Phosphorus Fixation Capacity Research Articles

Farmyard manure application increases lowland rice yield in phosphorus-deficient soils, but not in soils with high pH and phosphorus-fixing capacity

Farmyard manure application increases lowland rice yield in phosphorus-deficient soils, but not in soils with high pH and phosphorus-fixing capacity

Phosphorus fixation capacity of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnO–Ce2O3 slag based on structural considerations

The phosphorus fixation capacity of some slag systems, such as Ce2O3-containing slag, has hardly been investigated from a thermodynamics view due to the lack of relevant thermodynamic data. Since the macroscopic properties are primarily determined by the microscopic structure, the correlation between phosphorus fixation capacity and slag structure was explored by spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and ferromanganese dephosphorization experiments. The results show that the predominant species of P5+ are QP0 (PO43–) and QP1 (P2O74–) units in the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MnO–Ce2O3–P2O5 quenched slag, and the phosphorus fixation capacity increases with the QP1 (P2O74–) unit to QP0 (PO43–) unit transformation (the P–O0 bond to P–O– bond transformation) since the electron cloud density between P and O atoms increases and the average radius of P–O bonds decreases. Especially, CaO or Ce2O3 as a network modifier can release the O2− and promote the P–O0 bond to P–O– bond (connected to Ca2+/Ce3+) transformation in the quenched slag. Furthermore, the phosphorus enrichment phases in the slow cooling slag are confirmed as nCa2SiO3–Ca3P2O8 (nC2S–C3P) and CePO4 solid solutions by the scan electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) methods. The results show Ce2O3 can depolymerize the polyphosphate structure partially replacing CaO after introducing Ce2O3 into CaO based slag because of its strong ability to donate electrons. The above results not only help to understand the dependence of phosphorus fixation capacity on slag composition from a structural view, but also provide the theoretical guidance for optimizing the composition of Ce2O3-containing dephosphorization slag.

Assessment of phosphorus fixing capacity in different soil orders of India

An experiment was conducted to assess the phosphorus fixation capacity in five soils orders with contrasting characteristics at different concentration of added phosphorus. The surface soil (0-15cm) samples were collected from five soil orders namely Alfisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, Aridisols and Entisols of different locations of India. The collected soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties and phosphorus fixing capacity. The initial soils samples were acidic (5.77) to alkaline (8.53) in reaction, high organic carbon content and low to medium available phosphorus with presence of 663 ppm to 1669 ppm active iron. The maximum phosphorus fixation (%) was observed in Alfisols (88.68) followed by Inceptisols (68.73), Entisols (68.33), Vertisols (66.84) and Aridisols (58.24). About 58-89% of added phosphorus was fixed in the soils and the maximum fixation was in the Alfisols while the least fixation was observed in Aridisols. Alfisols soil showing higher phosphorus fixing capacity might be due to presence of sesquioxide (active iron and aluminum oxides) that complex with phosphate ions. Phosphorus fixation capacity was negative and significant correlated (r = − 0.76*) with soil pH and positively correlated with active iron (r = 0.84*). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 85 percent of phosphorus fixing capacity of soil depends on soil pH, organic carbon, clay and active iron. Under such condition, it must be overcome by application of phosphorus on the basis of cropping sequence instead of individual crop needs to be taken into consideration and use of otherphosphorus sources such as Phosphorus bio-fertilizers, organic manures, and low grade rock phosphates for improving phosphorus use efficiency.

Potato response to struvite compared with conventional phosphorus fertilizer in Eastern Canada

AbstractIn acidic soils with high phosphorus (P) fixing capacity, P application at levels higher than crop requirements is common in crops with high P demands such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which could lead to eutrophication. Recycled sources of P fertilizer, such as struvite, can be efficient in meeting crop P demands while minimizing P losses. The objective of this study—conducted in four provinces over 3 yr (2016–2018, with 12 sites in total) in Eastern Canada—was to assess potato response to P fertilizer as triple superphosphate (TSP) or a mixture of TSP with struvite. Eight P treatments were applied with five increasing P rates as TSP (0, 26, 52, 79, and 105 kg P ha−1) and three treatments as a mixture of TSP and struvite (25, 50, and 75% (w/w) struvite) at a rate of 79 kg P ha−1. Phosphorus availability indices measured multiple times over the growing season were composed of Mehlich‐3 extracted P (PM3), soil P adsorbed on anion exchange membranes (PAEMs), and petiole P‐PO4 (Ppetiole) concentrations. There was a potato yield response to P inputs at all sites, with the control treatment showing lower potato yield at all sites. Potato yield, Ppetiole, PM3, and PAEMs were comparable between 100% TSP and TSP+struvite at the same rate, except at one site where struvite at a higher proportion depressed yield and was associated with lower P uptake. Overall, the use of struvite could be a sustainable mean to address long‐term globally P scarcity.

Assessment of phosphorus fixing capacity in contrasting soil orders in central India

Phosphate adsorption by soils is important because adsorbed P equilibrates with soil solution P, which in turn is immediate source of P. While P fixation continues to receive much attention it is more important to know the effect of soil characteristics on P fixation. Phosphorus sorption characteristics of JNKVV, Farm, Jabalpur representative agricultural soils belonging to three soil orders namely Vertisol, Inceptisol and Alfisol were investigated for adsorption behaviour of P and sorption data were fitted to Langmuir equation. The Langmuir constant i.e. adsorption maxima was highest for Vertisol (504.26 μg g-1), followed by Alfisol (480.89μg g-1) and Inceptisol (452.98μg g-1) respectively. The phosphate adsorption isotherm gave good fit adopting Langmuir (r2 = 0.98 to 0.99) for the three soils. The value of equilibrium solution P concentrations were found significantly variation under different soil orders but the adsorb P value was also found significant varied. The equilibrium solution P concentrations minimum in Alfisols 0.03 to 8.95 mgµg mL-1 and maximum in Inceptisols 0.09 to 10.95µg mL-1, but the adsorb P value was minimum in Inceptisols 19.01 to 290.41µg mL-1 and maximum were recorded in Alfisols 19.64 to 310.47µg mL-1. In Vertisols the value of equilibrium solution P concentrations were found in the range of 0.13 to 10.08µg mL-1 and adsorb P values were 18.65 to 299.13µg mL-1. The range of P buffering capacity was 60.07 to 70.89 L kg-1. The highest value of MPBC was found in Alfisols with the mean value 68.89L kg-1and the lowest of MPBC value was found in the Inceptisols with the mean value was 63.72L kg-1. Correlation of Adsorption parameters of Langmuir and were worked out taking all soil types together with pH, EC, organic carbon, clay, CEC and CaCO3. For the Lamgmuir equation, value of ‘r’ indicated that P adsorption maxima (b) was significantly and positively correlated with pH (r=0.993**), clay (0.916**) EC (r= 0.734*).

Effect of Graded Saturation of Phosphorus Fixing Capacity of Soil on Yield and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays)

Effect of Graded Saturation of Phosphorus Fixing Capacity of Soil on Yield and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays)

Seagrass-Mediated Phosphorus and Iron Solubilization in Tropical Sediments.

Tropical seagrasses are nutrient-limited owing to the strong phosphorus fixation capacity of carbonate-rich sediments, yet they form densely vegetated, multispecies meadows in oligotrophic tropical waters. Using a novel combination of high-resolution, two-dimensional chemical imaging of O2, pH, iron, sulfide, calcium, and phosphorus, we found that tropical seagrasses are able to mobilize the essential nutrients iron and phosphorus in their rhizosphere via multiple biogeochemical pathways. We show that tropical seagrasses mobilize phosphorus and iron within their rhizosphere via plant-induced local acidification, leading to dissolution of carbonates and release of phosphate, and via local stimulation of microbial sulfide production, causing reduction of insoluble Fe(III) oxyhydroxides to dissolved Fe(II) with concomitant phosphate release into the rhizosphere porewater. These nutrient mobilization mechanisms have a direct link to seagrass-derived radial O2 loss and secretion of dissolved organic carbon from the below-ground tissue into the rhizosphere. Our demonstration of seagrass-derived rhizospheric phosphorus and iron mobilization explains why seagrasses are widely distributed in oligotrophic tropical waters.

Combination between Acidity Amendments and Sewage Sludge with Phosphorus on Soil Chemical Characteristics and on Development of Castor Bean

The addition of urban and industrial waste products to agriculture not only provides them with an adequate environmental destination but also increases the nutrient content and negative charges in the soil, especially in naturally acidic tropical soils with high phosphorus-fixing capacity, just as liming does in relation to the dependent charges of pH. Both cases make it possible to favor the availability of phosphate fertilization. The aim of this study was to assess the interactions between application of composted sewage sludge (SSS) and soluble phosphorus (P) in combination with different rates of limestone (LS) and steel slag (SS) on the characteristics of dwarf castor bean and soil chemical properties. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The Oxisol soil used was incubated with the combinations—based on chemical analyses of the soil, the waste product and slag, considering the needs of castor bean—in the 45 days prior to sowing, undertaking analysis of castor bean growth and dry-matter weight after physiological maturity, the time at which soil analysis was performed. SSS as an amendment of soil acidity provided better results in the properties of soil acidity, sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (BS%). The combinations of the amendments were similar in regard to the increase of P availability in the soil. Although SSS alone resulted in an increase in organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), boron (B), cupper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) contents in the soil, the low P content in the waste product extended the castor bean cycle, requiring P supplementation in combination.

Assessment of Soil Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fixing Capacity of Three Vegetable Farms at Cabintan, Ormoc City, Leyte

Three vegetable farms in Cabintan, Ormoc City – a primary source of vegetables in Leyte Province, Philippines were carefully and randomly selected for the principal concern of this study. It aimed to determine and investigate the Available Soil Phosphorus and Soil Phosphorus Fixing Capacity in vegetable farms located in a mountainous area which soil mainly developed from volcanic tuff, basaltic and andesite materials. Five hundred grams (500g) of aggregate soil sample were collected from each farm. Result revealed that soil samples had low pH values ranged from 5.24 to 5.79 and high organic matter (OM) content which ranged from 10.852% to 22.502%. The available soil phosphorus is low but the Phosphorus fixing capacity of the soil is very high (92.46%-99.15%).

Impact of Bagasse and Press Mud on Availability and Fixation Capacity of Phosphorus in an Inceptisol of North India

An incubation experiment was carried out at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India to explore the possibility of utilizing the organic residue i.e. press mud and bagasse byproducts generated from sugar industries to enhance the availability and reduction in fixation capacity of phosphorus (P). Three levels of organic residue (mixing press mud, bagasse and chopped rice straw in the ratio of 1:1:1) was applied at 0, 2.5 and 5 g/kg of soil with two levels of phosphorus i.e. 0 and 10 mg P2O5/kg of soil. Incorporation of organic residue enhanced the availability of P by 68 % over the control. Maximum P availability was observed after 11th month in maximum organic residue treatment. Phosphorus fixation capacity also decreased from 43 % (control) to 32 % (5 g/kg of soil). But the P fixation capacity increased with increasing level of P, due to easy availability of P for fixation. Use of the bagasse and press mud can be a good source of P mineralization in the already P fixed soil. It also reduced the storage problem in sugarcane industries across the India.

Phosphorus fixing capacity of a volcanic soil on the slope of mount Cameroon

The volcanic soils on the slope of mount Cameroon are deficient in available phosphorus (P) resulting in low productivity. Excess P could be a threat to the aquatic environment. There is therefore need to monitor the P-fixing capacity of these soils with depth. The transformation of applied P in soils from different horizons were examined after treatments with different P rates (0, 20, 60 and 180 mg P L -1 ) and incubation periods (one, three, seven, 14 and 28 days) under laboratory conditions. Phosphorus was extracted on each treatment combination to determine the amount of P fixed. Phosphorus recovered increased with added P. Phosphorus fixed increased with added P and depth throughout the incubation period. The soil showed a high P fixing capacity throughout the different horizons with P fixed varying between 57-99% in the upper horizons and 90-100% in the lower horizons. More than 90% of added P was fixed after one day of incubation. This therefore reduces the threat of eutrophication. Phosphorus fixed correlated positively with clay and pH, and negatively with organic carbon and available P. Clay had a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with pH values. Clay and pH could therefore be responsible for P-fixation in this soil.

A sustainable system of a traditional precision agriculture in a Maya homegarden: Soil quality aspects

Homegardens or “ solares” have a long history of intensive cultivation by the Maya in southeastern Mexico and Central America, and have recently been the subject of increasing studies that characterize them as “multistrata agroforestry systems”, although no soil evaluation has been reported. We have conducted this study in a traditional homegarden named “El Naranjal”, a rural village in the north of Quintana Roo, Mexico, in order to evaluate soil date and quality from this specific site, being the soil the main factor of this traditional Maya agroforestry management system. The 14C analysis of the A 1 horizon humic fraction, from the deepest soil profile exposed in a karstic depression, gave a date that corresponds with the occupation of the site at the Maya peak of the mayan possession from the Late Preclassic to Early Classic transition, beginning about 100 B.C. The soils found (Rendzic Leptosols) into El Naranjal homegarden are well structured, very dark brown, shallow, and have an abrupt contact with the limestone bedrock at a highly variable depth. According to this fact, soil depth showed along the studied transect, the highest variation (variation coefficient = 72%) compared to Ranch Santa Maria (VC = 46.3%) and El Eden (43%) soils, being sites with similar heterogeneity degrees. The pH values ranged from neutral to moderately basic (7.10–8.00); this parameter that influences the humification and mineralization processes, showed a low VC (3.37%). Organic matter content varied from high to very high (7.30–20.23%, at 30–80 cm deep, and ranged in the deepest soil profiles from 2.00% to 3.98%). High levels of P retention (21.5–83.0%) were found; this characteristic is related to high values of exchangeable Ca 2+ and dithionite-extractable Fe, present in all studied profiles. The soils are clayish and have middle to high values of hydraulic conductivity (4.8–64.8 cm h −1) that displayed a high VC (65.74%). The values of the “ S” index (soil physical quality index) fluctuated between 0.059 and 0.068, indicating good physical soil quality, with regard to the proposed critical value of 0.035. According to other physical and chemical properties, it was found that the soils from this homegarden have favorable qualities for air transport, heat, water and soluble substances. The iron oxides and organic components are responsible for soil color, high aggregation with good stability and consequently of their high porosity. But, on the other hand, the highly variable soil depth (often insufficient for the development of root systems) and the large level of P retention (phosphorus-fixing capacity) are the most obvious physical and chemical disadvantages to crop growth. These are also the most common and restrictive factors in many soils from the Yucatán Peninsula. However, results showed that the cultivation system, successfully employed in the homegarden, uses an uncommon edaphic environment. This occurs through a traditional crop adaptation to particular areas of thicker soils (“containers”), known traditionally as “precision agriculture”.

Effect of sediment on concentration of dissolved phosphorus in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Eutrophication and algal bloom has been occurring in the Three Gorges Reservoir ever since the reservoir's impoundment in 2003. The concentration of dissolved phosphorus (DP) is one of the main controlling factors for algal bloom. Fine sediment adsorbs DP thereby affecting the concentration of DP. The effect of the sediment reduction on the DP concentration of the Three Gorges Reservoir is discussed in this paper. Samples were taken from the Yangtze River and its tributaries, i.e. the Minjiang River and the Tuojiang River. The DP concentration of the water samples and the available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and phosphorus-fixing capacity of the sediment samples were analyzed. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment was about 3% of the total DP load in the Yangtze River. An experiment was done in the lab simulating the DP concentration, sediment concentration, and turbulence. The results showed that quite a high amount of DP was adsorbed by the sediment. The adsorption capacity of the sediment was 135 mg/kg and the highest rate of adsorption was 29 mg/kg·h. The Xiluodu Dam is located at nearly 1,100 km upstream of the Three Gorges Dam. The Xiloudu Dam will trap sediment and thence reduce the sediment load entering the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment in 2013. It is estimated that the sediment reduction due to the Xiluodu Dam may result in an increase of the DP concentration in the Three Gorges Reservoir by 6.8%.

Phosphorus fixing capacity of the Oxic Rhodustalf—alfisol soil in the Chotanagpur plateau region of Eastern India

The P-fixing capacity of a soil governs the P-nutrition of crop plants. P-nutrition of the crop plant is more a soil problem and a higher dose of phosphatic fertilizer is necessary for soils having high P-fixing capacity. The phenomenon of P-fixation and the great variation in the P-fixing capacity of different soils has thus important bearing on crop response to P-application. The eastern plateau region of India with acid lateritic soil is chronically deficient in available phosphorus resulting in very low productivity. An experiment was thus carried out to estimate the P-fixing capacity of soil collected from two depths, 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 50 cm, from the Agricultural experimental farm of Indian Statistical Institute, situated at Giridih, Jharkhand, in the eastern India. The soil was acidic in reaction (pH-5.4) with presence of Fe (1.60%) and Al (17.2%). The P-fixing capacity of the soil was estimated to be 59.60% and 64.94% for the surface and the subsurface soil respectively showing lower P-fixing capacity of the surface soil as compared to the subsurface soil which may be due to presence of more organic matter in the surface soil as organic molecules released on decomposition of organic matter complexes with Fe and Al in the soil thereby blocking the P-fixing sites in the soil.

Assessing effects of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on phosphorus sorption and retention capacity of water treatment residuals

Water treatment residuals (WTRs) are the by-products of drinking water clarification processes, whereby chemical flocculants such as alum or ferric chloride are added to raw water to remove suspended clay particles, organic matter and other materials and impurities. Previous studies have identified a strong phosphorus (P) fixing capacity of WTRs which has led to experimentation with their use as P-sorbing materials for controlling P discharges from agricultural and forestry land. However, the P-fixing capacity of WTRs and its capacity to retain sorbed P under anaerobic conditions have yet to be fully demonstrated, which is an issue that must be addressed for WTR field applications. This study therefore examined the capacity of WTRs to retain sorbed P and sorb further additional P from aqueous solution under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. An innovative, low cost apparatus was constructed and successfully used to rapidly establish anoxic conditions in anaerobic treatments. The results showed that even in treatments with initial solution P concentrations set at 100 mg l−1, soluble reactive P concentrations rapidly fell to negligible levels (due to sorption by WTRs), while total P (i.e. dissolved + particulate and colloidal P) was less than 3 mg l−1. This equated to an added P retention rate of >98% regardless of anaerobic or aerobic status, indicating that WTRs are able to sorb and retain P in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

FORMAS DE APLICAÇÃO DO FERTILIZANTE E NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MILHO (Zea mays)

Early corn development ( Zea mays L.) was evaluated through roots (MR) and tops (MA) dry matter in a low tunnel greenhouse pot experiment, in a 2x2x4 factorial completely randomized design with three replications, comparing the following treatments: two Oxisols (a sandy Latossolo Vermelho Escuro — LE and a clay Latossolo Roxo - LR); two methods of fertilizer application (soil mixed - A1, and furrow planting line - A2), and four irrigation levels (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% deficit in relation to the evapotranspired water). Significant effects were observed for fertilizer application methods and irrigation levels on MA, with 89,6% higher yield for A2, and MA reduction for increased water stress. There was a significant interaction between soil types and fertilizer application methods on MA, with a larger MA in the LE soil for A1 method, while MA was larger in the LR soil for A2 method. For MR, it was observed a significant effect of soil type and fertilizer application methods, with a larger yield in the LR soil under the A2 form. The findings confirm the importance of adequate soil water supply for nutrient absorption processes, resulting in better plant development. The localized fertilizer application is recommended for Oxisols with higher clay contents and larger phosphorus fixation capacity. KEY-WORDS: Fertilizer; irrigation levels; Zea mays .

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

Interrelationships between microbial and soil properties in young volcanic ash soils of Nicaragua

The activity and biomass of soil microorganisms were measured in soils from 25 different arable sites in the Pacific region of Nicaragua with the objective of elucidating their interrelationship with soil textural and soil chemical properties. All soils developed from recent volcanic deposits but differ in their particle size distribution. Short-term phosphorus fixation capacity varied widely and was, on average, 11% of added P. In contrast, long-term P fixation capacity varied within a small range of around 55%. Mean basal respiration was 8.6 μg CO 2–C d −1 g −1 soil, average contents of biomass C, biomass P, and ergosterol as an indicator of fungal biomass were 116, 1.95, and 0.34 μg g −1 soil, respectively. They were all, except biomass P, significantly lower in the sandy than in the loamy soils. The mean biomass C-to-soil C ratio was 0.69%, the mean metabolic quotient 95 mg CO 2–C d −1 g −1 biomass C, the mean ergosterol-to-biomass C ratio 0.31% and the mean biomass C-to-P ratio 107. The very low ergosterol-to-biomass C ratio indicates that fungi contribute only a relatively small percentage to the microbial biomass. The biomass C-to-P ratio exceeded considerably the soil C-to-total P ratio. Metabolic quotient qCO 2 and ergosterol-to-biomass C were both negatively correlated with biomass C-to-soil C ratio and clay content, indicating positive correlations between qCO 2 and ergosterol-to-biomass C ratio and between biomass C-to-soil C ratio and clay content. Key problems of soil fertility and soil quality in Nicaragua are low availability of soil organic matter and phosphorus to soil microorganisms, which are magnified by a low percentage of fungi, probably reducing the ability of soil to provide nutrients for plant growth.

Proprietes physico-chimiques et biodisponibilite potentielle du phosphore particulaire selon l'origine des sediments dans un bassin versant du Lac Leman (France)

Resume Ce travail est une etude comparee de certaines proprietes physiques, chimiques et biologiques du phosphore associe aux sediments types d'un petit bassin versant du lac Leman. Le bassin est situe, pour l'essentiel, sur des formations glaciaires. De ce fait, les sediments echantillonnes offrent une relative homogeneite mineralogique et texturale, conditions favorables pour analyser les variations du phosphore particulaire en fonction du transfert. Les proprietes du phosphore particulaire sont mises en evidence par des observations faisant appel a des evaluations de la speciation chimique, des biotests algaux et des cinetiques de dilution isotopique. L'ensemble des resultats obtenus fournit quelques elements de reflexion methodologiques et surtout met en evidence la diversite des types de phosphore particulaire selon le lieu d'echantillonnage et selon les modalites des transferts.

Effect of Applying Soluble and Coated Phosphate Fertilizers on Phosphate Availability in Calcareous Soils and on P Absorption by a Rye-Grass Crop

The effect of using several phosphoric fertilizers on phosphate availability in calcareous soils with a high phosphorus fixation capacity was studied. Tests were run with commercial fertilizers, differing in the ionic species provided (urea phosphate, triple superphosphate, simple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate), and experimental controlled-release fertilizers (lignin-coated triple superphosphate and rosin-coated diammonium phosphate), each providing phosphate to the soil at a different rate. Simultaneous experiments were run (in calcareous soils) with a plant (glasshouse test) and with no plant (incubation test). Phosphate availability and, therefore, plant phosphorus absorption increased in such soils when fertilizing with urea phosphate (UP) or with lignin-coated triple superphosphate (TSPL-11). Other fertilizers such as uncoated superphosphates or diammonium phosphate (DAP) did not significantly increase P availability compared to the unfertilized soil. The electroultrafiltration (EUF) techn...