Phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine Research Articles

Description and genomic characterization of Cohnella caldifontis sp. nov., isolated from hot springs in Yunnan province, south-west China.

A bacterial strain, Gram staining positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with flagellum and endospore-forming, designated strain YIM B05605T, was isolated from soil sampled in Hamazui hot springs, Tengchong City, Yunnan province, China. Optimum growth for the strain occurred at pH 7.0 and 45°C. MK-7 was the main menaquinone in the strain YIM B05605T. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), unidentified glycolipid (GL), three unknown aminophospholipids (APLs) and unidentified polarlipid (PL) were part of the polar lipid profile. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The DNA G + C content of the type strain was 58.76%. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain YIM B05605T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Cohnella. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strain YIM B05605T with the most related species C. fontinalis YT-1101T were 73.42% and 15.7%. Functional analysis by NR, Swiss-prot, Pfam, eggNOG, GO, KEGG databases revealed that strain YIM B05605T has 13 genes related to the sulfur cycle, 2 genes related to the nitrogen cycle. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain YIM B05605T could be classified as a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella caldifontis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM B05605T (= CGMCC 1.60052T = KCTC 43462T = NBRC 115921T).

Description of Flavimaribacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Member of the Family Rhizobiaceae Isolated from Marine Sediment.

A novel Gram-staining-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated WL0058T, was isolated from coastal sediment sample collected in Nantong city, Jiangsu province of China (120° 51' 13″ E, 32° 6' 26″ N) in October 2020. Strain WL0058T was found to grow at 4-37°C (optimum, 28°C) with 1.5-4.0% NaCl (optimum, 4.0%) and displayed alkaliphilic growth with the pH range of pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0). Phylogenetic trees constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain WL0058T is a member of the family Rhizobiaceae, shared the highest similarity with "Hoeflea prorocentri" CCTCC AB 2016294T (97.7%) and constituted a sub-cluster within the family with it, while the similarity with others in the family Rhizobiaceae was lower than 97.0%. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 59.5mol%. Polar lipids profile of strain WL0058T included phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and glycolipid (GL), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME) and two unidentified polar lipids (L). The major isoprenoid quinone was determined to be Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, summed features 4 (iso-C17:1 and/or anteiso-C17:1), and summed features 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). As inferred from the morphology, physiology, and biochemical analysis, genotypic characteristics, and the phylogenetic trees, strain WL0058T ought to be recognized as a novel genus in the family Rhizobiaceae, for which the name Flavimaribacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Flavimaribacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is WL0058T (= MCCC 1K06063T = JCM 34659T = GDMCC 1.2448T).

Brevibacillus daliensis sp. nov., Isolated From Soil in Machangqing Nature Reserve

A new aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain YIM B02290T, was isolated from the soil of Machangqing, Dali city, Yunnan Province, China. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped, and motile with peritrichous flagella. Strain YIM B02290T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Brevibacillus laterosporus (97.6%) and Brevibacillus halotolerans (97.6%). The ANI and dDDH values between strain YIM B02290T and the two reference strains Brevibacillus laterosporus LAM00312T and Brevibacillus halotolerans DSM 25T are 72.6% and 72.2%, 20.2% and 19.5% based on the draft genome sequence, respectively. The majorcellular fatty acidscontain anteiso-C15: 0 and iso-C15: 0. The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was identified as menaquinone-7. The main polar lipids of strain YIM B02290T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid, phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G + C content was 40.6mol%. All results showed that strain YIM B02290T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus, for which the name Brevibacillus daliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02290T (= CCTCC AB 2021094T = CGMCC 1.18802T = KCTC 43376T).

Rhizobium quercicola sp. nov., isolated from the leaf of Quercus variablis in China.

Strain DKSPLA3T, a novel Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-nitrogen-fixing, non-motile bacterium was isolated from Quercus variablis leaf, in Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Growth occurred at 4-37°C (optimum 28°C), pH 4.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and up to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum under 2.0%, w/v). Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain DKSPLA3T was a novel species in the genus Rhizobium, which was supported by average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values. The predominant fatty acids of strain DKSPLA3T were C16:0, C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c and C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidyl glycerol (DPG), phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylcholine (PC), two unidentified phospholipids (PL) and nine unidentified lipids (L). The genomic G + C content was 64.47mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, DKSPLA3T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium quercicola sp. nov. (KCTC 82843T = CFCC 16,707T) is proposed.

Rhizobium setariae sp. nov., an Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Green Foxtail, Setaria viridis.

A Gram-negative, indole-3-acetic acid-producing, aerobic, motile strain, designated as KVB221T, was isolated from a green foxtail plant, Setaria viridis, from a park near the coast of Haeundae Beach, Busan, Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed strain KVB221T to be a member of the genus Rhizobium, from which Rhizobium alvei TNR-22T (97.2%), Rhizobium daejeonense L61T (96.9%), and Rhizobium ipomoeae shin9-1T (95.7%) were selected for comparative analysis. Growth of the strain was observed at 10-50°C (optimum 25-30°C), at pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7), and in the presence of 0-8% NaCl (optimum 0%). The strain was observed to produce 36.3 ± 0.8μg/ml of indole following 5 days of incubation. The major fatty acids are comprised of C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C18:1 ω7c, and the unresolved group summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), while major polar lipids are identified as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME). The predominant quinone is Q-10 and the DNA G+C content of the strain is 59.3%. Based on publicly available genome data between strain KVB221T and its closely related strains, the average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values ranged from 72.7 to 73.1 and 19.7 to 20.4%, respectively. Based on the chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and genomic comparisons reported here, we propose Rhizobium setariae sp. nov. as a novel species belonging to the genus Rhizobium. The type strain is KVB221T (= KACC 21713T = NBRC 114644T).

Induction and Aggravation of the Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress by Membrane-Lipid Metabolic Intermediate Phosphatidyl-N-Monomethylethanolamine.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is produced via two distinct pathways in both hepatocytes and yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these pathways involves the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In yeast cells, the methyltransferase, Cho2, converts PE to phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME), which is further modified to PC by another methyltransferase, Opi3. On the other hand, free choline is utilized for PC production via the Kennedy pathway. The blockage of PC production is well known to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the ER-stress sensor, Ire1, to induce unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we demonstrate that even when free choline is sufficiently supplied, the opi3Δ mutation, but not the cho2 Δ mutation, induces the UPR. The UPR was also found to be induced by CHO2 overexpression. Further, monomethylethanolamine, which is converted to PMME probably through the Kennedy pathway, caused or potentiated ER stress in both mammalian and yeast cells. We thus deduce that PMME per se is an ER-stressing molecule. Interestingly, spontaneously accumulated PMME seemed to aggravate ER stress in yeast cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the multiple detrimental effects of the low-abundance phospholipid species, PMME.

Crenobacter caeni sp. nov. Isolated from Sludge.

Strain HX-7-9T was isolated from the activated sludge collected from the outlet of the biochemical treatment facility of agricultural chemical plant in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, PR China. Strain HX-7-9T is Gram staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and flagellated. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis indicate that strain HX-7-9T belongs to the genus Crenobacter, moderately related to Crenobacter luteus YIM-78141T (94.8% similarity). The genomic DNA G+C content of the strain was 67.5mol%. Strain HX-7-9T was able to grow at 16-45°C (optimum at 37°C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum at pH 7.0) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0). Predominant fatty acid constituents were C16:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c). The respiratory ubiquinone was Q-8. The polar lipid profile is composed of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phospholipids (PL), glycolipid (GL) and aminophospholipid (APL). The ANI and dDDH values obtained between the genomes of HX-7-9T and C. luteus YIM-78141T were 79.8 and 19.1%, respectively. On the basis of data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analysis, strain HX-7-9T represents a novel species of the genus Crenobacter, for which the name Crenobacter caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HX-7-9T (= KCTC 72654T = CCTCC AB 2019349T).

Gimesia benthica sp. nov., a planctomycete isolated from a deep-sea water sample of the Northwest Indian Ocean.

A Gram-stain-negative, stalked, oval-shaped and budding bacterial strain, designated E7T, was isolated from a deep-sea water sample collected from the Northwest Indian Ocean. The novel strain was strictly aerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. It grew at 6-40 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 5.5-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0-7.5). The strain required 0.5-9.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0-5.0 %) for growth. Aesculin, starch, pectin and Tween 20 were hydrolysed. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain E7T showed the highest similarity with Gimesia maris DSM 8797T (97.5 %). The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain E7T and G. maris DSM 8797T were 78.0 and 19.3 %, respectively. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain E7T were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME), phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain E7T was 52.8 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain E7T represents a novel species of the genus Gimesia, for which the name Gimesia benthica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E7T (=CGMCC 1.16119T=KCTC 72737T).

Parvibaculum sedimenti sp. nov., A Novel Soil Bacterium Isolated from Sediment

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated HXT-9T, was isolated from a river sediment. Cells were rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth occurred at 10-42 ℃ (optimum 30 ℃), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with NaCl concentrations of 0-2.5% (optimum 0.5%). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HXT-9T belonged to the genus Parvibaculum, and showed highest similarities to P. lavamentivorans KCTC 22775T (96.1%), followed by P. hydrocarboniclasticum EPR 92T (94.8%) and P. indicum P31T (93.6%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain HXT-9T and P. lavamentivorans KCTC 22775T were 75.2% and 20.8%, respectively. The G + C content of strain HXT-9T genome was 62.1mol%. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c and C16:0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 11 (Q-11). The major polar lipids were DPG (diphosphatidylglycerol), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PME (phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PC (phosphatidylcholine) and AL (unidentified aminolipids). The phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical data showed that strain HXT-9T represents a novel species in the genus Parvibaculum, for which the name P. sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HXT-9T (= CCTCC AB 2019273T = KCTC 72547T).

Amycolatopsis alkalitolerans sp. nov., isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume

A Gram-staining positive and nonmotile strain designated SYSUP0005T was isolated from tubers of Gastrodia elata Blume. The 16S rRNA gene sequence result showed that strain SYSUP0005T shared highest sequence similarity with the type strain of Amycolatopsis cappadoca (95.7%), Amycolatopsis taiwanensis (95.4%), Amycolatopsis pigmentata (95.4%), Amycolatopsis ruanii (95.1%), and Amycolatopsis helveola (94.8%). Growth occurs at 14-37 °C (optimum temperature, 28 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 8) and in the presence of up to 6% (w/v) NaCl. Strain SYSUP0005T had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars were galactose, ribose, and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4) and minor menaquinones were MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H8). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG); phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), unidentified glycolipid (GL), and unidentified phospholipid (PL). The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, C16:0, iso-C14:0, C17:1 ω6c, C17:0, and Summed Feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c). On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic characters, and genomic comparison, SYSUP0005T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSUP0005T (=KCTC 49024T = CGMCC4.7463T).

Paracoccus sediminilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment.

A novel marine Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, aerobic, coccoid or ovoid bacterium, designated as strain DSL-16T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment on the East China Sea and characterized phylogenetically and phenotypically. Optimal growth of the strain occurred at 35 °C (range 4-40 °C), at pH 6 (range 5-11) and with 4 % (w/v) NaCl (range 1-14 %). The nearest phylogenetic neighbour was Paracoccusseriniphilus DSM 14827T (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain DSL-16T and P. seriniphilus DSM 14827T was 19.5±2.2 %. The average nucleotide identity value between strain DSL-16T and P. seriniphilus DSM 14827T was 83.6 %. The sole respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidyglycerol (DPG) and glycolipid (GL). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain DSL-16T were C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.5 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain DSL-16T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DSL-16T (=KCTC 62644T=MCCC 1K03534T).

Phospholipid methylation controls Atg32-mediated mitophagy and Atg8 recycling.

Degradation of mitochondria via selective autophagy, termed mitophagy, contributes to mitochondrial quality and quantity control whose defects have been implicated in oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, aberrant cell differentiation, and neurodegeneration. How mitophagy is regulated in response to cellular physiology remains obscure. Here, we show that mitophagy in yeast is linked to the phospholipid biosynthesis pathway for conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine by the two methyltransferases Cho2 and Opi3. Under mitophagy-inducing conditions, cells lacking Opi3 exhibit retardation of Cho2 repression that causes an anomalous increase in glutathione levels, leading to suppression of Atg32, a mitochondria-anchored protein essential for mitophagy. In addition, loss of Opi3 results in accumulation of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and, surprisingly, generation of Atg8-PMME, a mitophagy-incompetent lipid conjugate of the autophagy-related ubiquitin-like modifier. Amelioration of Atg32 expression and attenuation of Atg8-PMME conjugation markedly rescue mitophagy in opi3-null cells. We propose that proper regulation of phospholipid methylation is crucial for Atg32-mediated mitophagy.

Sphingobium phenoxybenzoativorans sp. nov., a 2-phenoxybenzoic-acid-degrading bacterium.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SC_3T, was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil sediment. The strain was able to mineralize 2-phenoxybenzoic acid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SC_3T formed a monophyletic lineage in the genus Sphingobium, and showed highest similarity to the type strains of Sphingobium abikonense (97.0 %), followed by Sphingobium lactosutens (96.8 %) and Sphingobium cloacae (96.7 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SC_3T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours was lower than 70 %. The major fatty acids (>5 % of the total) were summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c), summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c), C14:0 2-OH, C16:0 and C17:1ω6c. The predominant quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, and the major polyamine was spermidine. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), sphingoglycolipid (SGL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PDME), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME), an unknown aminolipid (AL), two unknown lipids (L1, L2) and several unknown phospholipids (PL1-6). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SC_3T was 62.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain SC_3T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobium, for which the name Sphingobium phenoxybenzoativorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SC_3T ( = CCTCC AB 2014349T = KACC 42448T).

Nonomuraea indica sp. nov., novel actinomycetes isolated from lime-stone open pit mine, India.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile actinomycete strain designated DRQ-2(T) was isolated from the soil sample collected from lime-stone open pit mine from the Gulbarga region, Karnataka province, India. Strain DRQ-2(T) was identified as a member of the genus Nonomuraea by a polyphasic approach. Strain DRQ-2(T) could be differentiated from other members of the genus Nonomuraea on the basis of physiology and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain DRQ-2(T) showed highest sequence similarity to Nonomuraea muscovyensis DSM 45913(T) (99.1%), N. salmonea DSM 43678(T) (98.2%) and N. maheshkhaliensis JCM 13929(T) with 98.0%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic properties showing predominant menaquinones of MK-9 (H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H6), major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmono methyl ethanolamine (PME), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), hydroxy-PME (OH-PME), hydroxy PE (OH-PEE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipid and unknown phospholipid, fatty acids with major amounts of i-C16:0, ai-C15:0 and ai-C17:0 supported allocation of the strain to the genus Nonomuraea. Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DRQ-2(T) from closely related species. The genomic DNA G+C content of the organism was 72.5 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotypic and molecular characteristics, strain DRQ-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name N. indica sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain DRQ-2(T) (=NCIM 5480(T)= CCTCC AA 209050(T)).

Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, pink-pigmented coccus isolated from subaqueous mud of a geothermal hotspring.

A novel bacterial strain, NGM72.4(T), was isolated from a hot spring in the Ngatamariki geothermal field, New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped it into the phylum Verrucomicrobia and class level group 3 (also known as OPB35 soil group). NGM72.4(T) stained Gram-negative, and was catalase- and oxidase-positive. Cells were small cocci, 0.5-0.8 µm in diameter, which were motile by means of single flagella. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) imaging showed an unusual pirellulosome-like intracytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan content was very small with only trace levels of diaminopimelic acid detected. No peptidoglycan structure was visible in TEM imaging. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 (92%). The major fatty acids (>15%) were C(16 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(17 : 0). Major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and cardiolipin (CL), and a novel analogous series of phospholipids where diacylglycerol was replaced with diacylserinol (sPE, sPMME, sCL). The DNA G+C content was 65.6 mol%. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. NGM72.4(T) is a strictly aerobic thermophile (growth optimum 60-65 °C), has a slightly alkaliphilic pH growth optimum (optimum pH 8.1-8.4) and has a NaCl tolerance of up to 8 g l(-1). Colonies were small, circular and pigmented pale pink. The distinct phylogenetic position and phenotypic traits of strain NGM72.4(T) distinguish it from all other described species of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and, therefore, it is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus for which we propose the name Limisphaera ngatamarikiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is NGM72.4(T) ( = ICMP 20182(T) = DSM 27329(T)).

Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov, a moderately thermophilic, alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from hot spring at Jharkhand, India.

Four closely related facultative anaerobe, moderately thermophilic, Gram positive rods (JS1T, JS5, JS11, and JS15) were isolated from sediment samples from a hot spring at Suryakund, Jharkhand, India. Colonies were pale yellow, rough surface with uneven edges on TSA after 72 h incubation. Heterotrophic growth was observed at 40-60°C and pH 5.5-11.5; optimum growth occurred at 55°C and pH 7.5. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the strains belong to genus Anoxybacillus. DNA-DNA homology values among strains were above 70% and showed distinct ERIC and REP PCR profile. On the basis of morphology and biochemical characteristics, strain JS1T was studied further. Strain JS1T showed 99.30% sequence similarity with A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis, 99.23% with A. mongoliensis, 99.16% with A. eryuanensis, 98.74% with A. flavithermus subsp. flavithermus, 98.54% with A. tengchongensis, 98.51% with A. pushchinoensis, 97.91% with A. thermarum, 97.82% with A. kaynarcensis, 97.77% with A. ayderensis and A. kamchatkensis, 97.63% with A. salavatliensis, 97.55% with A. kestanbolensis, 97.48% with A. contaminans, 97.27% with A. gonensis and 97.17% with A. voinovskiensis. In 16S rRNA secondary structure based phylogenetic comparison, strain JS1T was clustered with Anoxybacillus eryuanensis, A. mongoliensis, and A. flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis and showed 15 species specific base substitutions with maximum variability in helix 6. Moreover, DNA-DNA relatedness between JS1T and the closely related type strains were well below 70%. The DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C15:0 iso, C16:0 iso and C17:0iso. The polar lipids were a phosphatidylgylycerol, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylethnolamine, a phosphatidylcholine, a phosphatidyl monomethylethanolamine and four unknown lipids. Based on polyphasic approach, strain JS1T represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus for which Anoxybacillus suryakundensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS1T (= DSM 27374T = LMG 27616T =JCM19211T).

Pannonibacter indica sp. nov., a highly arsenate-tolerant bacterium isolated from a hot spring in India

A novel aerobic bacterium, strain HT23(T), able to grow on 500 mM sodium arsenate was isolated from a hot-spring sediment sample collected from Athamallik, Orissa, India. Cells of this isolate were Gram negative. Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 6.0-11.0 and 20-45 °C. Optimum growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0-10.0. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl monomethyl ethanolamine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacterium clustered with the genus Pannonibacter and showed 98.9 % similarity with Pannonibacter phragmitetus C6-19(T) (DSM 14782(T)) and 98 % with the P. phragmitetus group B and P. phragmitetus group E strains. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between the strain HT23(T) and P. phragmitetus C6-19(T) (DSM 14782(T)) and other strains of P. phragmitetus group B and group E strains were below 55 %. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain HT23(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pannonibacter, for which the name Pannonibacter indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HT23(T) (=JCM 16851(T) = DSM 23407(T) = LMG 25769(T)).

Stappia aquimarina sp. nov., isolated from seawater

A light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain designated SPIO-19(T) was isolated from seawater in Taiwan and was characterized using the polyphasic taxonomy approach. Strain SPIO-19(T) was Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by means of one polar flagellum and non-spore forming. Growth occurred at 15-42°C (optimum, 30-40°C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0.5-9.0% NaCl (optimum, 1.0-5.0%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SPIO-19(T) belonged to the genus Stappia and its closest neighbours were Stappia indica B106(T) and Stappia stellulata IAM 12621(T) with sequence similarities of 98.0% and 97.9%, respectively. Strain SPIO-19(T) contained C(18:1)ω7c as predominant fatty acid. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME), phosphatidylcholine (PC), an uncharacterized aminolipid (AL) and an uncharacterized phospholipid (PL). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness of strain SPIO-19(T) to Stappia indica B106(T) and to Stappia stellulata IAM 12621(T) was 22.6 ± 2.8 % and 38.9 ± 3.8 %, respectively. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain SPIO-19(T) represents a new species in the genus Stappia, for which the name Stappia aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SPIO-19(T) (=BCRC 80170(T) =LMG 25532(T)).

Breoghania corrubedonensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a novel alphaproteobacterium isolated from a Galician beach (NW Spain) after the Prestige fuel oil spill, and emended description of the family Cohaesibacteraceae and the species Cohaesibacter gelatinilyticus

A Gram-negative bacterium designated UBF-P1 T was isolated from an enrichment culture established in nutrient supplemented artificial sea water with pyrene as a carbon source, and inoculated with a marine fuel oil-degrading consortium obtained from a sand sample collected from the beach of Corrubedo (A Coruña, Galicia, Spain) after the Prestige accidental oil spill. Phylogenetic analysis based on the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence affiliated strain UBF-P1 T with the family Cohaesibacteraceae, Cohaesibacter gelatinilyticus (DSM 18289 T) being the closest relative species with 92% sequence similarity. Cells were irregular rods, motile, strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive. Ubiquinone 10 was the major respiratory lipoquinone. The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME), and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The major fatty acids detected were C 18:1 ω7c, C 19:0 cyclo ω8c, and C 16:0. The G + C content of strain UBF-P1 T was 63.9 mol%. The taxonomic comparison with the closest relative based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics supported that strain UBF-P1 T could be classified as a novel genus and species, for which the name Breoghania corrubedonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this new taxon is UBF-P1 T (CECT 7622, LMG 25482, DSM 23382).

Methylopila jiangsuensis sp. nov., an aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium

The taxonomic status was determined of an aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic strain, JZL-4(T), isolated from activated sludge. The cells were gram-negative, asporogenous, colourless, motile, short rods. The strain utilized methanol, methylamine, formate and a variety of polycarbon compounds, but not methane, dichloromethane or CO(2)/H(2), as carbon and energy sources. C(1) compounds were assimilated via the isocitrate lyase-negative serine pathway. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 6.5-7.5 and 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids were C(18 : 1)ω7c and C(18 : 0). The major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME); PME, the main phospholipid of strain JZL-4(T), was absent or present in only minor amounts in Methylopila capsulata IM1(T), Methylopila helvetica DM9(T) and Albibacter methylovorans DM10(T). The major ubiquinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content of strain JZL-4(T) was 70.4 mol% (T(m)). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain showed high sequence similarities to M. capsulata IM1(T) (97.2 %), A. methylovorans DM10(T) (94.9 %) and M. helvetica DM9(T) (94.1 %), and showed less than 94 % similarity to strains of other species with validly published names. Strain JZL-4(T) had a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (34 %) with M. capsulata IM1(T). On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain JZL-4(T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Methylopila, with the name Methylopila jiangsuensis sp. nov. The type strain is strain JZL-4(T) ( = ACCC 05406(T) = DSM 22718(T) = VKM B-2555(T)).