Phospholane 1-oxides Research Articles

Reduction Rate of 1-Phenyl Phospholane 1-Oxide Enhanced by Silanol Byproducts: Comprehensive DFT Study and Kinetic Modeling Linked to Reagent Design.

Important stoichiometric transformations like Wittig and Appel reactions have been implemented in a catalytic fashion in the past decade. The phosphine oxide generated in situ can be reintroduced as phosphine into the catalytic cycle using mild and selective silane reagents (redox-driven catalysis). While the field of experimental investigation has been fully expanding in the past decade, theoretical studies are still sparse. In this present work, density functional theory (DFT) has been used to characterize the free energy surfaces of the reduction of 1-phenyl phospholane 1-oxide with four different silanes. Found stationary points have been studied in-depth to highlight mechanistic peculiarities, like the effect of substituents at the silicon center and the parallel and competitive reactivity between the precursor silanes and their semioxidized byproducts. Calculated thermodynamic parameters in combination with "real" values for concentrations have been used in the formulation of rate equations for simple bimolecular and monomolecular steps of the mechanism. The deterministic integration concentrations versus time of such rate equations led to a realistic description of the systems under study and paved the way to strategic and rational design of new silanes with increased reactivity.

Aluminacyclopentanes in the synthesis of 3-substituted phospholanes and α,ω-bisphospholanes.

An efficient one-pot process for the synthesis of 3-substituted phospholanes and α,ω-bisphospholanes was developed. The method involves the replacement of aluminium in aluminacyclopentanes, prepared in situ by catalytic cycloalumination of α-olefins and α,ω-diolefins, by phosphorus atoms on treatment with dichlorophosphines (R′PCl2). Hydrogen peroxide oxidation and treatment with S8 of the synthesized phospholanes and α,ω-bisphospholanes afforded the corresponding 3-alkyl(aryl)-1-alkyl(phenyl)phospholane 1-oxides, 3-alkyl(aryl)-1-alkyl(phenyl)phospholane 1-sulfides, bisphospholane 1,1'-dioxides, and bisphospholane 1,1'-disulfides in nearly quantitative yields. The complexes LMo(CO)5 (L = 3-hexyl-1-phenylphospholane, 3-benzyl-1-methylphospholane, 1,2-bis(1-phenylphospholan-3-yl)ethane, and 1,6-bis(1-phenylphospholan-3-yl)hexane were prepared by the reaction of 3-substituted phospholanes and α,ω-bisphospholanes with molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The structure of the complexes was proved by multinuclear 1H, 13C, and 31P spectroscopy.

Synthesis and transformations of metallacycles 46. Catalytic cycloalumination reaction in the synthesis of bis(phospholanes)

An efficient one-pot synthesis of bis(phospholanes) was elaborated, which included a sequential Cp2ZrCl2-catalyzed cycloalumination of α,ω-diolefins with AlEt3, giving the corresponding bis(aluminacyclopentanes), and their in situ reaction with dihalophosphines to furnish the target α,ω-bis(phospholanes). The reaction of these compounds with H2O2 or elementary sulfur gave the corresponding bis(phospholane 1-oxides) and bis(phospholane 1-sulfides).

Synthesis and transformations of metallacycles 40. Catalytic cycloalumination in the synthesis of 3-substituted phospholanes

An efficient one-pot method was developed for the synthesis of 3-alkyland 3-benzyl-substituted phospholanes through the successive Cp2ZrCl2-catalyzed cycloalumination of α-olefins in the presence of AlEt3 giving the corresponding aluminacyclopentanes followed by the in situ replacement of the aluminum atom in the latter compounds by a P atom by means of methyl(phenyl)dichlorophosphines. The oxidation of 3-alkyl- and 3-benzyl-1-methyl(phenyl)-phospholanes with hydrogen peroxide affords 3-alkyl- and 3-benzyl-1-methyl(phenyl)-phospholane 1-oxides, respectively.

Development and Characterization of Phospha Sugar Derivatives, DMPP and TMPP, with Anti-Leukemic Effects

[Background] Sugar derivatives, whose oxygen atom in the hemiacetal ring is replaced by a carbon, nitrogen, sulfur atom, and etc., are celled as pseudo sugars. The synthesis and bioassay of these pseudo sugars are well investigated and are known as potential bioactive materials. Phospha sugar, which is one of pseudo sugars, having a phosphorus atom instead of the oxygen atom in the hemiacetal ring, is little known. The synthesis and bioassay of phospha sugars are not well studied in detail. We synthesized the 2,3,4-tribromo-3-methyl-1-phenyl phospholane 1-oxide (TMPP) and 2,3-dibromo-3-methyl-1-phenyl phospholane 1-oxide (DMPP) by the nucleophilic substitution reactions, and found their anti-leukemic activities.[Purpose] The aims of the present study were to evaluate the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemia cell treated with TMPP or DMPP, and defines the target molecules for TMPP in leukemia cells.[Methods] The cells used in this study were human leukemia cell lines, K562, U937, and YRK2 cells. For proliferation analysis, MTT assays were performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP. For cell cycle analysis, flow cytometory analysis was performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP or DMPP by PI staining. For analysis of mitotic regulatory proteins (p27, p21, Skp2, Cdc25B, Cyclin D1, Survivin, and Aurora kinase B), Western blotting was performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP. For colony analysis, the colonies of CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM, and BFU-E were counted in AML stem/progenitor cells treated with TMPP.[Results] In leukemia cell lines, DMPP and TMPP significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, and TMPP more strongly inhibited the cell proliferation than DMPP. 10 μM TMPP significantly induced G2/M phase arrest, and 25 μM TMPP induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. In leukemia cells, 10μM TMPP reduced protein of Aurora kinase B, Survivin, Cyclin D1, Skp2 KIS, and FoxM1, while increased protein expression of p21and p27 by western blot analysis. Moreover, 25μM TMPP activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, cleaved PARP, and reduced Bcl-2. Moreover, the treatment with TMPP decreased the counts of CFU-GEMM, CFU-GM and BFU-E by depletion of FoxM1 expression.[Conclusions] In this study, we report in the first time the possibility of phospha sugar derivatives as anti-leukemic agents in therapy for leukemias, and analysis of their characterizations. DMPP and TMPP significantly inhibited the proliferation, and induced apoptosis of leukemia cells. DMPP and TMPP induced cell cycle arrest by suppression of FoxM1 expression and apoptosis by Bcl-2 down-regulation in leukemia cells. Moreover, TMPP inhibited colony formation of leukemia progenitors. Therefore, TMPP has new agents with anti-leukemic effects by regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in leukemia therapy.

Development as Anti-Leukemic Agents, a Novel Synthesis of Phospha Sugar Derivatives in Therapy for Leukemias, and Analysis of Their Characterizations.

[Background] Sugar derivatives whose oxygen atom in the hemiacetal ring is replaced by a carbon, nitrogen, sulfur atom, and etc., are celled as pseudo sugars. The synthesis and bioassay of these pseudo sugars are well investigated and are known as potential bioactive materials. Phospha sugar, which is one of pseudo sugars, having a phosphorus atom instead of the oxygen atom in the hemiacetal ring, is little known. The synthesis and bioassay of phospha sugars are not well studied in detail. We synthesized the 2, 3, 4-tribromo-3-methyl-1-phenyl phospholane 1-oxide (TMPP) and 2, 3-dibromo-3-methyl-1-phenyl phospholane 1-oxide (DMPP) by the nucleophilic substitution reactions, and found their anti-leukemic activities.[Purpose] The aims of the present study were to evaluate the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in leukemia cell treated with TMPP or DMPP, and define the target molecules for TMPP in leukemia cells.[Methods] The cells used in this study were human leukemia cell lines, K562, U937, and YRK2 cells. For proliferation analysis, MTT assays were performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP. For cell cycle analysis, flow cytometory analysis was performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP or DMPP by PI staining. For analysis of mitotic regulatory proteins (p27, p21, Skp2, Cdc25B, Cyclin D1, Survivin, and Aurora kinase B), Western blotting was performed in leukemia cells treated with TMPP.[Results] In leukemia cell lines, DMPP and TMPP significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, and TMPP more strongly inhibited the cell proliferation than DMPP. 10 μM TMPP significantly induced G2/M phase arrest, and 25 μM TMPP induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. In leukemia cells, 10 μM TMPP reduced protein of Aurora kinase B, Survivin, Cyclin D1, Skp2 KIS, and FoxM1, while increased protein expression of p21and p27 by western blot analysis. Moreover, 25 μM TMPP activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, cleaved PARP, and reduced Bcl-2.[Conclusions] In this study, we report in the first time the possibility of phospha sugar derivatives as anti-leukemic agents in therapy for leukemias, and analysis of their characterizations. DMPP significantly inhibited the proliferation, and induced apoptosis of leukemia cells. These results demonstrated that the FoxM1, which is an essential transcription factor for cell growth and regulates expression of the mitotic regulators, is one of the targets for DMPP. Therefore, DMPP or TMPP has possibility as new agents for FoxM1 in leukemia therapy.

Synthesis of Phospholane 1-Oxide Having Oxygen Functional Groups from a 4-Bromobutylphoshinate Derivative

Ethyl 4-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybutyl(phenyl)phosphinate (10a) was prepared from 2,3-di-O-methyl-L-threitol (12) in five steps. Reduction of 10a with sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate, followed by the action of hydrogen peroxide, afforded 3,4-dimethoxy-l-phenylphospholane 1-oxide (3), while the reaction of 10a with magnesium in boiling THF resulted in the formation of ethyl 2-methoxy-3-butenyl(phenyl)phosphinate (26).

Synthesis and characterization of the novel l‐(substituted phenoxy/phenyl)‐2‐phospholene and phospholane 1‐oxide derivatives

AbstractThe synthesis of the novel 1‐(substituted phenoxy/phenyl)‐2‐phospholene and phospholane 1‐oxide derivatives, which are analogs of sugars having a phosphorus atom in place of the ring oxygen of normal sugars, is described. All of the synthesized derivatives are structurally characterized by multi nuclear NMR, mass, and IR spectral data, elemental and X‐ray crystallographic analyses.

Novel Synthesis and Structures of Amines and Triazole-Derived Glycoside and Nucleoside Derivatives of Phosphanyl Sugar Analogs

ABSTRACT 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene and 1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxides were converted into 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenylphospholane and 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-1-phenylphospholane 1-oxide (1-bromo-1,3,4-trideoxy-1,4-C-[(R, S)-phenylphosphinylidene]-glycero-tetrofuranose) by the action of bromine in aqueous medium. The bromo substituent of the phospholane was substituted by treatment with amines or an azide anion to afford novel glycoside derivatives of phosphanyl sugar analogs such as 2-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenylphospholane (3,4-dideoxy-1,4-C-[(R, S)-phenylphosphinylidene]-glycero-tetrofuranosylamine) and 2-azido-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenylphospholane 1-oxides with retention of the configuration. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the 2-azido derivative of the phospholane with alkynes gave 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(triazol-1′-y1)phospholane 1-oxides as a novel triazole-derived nucleoside of phosphanyl sugar analogs. The structure of the glycoside and nucleoside derivatives of the phosphanyl sugar analogs prepared was deterimined from IR, NMR, and X-ray crystallography analysis.