The existence of micropollutants in wastewater is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the world today. Due to their high stability and resistance to physicochemical and biological degradation, pollutants like hormonally active substances, pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, doping substances, and narcotics among others are difficult to remove in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A potential technology for treating pollutants is photocatalytic biodegradation. The advancements in light-responsive biodegradation technologies—namely, intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB), microbial fuel cells (MFCs), and photobiocatalysis are highlighted in this work. The article identifies opportunities for refining current methodologies. It aims to provide a perspective for future research devoted to assessing and improving pollutant removal.