In this study, we explore the potential of phosphate glasses as controlled-release fertilizers, addressing the need for sustainable nutrient management in agriculture. Our approach involves the systematic incorporation of microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo) into phosphate glasses to assess their impact on the glass's physicochemical properties. For this, seven phosphate glasses were synthesized using a combination of raw materials, and a series of experiments to analyze their thermal properties, structural characteristics, and dissolution behaviors were conducted. Results from the thermal analysis revealed an increase in glass transition, crystallization, and melting temperatures with progressively incorporating microelements indicating an enhancement in thermal stability. Structural characterizations unveiled a prevalent presence of Q2 units in the phosphate network, with discernible Q1 units existing as shorter phosphate chains within the matrix. The inclusion of microelements enhances the chemical durability of the glasses, with specific elements like iron and manganese significantly reducing dissolution rates. This enhanced chemical stability aligns with the requirements for controlled-release fertilizers as defined by ISO 18,644 standards. This study offers valuable insights into the interactions of microelements within phosphate glass matrices, highlighting their potential as effective and environmentally friendly controlled-release fertilizers. By meeting the ISO 18,644 criteria for controlled-release fertilizers, these glasses hold promise for sustainable agriculture practices.