency of 93.42% was achieved by 1Bi2O3/SnO2 during 60 min of irradiation, which was 14.97- and 2.54-fold greater than the photocatalytic efficiency of pure SnO2 and Bi2O3, respectively. In addition, the composite was effective in the photocatalytic decomposition of several antibiotics. Degradation conditions, such as the catalyst dosage, the initial concentration, and pH of BPA aqueous solution, were also investigated. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bi2O3/SnO2 composites was attributable to the increased absorption of light, as well as the effective separation of photo-induced carriers that resulted from the formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction. The main active species in photocatalytic degradation of BPA by Bi2O3/SnO2 composite were h+ and 1O2. This highly efficient and broad-spectrum photocatalyst renders it a promising candidate for water pollution control.

Reduced Graphene Oxide–P25 Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water

Reduced graphene oxide–titanium dioxide photocatalyst (rGO–TiO2) was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The rGO–TiO2 was used as photocatalyst for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), which is a typical endocrine disruptor of the environment. Characterization of photocatalysts and photocatalytic experiments under different conditions were performed for studying the structure and properties of photocatalysts. The characterization results showed that part of the anatase type TiO2 was converted into rutile type TiO2 after hydrothermal treatment and 1% rGO–P25 had the largest specific surface area (52.174 m2/g). Photocatalytic experiments indicated that 1% rGO–P25 had the best catalytic effect, and the most suitable concentration was 0.5 g/L. When the solution pH was 5.98, the catalyst was the most active. Under visible light, the three photocatalytic mechanisms were ranked as follows: O2•− &gt; •OH &gt; h+. 1% rGO–P25 also had strong photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic degradation of BPA under sunlight irradiation. 1% rGO–P25 with 0.5 g/L may be a very promising photocatalyst with a variety of light sources, especially under sunlight for practical applications.

Combination of La-TiO2 and activated carbon fiber for degradation of toxic organic pollutants under the visible light

La-TiO2 combined with activated carbon fiber (ACF) was prepared and used for removal of toxic organic pollutants including bisphenol A (BPA) and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) from aqueous solution. Characterization results showed that La loaded on TiO2 has narrowed bandgap energy of TiO2 and extended adsorbing light in the range of 400–600 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of BPA and 2-CP by various influencing factors such as solution pH, initial concentration of pollutants, reaction time and recycle ability of material were investigated. The results meant that removal of BPA and 2-CP highly dependent on the initial concentration and solution pH. At pH 9.0, and 10 mg/L of initial concentration, the photocatalytic efficiency of La-TiO2/ACF for BPA and 2-CP was achieved 85.7 and 96.3% within 60 min under visible light irradiation, respectively. Afterwards, the photocatalytic properties of recycling and the generated intermediates products from the photocatalytic degradation of BPA and 2-CP were also evaluated.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol-A using N, Co Codoped TiO2 Catalyst under Solar Light

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including heterogeneous photocatalysis has proven as one of the best technique for waste-water treatment. Photocatalytic process using semiconductor like TiO2 based heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising method for the treatment of toxic pollutants. In the present study, visible-light photoactive cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via wet impregnation method. The photocatalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectra, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer (XPS). The photocatalytic activitiy of prepared (N, Co)-codoped TiO2 on the mineralization of Bisphenol-A (BPA) under visible light irradiation was studied and the results were compared to commercial TiO2 (Degussa P25). The results demonstrated that 1.5% Co and 0.5% N – codoped TiO2 samples revealed higher activity than commercial TiO2. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal was observed to be 97%, which indicate the complete mineralization of BPA. GC-MS analysis was carried to find out the possible intermediates formed and reaction pathway.

Fabrication of highly porous N/S doped carbon embedded with ZnS as highly efficient photocatalyst for degradation of bisphenol

In the present study, a novel nanocomposite has been successfully fabricated that contain nitrogen and sulphur doped porous carbon and ZnS nanoparticles. The fabricated nanocomposite has been used as a photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) under visible light. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, SAED, BET and XPS. The results revealed that the fabricated nanocomposite (ZnS/NSDC) exhibited highly porosity due to large surface area 642.24 cm2/g and promising pore volumes. ZnS/NSDC nanocomposite was showed excellent photocatalytic performance for BPA degradation. During the photocatalytic degradation of BPA, several intermediate products with the molecular mass including m/z 151, m/z 133, and m/z 137 were observed using LC-MS analyses. The experimental outcomes are supported by theoretical calculations via, density functional theory (DFT) and elucidate the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of BPA. These efforts suggest that the fabricated ZnS/NSDC nanocomposite exhibits excellent properties to severe threat to environment and can be used as a reusable photocatalyst for the degradation of BPA in aqueous solution.

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol-A under UV-LED, blacklight and solar irradiation

This study aims at investigating the photocatalytic treatment of bisphenol-A (BPA) under various irradiation sources in order to identify cleaner and more sustainable technologies compared to conventional photocatalytic wastewater treatment systems. For this purpose, parallel experimental runs were carried out in two batch-operated slurry photoreactors under UVA irradiation provided by either a light-emitting diode (UV-LED) or a UV blacklight lamp (UV-BL), as well as in a solar compound parabolic collector (CPC) reactor under natural sunlight. The effect of key operating parameters, such as the initial BPA and TiO2 concentrations, water matrix, and treatment time, on the efficiency of the three photocatalytic systems was evaluated. The photocatalytic degradation of BPA was found to fit well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. BPA removal rate increased with catalyst concentration and with decreasing the initial concentration of BPA. The addition of humic acids was found to be inhibitory for all photocatalytic systems. At the best conditions assayed (C0 = 2.5 mg/L, TiO2 = 250 mg/L), BPA was completely degraded within 20, 30, and 120 min under UV-LED, solar, and UV-BL irradiation, respectively. The corresponding reaction rates were 0.230, 0.151, and 0.025 min−1, and TOC removal was 88, 67, and 33% after 90 min of treatment. In all cases, TiO2/UV-LED achieved the highest removal efficiency and it was found to be significantly more energy-efficient than the TiO2/UV-BL system. All in all, LED-driven photocatalysis was found to be advantageous over conventional TiO2/UV-BL systems in terms of performance and sustainability, and an appropriate alternative to solar photocatalysis in areas where sunlight is inadequate.