Fruit Phoenix Dactylifera Research Articles

Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Properties of Algerian Phoenix dactylifera

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phagocytic activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit variety Mech degla. The antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH assay, ferrous ions chelating assay, and CUPRAC assay. The antibacterial activity against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae), was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, while the in vivo phagocytic activity was measured using carbon clearance method. The results showed that the extract exhibited good antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 0.89 ± 0.3 g/l and 0.56 ± 0.24 g/l for DPPH and ferrous ions chelating activities, respectively, and the A0.5 value of 1.45 ± 0.15 g/l in the CUPRAC assay. Moreover, the extract showed notable antibacterial activity against all tested strains with the highest zone of inhibition (23.3 ± 0.3 mm) against S. pneumonia. Besides the extract did not show any significant toxicity, it was able to stimulate the phagocytic activity with a significantly faster carbon clearance rate at the dose of up to 100 mg/kg compared to the control group. Our results suggested that the Phoenix dactylifera fruit represents a promising source for the development of safe and effective immunomodulators as remedies to prevent and treat various microbial and immune-related diseases.

Nutritional/Chemical Constituents and Free Radical Scavenging Potentials of the Aqueous Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Fruit

Aims: Phoenix dactylifera fruit, grown majorly in northern part of Nigeria is acclaimed to possess numerous nutritional and medicinal properties. The study was carried out to investigate the nutritional/chemical constituents and the free radical scavenging potentials of the aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit. Methods: The aqueous extract of the fruit was subjected to standard analytical test to assay for the amino acids, phytochemicals and free radical scavenging potentials: Phytochemicals and amino acids screening was carried out via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses. The antioxidant effects of the extract on free radicals were determined on radicals 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) , 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl , Nitric oxide and Hydroxyl radical. Results: Results revealed the presence of seven secondary metabolites with a high steroid and flavonoid content and low Coumarins, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Saponin, and Terpenoid concentration. The HPLC analysis of the phytochemical showed that it contained fifteen phytocompounds, seventeen amino acids while GCMS analysis reveals eleven fatty acids. For the free radical scavenging activity, it was able to inhibit ABTS, DPPH, NO, and OH-, in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions: The results indicate that the fruit possess good nutritional properties and abundant secondary plant metabolites constituents and this might provide evidence which corroborates with the free radical scavenging potentials of the fruit.

Water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera fruits as potential reno-protective agent against cisplatin-induced toxicity: pre- and post-treatment strategies

Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect of cisplatin, an effective platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is applicable in the treatment of several solid-tissue cancers. Studies have indicated that certain water-soluble phenolics offer renal protection. Thus, this study investigates the role of pre and post-treatment of rats with water-soluble phenolics from Phoenix dactylifera (PdP) against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Rats were either orally pretreated or post-treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of PdP before or after exposure to a single therapeutic dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 successive days intraperitoneally. The protective effects of PdP against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was based on the evaluation of various biochemical and redox biomarkers, together with histopathological examination of kidney tissues. The composition, structural features, and antioxidative influence of PdP were determined based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and in vitro antioxidative models. Cisplatin single exposure led to a substantial increase in the tested renal function biomarkers (uric acid, creatinine, and urea levels), associated with an increase in malondialdehyde indicating lipid peroxidation and a significant decline (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the renal tissue when compared with the control group. A marked decline exists in the kidney antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD, and GPx). Nevertheless, treatment with PdP significantly suppressed the heightened renal function markers, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. Spectroscopic analysis revealed significant medicinal phenolics, and in vitro tests demonstrated antioxidative properties. Taken together, results from this study indicate that pre- and/or post-treatment strategies of PdP could serve therapeutic purposes in cisplatin-induced renal damage.

Influence of graphene oxide on the dielectric properties of biogenically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles

This study presents a novel and biogenic route to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract as a plant-mediated reducing agent. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using the improved Hummer's method, and a series of GO-ZnO nanocomposites were produced by the ultrasonic-dispersion method. The structural and optical properties of the nanocomposites have been analyzed using XRD, TEM, FESEM-EDX, UV-vis. DRS, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that ZnO nanoparticles are deposited over GO sheets in the nanocomposites. The structural analysis and Rietveld refinement confirmed the successful synthesis of crystalline single-phase ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal-wurtzite structure. The influence of GO on the dielectric properties of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was analyzed in the frequency range 20 Hz-2 MHz at ambient temperature. The results showed a significant increase in the dielectric constant and ac conductivity with growing GO content in the nanocomposites compared to that of pristine ZnO. Complex impedance analysis revealed the non-Debye type relaxation and a decreasing trend in the complex impedance value with increasing GO content. This novel biogenic synthesis approach is energy-efficient and environment-friendly, which can provide an effective route for low-cost and scaled-up production of nanocomposites for several applications.

Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) Alleviate LPS-Induced Sickness Behaviour in Rats by Attenuating Proinflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in the Brain.

Traditional medicine claims that various components of the Phoenix dactylifera (date plant) can be used to treat memory loss, fever, inflammation, loss of consciousness, and nerve disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extracts (PDF) against rat sickness behaviour caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by assessing behavioural and biochemical parameters. PDF was prepared by extracting dry fruits of P. dactylifera with a methanol:water (4:1, v/v) mixture. The PDF was evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content and HPLC analysis of quercetin estimation. Adult Wistar rats were treated with LPS, PDF + LPS and dexamethasone + LPS. Water and food intake, behavioural tests such as locomotor activity, tail suspension and forced swim tests were conducted. Furthermore, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were estimated in plasma and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were estimated in the brain. PDF ameliorated LPS-induced sickness behaviour by reducing MDA, nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and improving GSH, behavioural alteration, water and food intake in the treated rats. In the plasma of the treated rats, PDF also decreased the levels of ALT and AST. The outcomes demonstrated the efficacy of PDF in reducing the sickness behaviour caused by LPS in rats. The authors believe that this study will provide the groundwork for future research to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy.

Ameliorative Ability of Cyperus esculentus (Tiger Nut) and Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm) Fruits on Blood Haematology and Film of Wistar Rats in Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Ingestion Episode

The present study investigated the ameliorative ability of Cyperus esculentus and Phoenix dactylifera fruits on blood haematology and film of wistar rats in titanium dioxide nanoparticles ingestion episode. 25 rats randomly distributed into five (5) groups were orally administered with varying combinations of titanium dioxide and tiger nut and date palm fruits extracts for 60 days, after which blood was collected for hematological and blood film analysis following standard methods. Hematological analysis showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused a decrease in white blood cell (6.52%), granulocyte (56.06%), hemoglobin (3.10%) and hematocrit (15.47%) with an increase in lymphocyte (0.52%), monocyte (48.51%), red blood cell count (7.53%), platelet count (24.21%) and plateletocrit (37.93%) of wistar rats when compared with the control. Leishman-stained blood film revealed the presence of mild to moderate dimorphic anaemia, polychromatic morphology with some macrocytic cells and aggregated thrombocytes in the blood film of rats administered TiO2NP. There was no significant ameliorative impact of C. esculentus and Phoenix dactylifera extract against TiO2NP toxicity. This may be due to the small particle size and reactive nature of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The findings of this study indicate that titanium dioxide nanoparticles negatively impacted blood hematological parameters in male wistar rats. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles should be handled and treated carefully to avoid potential health hazard in animals.

Proficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic and anti-biofilm activity of biosynthesized CeO2-graphene oxide nanocomposites

This study has applied a simple sonication method to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) loaded cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocomposites from an aqueous extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit. The green route was employed because it is eco-friendly and cost-effective. The synthesized nanocomposites were analyzed by various characterization tools such as XRD, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, RAMAN, GC-MS, BET, and XPS to study their structural, morphological, and optical properties. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical, with average crystallite sizes between 6 and 12 nm. Owing to the presence of toxic agents and a high load of microbial agents in wastewater, the development of sustainable and environment-friendly technology for wastewater treatment is gaining importance. In this regard, the photodegradation efficiency of the biosynthesized GO/CeO2 nanocomposites was studied by the degradation of model dye, methyl orange (100 ppm), and the anti-biofilm activity of the nanocomposites was investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under visible light irradiation. The GO/CeO2 nanocomposite samples have shown enhanced removal of methyl orange dye compared to bare CeO2 nanoparticles. The experimental observation showed that the 30% GO-CeO2 is the optimized nanocomposite that achieved 93% photocatalytic degradation efficiency and maximum incubation, 82% of gram-negative and 60% of gram-positive, of bacteria. Thus, GO/CeO2 nanocomposites, owing to their enhanced photocatalytic proficiency and anti-biofilm activity, could be utilized for wastewater treatment.

Potential bioactivity of Phoenix dactylifera fruits, leaves, and seeds against prostate and pancreatic cancer cells.

The use of functional foods' phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of different cancer diseases has become one of the hot scientific areas in the clinical nutrition field. For instance, the Khalas palm cultivar (KPC; Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the natural sustainable resources that have high bioactivity and functionality. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative activity and mode of action of KPC's different parts on prostate (Pc3) and pancreatic (panc1) cancer cells at a molecular level. In the methods, KPC's leaves, seeds, and fruits' chemical composition and phytochemical analysis were analyzed. Also, the cytotoxic effects of each extract were assessed against pc3 and panc1 cell lines. Besides, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and gene expression of both Cap3 and Cap9 were studied. The obtained results indicated that KPC leaves extract exhibited the highest significant (P < 0.01) anti-proliferation activity against the utilized cancer cell lines compared to fruits and seeds extracts. Also, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the phenolic contents, flavonoid of compounds, and antioxidant power of the leaves when compared to the seeds and fruits. Additionally, the highest cytotoxic effect (lowest IC50) was recorded with leave extract than seeds and fruits. Meanwhile, the seeds extract induced (P < 0.05) the apoptosis and arrested cells in the G2/M phase as well as up-regulated the gene expression of the apoptotic-related genes (Casp3 and Casp9) compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study showed that the presence of bioactive components in the KPC different parts extracts have the significant ability to induce the apoptotic pathway that could down-regulate the proliferation of prostate (pc3) and pancreatic (panc1) cancer cells. The pathway mechanism of action was induced by the phytol molecule presented in its leaves extract.

The Efficacy of Unani Formulation Consisting of Phoenix dactylifera Fruit, Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds, and Honey in Qillat-e-Mani (Oligospermia) – A Single-Arm Clinical Trial

Background and objective: Qillat-e-Mani (oligospermia) is a very common health problem that significantly impairs the patients' quality of life, resulting in family separation, depression, and anxiety. It has extensively been discussed in Unani medicine, with the greater emphasis on its therapeutic as well as dietary interventions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a Unani formulation in patients with oligospermia. Methods: It was a single-arm clinical trial conducted on 30 eligible participants in the age bracket of 20 to 60 years suffering from laboratory-confirmed oligospermia, after obtaining written informed consent. The trial intervention consisted of a 6g daily dose of Unani formulation in M'ajūn (semi-solid paste) form. The efficacy of the intervention was determined by assessing sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume from baseline to the conclusion of the therapy. The paired t-test was used to analyze the data. Results: The objective parameters showed statistically significant improvements without the occurrence of any adverse events. Conclusion: Although the Unani formulation is statistically effective in treating Qillat-e-Mani (oligospermia), it failed to normalize the range of sperm counts in many patients, which may be attributed to the brief duration of therapy. Thus, longer-term RCTs with more stringent criteria are required to bolster the scientific evidence.

Phoenix dactylifera L. (Ajwa Dates): An energetic plant fruit with immense nutraceuticals value for strengthening the power of resistance

Phoenix dactylifera L. (family Arecaceae) is a unique natural products fruit that contains a high amount of carbohydrates, alkaloids, carotenes, steroids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, vitamins, and tannins used in various forms of diseases such as bleeding, dyspnoea, cough, burning sensation, syncope, trauma, and tuberculosis. Date Fruits are utilized worldwide especially in Arab zones as a part of the essential diet for a long time. Its fruit is now utilized in several traditional systems of medicine (TSM), particularly in Ayurvedic formulations, to treat a variety of maladies. It has different pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antimutagenic, anti-asthmatic, nephroprotective, gastrointestinal protective, hepatoprotective, Cerebro-protective, neuroprotective, immunostimulatory activity, and aphrodisiac activities. Its formulations are advocated for the treatment of lead-induced hepatotoxicity, chemotherapy side effects such as methylprednisolone, and male and female infertility. Phoenix dactylifera fruits and date seeds have been mentioned in various literature and early Ayurvedic writings for their phytochemical, phytopharmacological, traditional, and folklore applications.

Exploiting Egyptian dates waste extract as a preservative to improve the quality and safety of chilled chickens

Egypt is one of the richest countries in the world producing Phoenix dactylifera fruit. Phoenix dactylifera fruit wastes are not yet extensively utilized in the industry. Chicken safety and quality are prerequisites for current meat production and a basic requirement for consumers. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 2% date seed extract on the safety and quality of the chicken meat marketed in Port-Saied markets, Egypt using chemical and bacteriological parameters. A total of forty chicken carcasses were equally divided into two groups. The first group was treated by dipping the carcasses in 2% date seeds extract for 15 mins, while the second group was kept as a control. Chicken samples were evaluated after one hour of treatment, as on the 3 rd, 6th, and 9th days of storage at 3±1°C. The obtained results revealed that pH, total volatile nitrogen (mg/100 g), and Thiobarbituric Acid reactive substances (mg-MDA/kg) values of treated samples were 6.4, 13.6 and 0.303 respectively on the 9th day of chilled storage. The treatment of chicken samples with 2% date seeds extract showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) lower total volatile nitrogen and Thiobarbituric Acid reactive substances values, as compared with control ones due to their content of antioxidants and phenolic compounds. Additionally, treatment with 2% date seed extracts significantly reduced the aerobic bacterial counts and extended the shelf-life of stored chicken meat to the 9 th day of storage. Furthermore, using 2% date seed extract effectively improved the safety of the chicken meat as Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. were not detected in treated samples. It could be concluded from this study that additional studies are recommended to investigate the nature of the preservative materials in dates seeds extract to expand its use on an industrial scale to ensure the safety and quality of chilled chicken meat.

In vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanol and n-hexane extracts of Phoenix dactylifera fruits

Phoenix dactylifera fruits, commonly known as date fruits are consumed worldwide because of their nutritional and pharmacological values owing to their nutrients and phytoconstituents compositions. This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanol and n-hexane extracts of P. dactylifera fruits in Wistar rats. Egg albumin and carrageenan-induced inflammation models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities, while acetic acid and formalin-induced pain models were used to evaluate the analgesic activities in Wistar rats. Each model comprised of eight groups of three rats each. Groups administered with 300 mg/kg bw and 600 mg/kg bw of the n-hexane and methanol extracts, respectively exhibited maximum percentage inhibition. The maximum percentage inhibitions of methanol extract on egg albumin and carrageenan, acetic acid and formalin-induced pain at 600 mg/kg bw. (67.24% and 64.22%, 63.33% and 65.32%, respectively) were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than that of the n-hexane extract at 300 mg/kg bw. (56.90% and 52.94%, 50.00% and 52.56%, respectively). Conclusively, both extracts possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, with methanol extract showing greater activity. These activities may be due to the presence of tannins, saponins, but most especially flavonoids in both extracts.

Characterization of Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) calyces wine using date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) fruit extracts as a substitute for granulated sugar

This study examined the physicochemical, color and sensory attributes of wines produced from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces while substituting granulated sugar with Phoenix dactylifera fruit extracts in the ratio 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The sample mixture was subjected to fermentation at 28 ± 2℃ for 8 days to produce the fermented must which was divided into two portions, with one portion clarified to age for a period of 6 weeks while the other remained un-clarified. Result showed that both clarification and inclusion rate of date fruit extract led to significant differences (p < .05) in the physicochemical, color and sensory characteristics of aged wines. However, panelists affirmed that clarified aged wine from 75% Roselle calyces and 25% date palm fruit extracts were the most preferred. Thus, date fruit extracts could serve as a substitute for granulated sugar for the production of good quality Roselle wine in the food industry. Practical applications There is strong interest in the food industry to produce good quality wines from tropical fruits and vegetables like Roselle calyces. Recent development has established that addition of date fruit extracts to Roselle calyces as a substitute to granulated sugar would enhance commercial production of low alcoholic wine with good quality characteristics that possesses several highly health promoting factors such as antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-hyperlidimic activity and hepatoprotective activity.

Immunostimulatory Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Supplemented Diet on Aeromonas hydrophila Infected Clarias gariepinus

Background: Phoenix dactylifera fruit has been widely reported for its effective anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the effect of P. dactylifera on immune responses was evaluated in Aeromonas hydrophila infected Clarias gariepinus. Methods: P. dactylifera fruit powder was used as feed inclusion at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% concentrations to the pelleted fish diet of C. gariepinus juveniles. A total of 75 fish were divided into fourgroups (n=15) . The fish were fed with the formulated feed twice a day (08:00 h and 17:00 h), and terminated 24 h before the commencement of the microbial inoculation with inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. The fish were later challenged with active Aeromonas hydrophila after seven weeks of experimental feeding. Blood samples were collected from fish while haemagglutination and phagocytic assays were used to determine the antibody titres and phagocytic action of the immune cells, respectively. Then, the micronucleus assay was used to determine the chromosomal damage effect of Aeromonas hydrophila pathogen on exposed C. gariepinus. Results: After the challenge, the groups fed with 0.5 and 2.0% date showed significantly (p˂0.05)elevated level of immune responses with antibody titres of 231.49±77.06 and 257.18±51.37, and phagocytic activity values of 0.07±0.01 and 0.04±0.00, respectively. The clastogenic effect of A. hydrophilaon the peripheral blood of infected C. gariepinus was observed, this was significantly reduced in 2% P. dactylifera fed group. Also, increase white blood cell count was observed in the C. gariepinus group fed with 0.5% date supplement. A higher lymphoid organ index was also observed in fish fed with the supplemented diet, as compared to the control. Conclusions: These results indicate that P. dactylifera fruit powder enriched diet showed an immune-boosting and reduction of the DNA damaging effect in bacteria-infected C. gariepinus

Assessment of semen characteristics of rabbit bucks administered hydro-alcoholic extract of Phoenix dactylifera fruit

The semen characteristics of 24 rabbit bucks of age 28-32 weeks weighing between 1.0-1.5kg was assessed after the administration of hydroalcoholic extract of phoenix dactylifera (date palm) fruit. Phoenix dactylifera hydroalcoholic extract (HAEPD) was administered to four treatment groups at varied levels having T1 (no extract), T2 (300mg), T3 (600mg) and T4 (900mg) in a completely randomized design. The following semen parameters were assessed in the bucks after the administration of HAEDP for 56 days (i.e volume (mL), massal motility (%), individual motility (%), viability (%), morphology (%), libido (sec), liquefaction (min)and semen pH). The results obtained showed that semen volume (mL) was highest at 600mg dose of the extract (77mL) being significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than other treatment groups between which were not different from each other. No significant differences (p&gt;0.05) were observed across treatment groups for mass motility (%). Individual motility of T3 (600mg) and T4 (900mg) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than T1(0mg) and T2(300mg). Sperm viability (%) and concentration (x106/ml) were higher in treatment groups receiving date palm extract compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in morphology (%) and liquefaction (min). reaction time (sec) was lower in T3 and T4 compared to control and T2. PH ranged between 6.10-6.33 (slightly acidic) across treatment groups. In conclusion, date palm extract positively influenced sperm volume and sperm concentration in rabbit bucks.&#x0D;

Enhanced Removal of Crystal Violet Dye and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Ti Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Phoenix Dactylifera Mediated Green Method

Currently eco-friendly green method is used for the synthesis of biocompatible pure and Ti doped cerium oxide nanoparticles. Various chemical methods have been reported for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In the present work, the green chemistry route was employed for the synthesis of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles (nanoceria) by Phoenix Dactylifera fruit extract. Their structural, morphological and optical properties were investigated by XRD, XPS, UV-DRS, GC–MS, FTIR and TEM. Structural analysis confirms the formation of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles with particle size ranging from 7 to 9 nm and XPS analysis confirms the presence of Ti+4 ions in CeO2 nanoparticles. It was observed that Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited the enhanced removal of crystal violet dye and maximum degradation was obtained by 15% Ti doped nanoceria. Antibiofilm activity of Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles were also investigated against P. aeruginosa PAO1, which shows maximum antibiofilm activity for 20% Ti doped CeO2 nanoparticles.

Tailoring an efficient nanocomposite of activated carbon-layered double hydroxide for elimination of water-soluble dyes

We offer a potential nanocomposite of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles and activated carbon (AC) for the elimination of water-soluble dyes from wastewater. The composite was synthesized through a hydrothermal treatment of magnesium and aluminum ions in the presence of AC layers which produced from Phoenix dactylifera fruit pits. The impact of different adsorption conditions were tested to collect the best conditions using LDH-AC composite as an adsorbent and methylene blue (MB) as a model of water-soluble dyes. The LDH-AC composite exhibited superior affinity towards the removal of MB molecules. The capacity for adsorption of MB reached 250.2 mg/g at pH 9. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 816 mg/g at room temperature for a monolayer of LDH-AC composites. The recyclability studies showed a five times use of LDH-AC composite as an adsorbent for MB with an efficiency of 70% at the fifth cycle. The existence of interference cations (Mg2+, K+, and Na+) or anions such as (NO3−, SO42−, and Cl−) had a limited influence on the MB adsorption.

Phoenix dactylifera Linn fruit based-diets palliate hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Objectives This study was designed to examine the in vitro inhibitory activities of vital enzymes related to diabetes mellitus and different biochemical parameters of Phoenix dactylifera fruit based-diet in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods The aqueous extract of P.dactylifera fruit based-diet was prepared and used for determination of in vitro antioxidants as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities using standard procedures. Also, 30 albino rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan and grouped into A-D as normal rats placed on Dioscorea rotundata based-diet, diabetic control rats placed on D.rotundata based-diet, diabetic rats placed on D.rotundata based-diet and administered metformin orally per day, and diabetic rats placed on P.dactylifera fruit based-diet respectively. The animals were sacrificed on the fourth week of the experiment, and different biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results The P.dactylifera fruit based-diet extract demonstrated antioxidative potentials and inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, diabetic rats placed on the P.dactylifera fruit based-diet revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight, insulin and glycogen levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, GLUT 2 and high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations when compared with the diabetic control group. Also, diabetic rats placed on P.dactylifera fruit based-diet indicate significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, cytokines levels, some gluconeogenesis enzyme activities, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins concentrations compared to the diabetic control animals. Conclusion This diet could be an alternative nutraceutical means of managing diabetes mellitus and its complications.

In Vitro Green Synthesis of Phoenix dactylifera Silver Nanoparticles: Assessing Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

In the field of nanotechnology, the utilization of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis is of great interest to researchers. Numerous attempts have been made for the green synthesis of silver NPs using plant extracts and some methods have successfully accomplished this. This research focuses on using an eco-friendly method for the green synthesis of silver NPs using six cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera fruit extract and determining their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These NPs were then characterized by their optical property using ultraviolet-visible spectral analysis. The surface plasmon resonance for these synthesized NPs was observed at 420[Formula: see text]nm in the ultraviolet-visible spectra. These NPs were subjected to total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2’-azino-bis3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power for evaluating their antioxidant properties and compared with the results of water extracts of the fruit. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Overall, NPs exhibited good-to-moderate antioxidant activity and strong antimicrobial activity. The TAC and TPC of NPs were found to be lower, but TFC was relatively high compared with water extracts. The ferric reducing ability of NPs varied according to the date cultivar and was higher than water extracts in only some date varieties. On studying the antimicrobial activity, NPs showed greater bacterial inhibition than water extracts, and Staphylococcus aureus was more potent than Escherichia coli. The overall findings highlight the potential use of green synthesis of silver NPs for antioxidant activity and particularly antimicrobial activity and may be beneficial for biomedical and pharmaceutical purposes.

English

Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa khajur) is pharmacologically important plant because of its hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, antihyperlipidemic and anticancerous properties. In present study, hepatoprotective effect of Phoenix dactylifera was observed in adult albino rabbits. Isoniazid (INH) is a first line antitubercular agent but it has hepatotoxicity causing potential due to the generation of reactive oxygen species on its prolong use. Thirty adult albino rabbits of either sex were used in this study. Hepatoprotective potential of date palm was screened by using its two doses i.e. 150mg/kg/day and 300mg/kg/day up to 14 days. Results have shown that experimental animals treatment with date palm significantly prevented elevation of liver function enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP). Alteration in oxidative status parameters (TAC, TOS, MDA and catalase) significantly prevented as compared to isoniazid induced hepatotoxic animals. Also, complete blood count evaluation showed increase in blood cells number. All above findings were also confirmed by histopathological studies. Liver tissue samples showed normal hepatocytes architecture in date palm treated groups. Therefore, from the results we can conclude that Phoenix dactylifera fruit possesses hepatoprotective activity and have a mild hematopoietic effect.