Photocatalytic Degradation Of Rhodamine Research Articles

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using a reusable and magnetically separable Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO nanocomposite synthesized through green approach utilizing plant leaf extracts

We propose the magnetically separable, green synthesis of Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO using a higher mass ratio of Fe3O4/rGO and varying ZnO concentration to degrade an aqueous solution of Rhodamin B under Fenton reaction and UV light irradiation. Fe3O4 had been synthesized under the coprecipitation method utilizing Moringa oleifera leaf, while rGO had been fabricated by sonicating GO utilizing Amaranthus viridis leaf. Afterward, Fe3O4/rGO was composited under a facile method with a mass ratio of 5:5. And the last, Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO was green-synthesized through precipitation method using Amaranthus viridis leaf with various molarity ratio of Fe3O4/rGO: ZnO equal to 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5. X-ray diffraction revealed the presence of Fe3O4 and ZnO phases, while Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful reduction of GO to rGO. The morphological analysis demonstrated that the particles were nearly spherical, nonuniform, and slightly dispersed, with some agglomeration observed on the rGO sheets. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified metallic functional groups, including Fe–O and Zn–O, at 524–570 cm−1 and 447–462 cm−1, respectively. However, redshift absorption and band gap narrowing were observed as the ZnO concentration increased. Photoluminescence analysis revealed that increased ZnO concentration reduces recombination and improves charge separation efficiency. The vibrating sample magnetometer exhibited soft magnetic properties. The magnetization of Fe3O4/rGO saturated at 21.7 emu/g and diminished as incorporated ZnO. The photodegradation increased with the increase of ZnO concentration, reaching its optimum at 1:5, about 89.9%. Fe3O4/rGO/ZnO demonstrates a possible ecologically friendly photocatalyst for wastewater remediation. The photocatalyst can be reused for up to three cycles with no significant change in its performance. Scavenger evaluation indicates that electrons and holes are the predominant reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction involving Fe₃O₄/rGO/ZnO.

Preparation of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings/quartz sand monolithic composite and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

This study focused on the preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of a monolithic composite made from vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings and quartz sand. Rhodamine B was used as a pollutant model and the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by the prepared composites was investigated. The results indicated that the composite could effectively degraded Rhodamine B, achieving a degradation rate of 98 % within 20 min under optimal conditions. Investigations on the degradation mechanism revealed that dissolved oxygen, superoxide radicals, and the sensitization of Rhodamine B are crucial to the photocatalytic degradation process of Rhodamine B. These results suggest potential benefits for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite tailings.

Boosted photocatalytic degradation performance of TiO2 with enriched oxygen vacancies

In this study, TiO2 with abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) was prepared through a hydrothermal method in the presence of polyphenylsulphone (PPSU). Introduction of PPSU results in enriched OVs within TiO2 and boosted the level of ∙O2-, dramatically ameliorating photogenerated charges separation efficiency and elevating photocatalytic activity. Compared with the reference TiO2, PPSU-TiO2 exhibits enhance activity in photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC). Analysis reveals that ∙O2- serves as the primary active free radicals in RhB degradation by PPSU-TiO2. Furthermore, PPSU-TiO2 maintains high activity over seven successive cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. Therefore, adding PPSU into the synthesis system of TiO2 is proved to be an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic performance.

MoS2–CdS Composite Photocatalyst for Dye Degradation: Enhanced Apparent Quantum Yield and Reduced Energy Consumption

AbstractThis study investigates the visible light‐assisted photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (Rh B) dye using MoS2–CdS nanocomposite. Two crucial operational parameters, illumination time and the weight ratio of MoS2 to CdS, are systematically examined. Approximately, 91.9% of Rh B solution with a concentration of 10 mg/L is degraded by the MoS2–CdS photocatalyst under 60 min of illumination, with a photocatalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L. The results are consistent with a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model, wherein the degradation rate constant of CdS increases fourfold after amalgamation with MoS2. The formation of the composite with MoS2 results in 1.72 times increase in the apparent quantum yield and 3.15 times decrease in the electrical energy consumption per order of CdS nanorods under similar experimental conditions. The investigation also comprehensively explores the reactive species responsible for Rh B degradation under visible light in the presence of MoS2–CdS photocatalyst. This analysis confirms that both hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals play a dominant role in Rh B degradation. These findings underscore the potential practical applications of MoS2–CdS nanorods in eco‐friendly water treatment technologies, offering efficient and sustainable solutions to contemporary environmental challenges.

Rape straw biochar-assisted preparation of flower-like BiOCl with enriched oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction and pollutants degradation

Utilizing photocatalytic technology to transform CO2 into high added value chemical products has represented an effective strategy for alleviating the climate problems that have arisen due to excessive CO2 emissions. As a typical bismuth-based photocatalyst, BiOCl has garnered widespread attention due to its unique layered structure and low toxicity. However, the low light utilization efficiency and the rapid recombination of e−/h+ pairs severely hinder the practical application of BiOCl. Introducing oxygen vacancies (OVs) into BiOCl has been demonstrated to be one of the effective strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of BiOCl. However, introduction of OVs through a mild and cost-effective approach remains a significant challenge. In this work, we developed a strategy for introducing OVs on BiOCl, which indues the growth of BiOCl into flower-like spherical structures and introduction of abundant OVs through addition of rape straw biochar (RC) under hydrothermal conditions. The synergistic interaction of RC and OVs endows with BiOCl more active sites as well as higher photogenerated carriers (e−/h+) separation efficiency. When the mass ratio of RC to BiOCl is 0.5 % (RC-0.5), the sample demonstrates the best performance, conversion of CO2 to CO on the sample is 4.0 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 3.08 times higher than that on the reference BiOCl. Additionally, versatility of the photocatalysts was further evaluated through photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The degradation rate constant of RhB and PFOA on the RC-0.5 sample is 0.0642 min−1 and 0.00566 min−1, respectively, which is 2.26 times and 0.43 times higher than that on the reference BiOCl. Total organic carbon (TOC) experiments demonstrate that RhB can be effectively mineralized into CO2, H2O and small molecules on the photocatalyst. The main reactive species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process were investigated through active free radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). This work provides a viable strategy for the development of high-performance BiOCl photocatalysts for environmental applications.

Preparation of mixed-phase TiO2/Ti3C2 composites by solid-phase milling-roasting: Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

Reasonable interface design is a key factor to improve the activity of photocatalysts. In this paper, TiO2/Ti3C2 composite photocatalyst with high activity of anatase/rutile mixed crystal were prepared by solid-phase milling-roasting method. The microstructure of the mixed-phase TiO2/Ti3C2 composites could be adjusted by the calcination temperature and additive content. The results showed that NaBF4 could promote the transformation of anatase TiO2 to rutile TiO2. An appropriate amount of rutile TiO2 forms a heterojunction with anatase TiO2, which enables efficient charge separation and transfer at the interfaces of the composites. The optimized sample (MT550) showed 98 % degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation within 180 min, which was 8 times higher than that of the sample without added NaBF4. This study presents a strategy for the synthesis of mixed-phase (anatase/rutile) TiO2/Ti3C2 composites with high activity under visible light, which has potential in the design and application of photocatalytic materials.

An efficient, green, and magnetic recycling wastewater treatment technique enabled by ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers photo-fenton process

A novel magnetic recycling ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers photo-Fenton system was successfully prepared by parallel electrospinning combining with solvothermal method. ZnO/NiFe2O4 composite nanofibers was prepared via parallel electrospinning, then ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers was obtained by solvothermal growth of BiOBr on electrospun ZnO/NiFe2O4 composite nanofibers. The composition, morphologies, structures and photocatalytic properties of ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers were systematically tested and analyzed, and some meaningful results were obtained. The prepared ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers, combined with H2O2, form a photo-Fenton system that exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance. When 0.05 mL of H2O2 is added to the photo-Fenton system, the degradation rate of organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) reaches 99.61 % under light exposure for 10 min. Capture experiments and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements have confirmed that holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the primary active species that play a dominant role in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, the ZnO/NiFe2O4/BiOBr 3D nanofibers have demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards RhB, maintaining a degradation rate of over 95 % even after undergoing three recycling experiments. Significantly, this photo-Fenton system also has good magnetic properties, which can be separated from the treatment system under the applied magnetic field, avoiding secondary pollution of the treatment system, improving reuse rate and saving costs. This study provides valuable insights for the purposeful utilization of the photocatalytic materils.

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye over oxygen-rich bismuth oxychloride Bi24O31Cl10 photocatalyst under UV and Visible light irradiation: Pathways and mechanism

Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants from wastewater has recently garnered significant attention due to its environmental and ecological significance. In this study, a bismuth-rich bismuth oxychloride (Bi24O31Cl10) was synthesized using a single-step solid-state reaction and applied as a photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution. The photocatalyst was prepared through an eco-friendly solid-state method by mixing bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl), followed by direct annealing at 600 °C. The synthesized material was characterized through various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance, UV–Visible, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The electronic structure of the Bi24O31Cl10 bulk material was analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT).Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of a pure monoclinic Bi24O31Cl10 phase with the space group P2/c, and the XRD patterns indicated well-crystallized material. SEM revealed micron-sized crystallites, while BET surface area analysis showed a value of 22.546 m²/g, suggesting that a larger surface area could enhance photocatalytic performance. The band gap of the material was determined to be 2.88 eV, with an absorption edge at 430 nm, indicating a promising response to visible light.The photocatalytic activity of Bi24O31Cl10 was demonstrated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), with complete degradation achieved in 90 min under UV light. Under visible light, 98 % degradation efficiency was reached after 180 min. Kinetic studies showed that the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model. Optimal conditions for maximum degradation were found at a solution pH of 5, a catalyst concentration of 1 g/L, and a dye concentration of 5 mg/L. Remarkably, the photocatalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining high efficiency over five cycles, with only a slight decrease from 100 % to 90 %.Trapping experiments identified that reactive species such as superoxide radicals (∙O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) played key roles in the photocatalytic process. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed, and degradation products were monitored using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), allowing for the elucidation of the degradation pathways of RhB. Additionally, the photocatalyst's effectiveness was tested on Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB), achieving nearly 100 % degradation for MO and 41 % for MB under UV light. This research highlights the significant potential of Bi24O31Cl10 as a photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater treatment.

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using Yb3+-Doped Zn-Mg ferrites synthesized via conventional sol-gel auto-combustion method

The primary goal of our research is to develop a photocatalyst capable of degrading organic molecules in water, achieved through the rare earth Yb3+ doping of Zn-Mg spinel ferrites. A key element of our approach is the use of the conventional sol-gel auto-combustion process, which has proven to be an effective method for synthesizing a high-performing, visible light-driven Zn0.9Mg0.1Fe2-xYbxO4 (x = 0.000, 0.015, 0.030, 0.045, 0.060 and 0.075) nano-ferrites. Many analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the material's physicochemical characteristics, including P-XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, UV–vis, BET, VSM, EIS, and photocatalysis was carried out against the RhB. The impact of Yb3+ ion doping on the material's crystallite size and lattice parameter has been evaluated. It was found that all the samples' crystallite sizes increased between 33 and 41 nm. These magnetite nanoparticles have spherical forms and nanometric particle sizes, as revealed through field scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The FTIR spectra bands at ʋ1 (518–535) and (401–411) ʋ2 subsequently revealed the spinel structure of the synthesized nano-ferrites. The band gap in zinc manganese ferrite increases from 2.51 eV to 2.92 eV after adding ytterbium. The surface area of the Yb3+-doped Zn-Mg ferries ranges from 23.6 m2/g to 27.8 m2/g, making them an excellent choice for data storage. The investigation of magnetic behavior shows the superparamagnetic behavior of all the samples. The produced sample's determined squareness value indicates the magnetostatic interaction between the particles. Because of the low produced coercive field value, these materials can be used in ferrofluids and hyperthermia therapy applications. Furthermore, with a higher RhB removal of 93.80 %, the Yb3+-doped sample photocatalyst successfully separated carriers generated by sunlight. The Yb3+-doped sample (ZMY-5) photocatalyst showed outstanding stability after one cycle of the stability test, obtaining an outstanding RhB elimination of 93.80 %. Zn0.9Mg0.1Yb0.075Fe1.925O4 photocatalyst has substantial promise for large-scale pollutant treatment due to its simple synthesis method, superior magnetic characteristics, exceptional photocatalytic activity for RhB, and excellent stability.

A high-flux, photocatalytic wood-derived filter for high-efficiency water purification

Wastewater purification has evolved into a global problem in the face of increasing scarcity of freshwater resources. Photocatalysis technology possesses prominent advantages in treating pollutants in water because of its low cost and mild reaction conditions, which provides an effective way to treat multiple pollutants and reduce membrane fouling. Herein, we combine photocatalysis technology with filtration technology via in situ reduction Bi0 with Bi2SiO5 strategy incorporating a carbonized wood filter to synthesize carbon/Bi2SiO5@Bi bi-functional composite. Thus, simultaneous filtration and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and tetracycline were achieved. After filtrating for 30 min, the degradation rate of RhB and TC were 94.23 % and 81.39 %, respectively. Especially, the flux of RhB and TC were up to 2162.16 L m−2 h−1 and 1811.32 L m−2 h−1. In addition, the composite filter also has good recyclability and reusability, after 5 cycles, the degradation efficiency of RhB remains at 91 %. This study utilized photocatalytic technology combined with membrane filtration technology to successfully solve the contradiction between catalytic efficiency and water flux, which realized rapid and dynamic removal of organic pollutants from water. Besides, the use of carbonized wood-based materials provides a potential biomass technology for the preparation of bifunctional photocatalytic filters.

Synthesis of leek-based N,S self-doped CQDs/TiO2 and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

In this work, N,S self-doped CQDs (N,S-CQDs/TiO2) were synthesized from leeks via a microwave method, and a new leek-based N,S-CQDs/TiO2 composite photocatalytic material was prepared by roasting. The structural characteristics, optical properties, and electrical properties of the N,S-CQDs/TiO2 composites were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Solid ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance (UV–vis-DRS), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient photocurrent response, and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, the catalytic degradation effect of N,S-CQDs/TiO2 was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and ibuprofen (IBU). The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic degradation effect of leek-based N,S-CQDs/TiO2 was significantly better than that of TiO2, and N,S-CQDs/TiO2 with 1.86 wt% N,S-CQDs (1.86-N,S-CQDs/TiO2), which demonstrated optimal photocatalytic degradation. The photocatalytic degradation rate of RhB (20 mg/L) was 94.65 % within 120 min of high-voltage mercury lamp irradiation, which was 41.15 % higher than that of TiO2(53.50 %), and the degradation rate was 80.10 % after four cycles. After 180 min, the photocatalytic degradation rate of IBU (10 mg/L) was 96.92 %, which was 26.39 % higher than that of TiO2 (70.53 %), and the degradation rate could still reach 78.94 % after four cycles. In this work, the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of RhB and IBU by N,S-CQDs/TiO2 were explored by free radical capture and ESR free radical detection experiments. This study may serve as an important reference for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation effect by using biomass self-doped CQDs/TiO2 composite photocatalytic materials, and as a reference for the photocatalytic treatment of organic pollutants in water.

Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye pollutants by Fe3O4/SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanocomposite functionalized with TiO2.

Significant efforts have been dedicated to creating recyclable and efficient methods for treating waste dyes, including rhodamine B (RhB). Nevertheless, challenges such as complex operational techniques, high costs, energy consumption, and inefficacy in dye removal persist. Here, the synthesis and application of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye pollutants have been explored. This research was initiated with magnetite (Fe3O4) synthesis using the coprecipitation method, followed by silica (SiO2) extraction from rice husk waste using the sol-gel process, and a hydrothermal method for synthesizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite. The crystalline structure of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 was obtained with Fe3O4 as the core, while TiO2 and SiO2 as the shell. The particle size analysis showed the nanosize of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 (1.04 ± 0.46nm). TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite boasts a high surface area of 48.025 m2/g, 2.2 times higher than unmodified TiO2. This nanocomposite also displayed paramagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 9.117emu/g, facilitating easy separation in photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe3O4/SiO2 exhibited effectively degraded RhB, achieving a degradation rate of 53.58% and an excellent rate constant of 0.7303min-1. The RhB photodegradation in this study requires a moderate irradiation time (60min), uses only a tiny amount of photocatalyst (100mg), and does not need additional chemicals. Moreover, this study has another advantage of utilizing rice husk as a silica source, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable approach.

Optimization, kinetic analysis, and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using manganese doped nanoscale nickel oxide nanoparticles

This work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles doped with manganese (Mn) utilizing the cost-effective co-precipitation technique. For extensive characterization, a range of analytical methods are used, such as photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The findings demonstrate that the addition of Mn causes the synthesized nanoparticles' crystalline size to decrease, which narrows the band gap to 3.13 eV. Furthermore, compared to pure NiO (44.11 m2/g), the surface area of Mn-doped NiO increases to 178.87 m2/g. Also as compared to pure NiO the electron-hole recombination rate of % Mn-doped NiO has decreased and an increase in the defect is observed. The study of Mn-doped NiO nanoparticles' photocatalytic activity against Rhodamine B (Rh. B) demonstrates their improved efficiency under solar light irradiation, as evidenced by their degradation up to 97.57 %, which is higher than that of pure NiO (90.94 %) in 70 min. Numerous aspects are investigated, including pH, catalyst dosage, original dye concentration, and scavenger studies. Studies on regeneration show that 5 % Mn-doped NiO nanoparticles may be recycled effectively and steadily for up to five cycles. These results demonstrate how effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications may be made from Mn-doped NiO nanoparticles.

Effects of Cation Exchange in Rhodamine B Photocatalytic Degradation Using Peroxo-Titanate Nanotubes.

Lepidocrocite-type layered sodium titanate (NaxH2-xTi2O5) is widely used in environmental remediation because of its large specific surface area, formed by anisotropic crystal growth, and its ability to store and exchange cations between layers. Additionally, peroxo-titanate nanotubes (PTNTs), which are tubular titanates with peroxy groups, exhibit visible-light absorption capabilities, rendering them suitable for photocatalytic applications under visible light irradiation. However, because of cation exchange reactions, the Na+ concentration and pH of the solution can fluctuate under aqueous conditions, affecting the photocatalytic performance of the PTNTs. Herein, we evaluated the impact of cation exchange reactions on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) by PTNTs at controlled Na+ ratios. The observed pH of Rh B solutions increases due to the cation exchange reaction with Na+ and H3O+, leading to the formation of zwitter-ionic Rh B molecules, eventually weakening their adsorption and photodegradation performance. Moreover, the results indicate that inhibiting the pH increase of the Rh B solution can prevent the weakening of both the adsorption and photodegradation performance of PTNTs. This study highlights the significance of regulating the sodium ion content in layered titanate materials, emphasizing their importance in optimizing these materials' photocatalytic efficacy for environmental purification applications.

One-Pot Synthesis of Cellulose-Based Carbon Aerogel Loaded with TiO2 and g-C3N4 and Its Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B.

A cellulose-based carbon aerogel (CTN) loaded with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared using sol-gel, freeze-drying, and high-temperature carbonization methods. The formation of the sol-gel was carried out through a one-pot method using refining papermaking pulp, tetrabutyl titanate, and urea as raw materials and hectorite as a cross-linking and reinforcing agent. Due to the cross-linking ability of hectorite, the carbonized aerogel maintained a porous structure and had a large specific surface area with low density (0.0209 g/cm3). The analysis of XRD, XPS, and Raman spectra revealed that the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were uniformly distributed in the CTN, while TEM and SEM observations demonstrated the uniformly distributed three-dimensional porous structure of CTN. The photocatalytic activity of the CTN was determined according to its ability to degrade rhodamine B. The removal rate reached 89% under visible light after 120 min. In addition, the CTN was still stable after five reuse cycles. The proposed catalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light conditions.

Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles via Imperata cylindrica Extract for Dual Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye and Antibacterial Activity

Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles via Imperata cylindrica Extract for Dual Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye and Antibacterial Activity

Fabrication and improved photocatalytic performance of 2D/0D structured g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials

In this work, WO3 quantum dots grow in situ on the synthesized ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets, ultimately forming a type of tightly bound 2D/0D Z-type heterojunctions. It was found that WO3 quantum dots were closely combined with g-C3N4 nanosheets through SEM and TEM measurements. XRD, IR, and XPS characterization proved a g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunction material was formed. The construction of g-C3N4/WO3 heterojunctions enhanced visible light absorption, improved carrier separation efficiency, and reduced charge transfer resistance. Photocatalytic hydrogen production tests showed that the hydrogen production rate of 20% g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials was 2.8 times that of the original g-C3N4, and the hydrogen production amount within 3 h was 3.7 times that of the original g-C3N4. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol under visible light irradiation showed that compared with g-C3N4, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 20% g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials was enhanced. The results reveal that the special structured g-C3N4/WO3 composite materials have excellent photocatalytic activity, which can not only efficiently produce hydrogen but also efficiently degrade organic pollutants, providing an important reference for solving energy crises and environmental problems.

SnO2 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity

SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized using precipitation method and heat treatment. Firstly, SnCl4.5H2O was reacted with NaOH solution, and than the precipitate heat treated at 350 oC, 450 oC and 550 oC. The obtained materials were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) infrared spectra (IR) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using SnO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The results show that the SnO2 nanoparticles exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. The photoactivity of SnO2 nanoparticles photocatalysts can be ascribed to the enhanced electron-hole separation.

Supermolecule polymer derived of carbon nitride with controllable nanosheet for enhancing the degradation performance of RhB and BPA

Using melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA) supramolecular polymer as a precursor, a method was employed to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride with a large specific surface area and controllable band structure. The band structure and morphology of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are closely related to the type of solvent used. By treating it with hypophosphorous acid and subsequent high-temperature treatment for 10 h , the precursor material was calcined to produce graphitic carbon nitride with a hollow tubular morphology. Experimental results demonstrate that this material exhibits outstanding performance in photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Bisphenol A. This work provides a new and effective strategy for achieving visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds.

A novel binary composite catalyst DiCoPc/BiOCl for synergistic photocatalytic degradation of dyes

A novel binary composite catalyst, DiCoPc/BiOCl, was produced through the hydrothermal method of loading DiCoPc onto BiOCl. The catalyst was then analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye pollutant was performed using the composite as a catalyst under visible light irradiation. Compared with DiCoPc and BiOCl, the composite of DiCoPc/BiOCl resulted in a significant enhancement of RhB's photocatalytic degradation, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 90.1 %. This is because, in the photocatalytic process, the loading of DiCoPc can expand the BiOCl's photoresponse range and enhance its light absorption performance. At the same time, the metal phthalocyanine can optimize the energy-level structure of the material and reduce the electron-hole recombination. Thus,the photocatalytic degradation of the composites was improved due to the synergistic effect of DiCoPc and BiOCl.