From the perspective of applied linguistics, taking modern Chinese as an example, this paper analyzes the teaching mode of "pronunciation", "vocabulary" and "grammar". Modern Chinese adopts the systematic and practical mode in the phonetic teaching. The basic units and syllable structure of Chinese pronunciation are introduced in detail through the phonetic symbol system, emphasizing the correlation between speech and semantics, and using phonetic training to help learners correctly understand and express the meaning of vocabulary and sentences. Through a new teaching perspective, it can help learners master the structure and rules of the language, promote the improvement of the practical language application ability, and ensure the high-quality sustainable development of international Chinese education.