Revolution In Philosophy Research Articles

Ideas about work: contexts and meanings

This article presents various readings of the meaning of work in Western civilization, investigating the contexts of these constructions. The mythical meanings of Hellenism, Judaism, Rousseau and even the mythical appropriation of communism are illustrated here, as well as the rapprochement between liberalism and Protestantism to forge a specific concept of work. Modern concepts committed to revolutionary philosophy or progressivism are also analyzed by comparing them with the current meanings assigned to work. In addition to reviewing more general conceptions of work in different times, addressing different contexts in which its meaning is produced, this article illustrates how ideas contained in works of dystopian literature, such as George Orwell's 1984 or Aldous Hukley's Brave New World, were the basis for a more forceful critique of the modern conception of work. Research by Zygmunt Bauman (2001), who comments on the limits of the modern conception of work, and Cecília Bergamini (2003) and Marie-France Hirigoyen (2002), who propose a renewed meaning of work that can embrace attending to diversity as an operational advantage in corporations, were used as some of the theoretical contributions.

Philosophical Approaches To William Blake’s Revolutionary Vision

This article delves into the intellectual facets of William Blake's imaginative universe, examining the numerous perspectives that can be used to understand his deep ideas. By concentrating on the philosophical underpinnings of Blake's unique vision, this study aims to investigate the intricate layers of his works from both a literary and philosophical standpoint. It is believed that the English poet Wordsworth observed, "I know this poor man was insane, but there's something about his madness that interests me more than Walter Scott's and Lord Byron's sanity. Blake's creative and literary works frequently broke free from conventional conventions and provided a visionary viewpoint that went beyond common sense perception. This essay explores Blake's philosophical legacy and the various ways in which his vision addresses creativity, reality, and spiritual expression through a thorough analysis of his works, especially The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and Jerusalem. This essay advances our knowledge of Blake's lasting impact and the great importance of his imaginative vision by examining the philosophical responses to his ideas. Readers are encouraged to discuss Blake's influence and the enduring value of his revolutionary philosophy.

Using Ho Chi Minh's People's War and All-People's National Defense Thoughts to Form Vietnam's Military and National Defense Strategies

This study analyzes the utilization of Ho Chi Minh's ideas on people's war and all-people's national defense in the development of Vietnam's National Defense Strategy and Military Strategy in the present day. The study highlights the significant theoretical and practical importance of Ho Chi Minh's ideology, which is a useful resource for the Party, people, and military forces in protecting the socialist Vietnamese country. The paper emphasizes the necessity of acquiring a thorough comprehension of Ho Chi Minh's ideologies, their fundamental principles, and the significance of innovatively implementing them in the formulation of defense and military strategies, in accordance with the Party's directives, policies, and the unique conditions of the nation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the imperative of safeguarding and enhancing Ho Chi Minh's revolutionary philosophy during the formulation of these policies. The research highlights the vital significance of Ho Chi Minh's ideas in tackling important matters concerning national defense, military matters, and the readiness for possible wars or armed conflicts, while maintaining alignment with Vietnam's talents and resources. The primary objective of the study is to provide a meaningful contribution to the preservation and progress of Ho Chi Minh's intellectual legacy in the pursuit of establishing a robust national defense and military strategy for Vietnam.

Hegel’s Keplerian Revolution in Philosophy

In this paper, I approach Hegel’s philosophy under the banner of a “Keplerian Revolution”, the implicit reference being, of course, to Kant’s supposed Copernican philosophical revolution. Kepler had been an early supporter of the Copernican paradigm in astronomy, but went well beyond his predecessor, and so is invoked here in an attempt to capture some of the important ways in which Hegel attempted to go beyond the philosophy of Kant. To make these issues more determinate, however, Hegel’s Keplerian orientation will not be presented in its contrast to Kant’s “Copernicanism” as such, but as contrasted with that of another early follower of Copernicus, Giordano Bruno, and this Brunian orientation will be used to characterize Kant’s philosophy as seen from Hegel’s rival Keplerian point of view. Interpreting Hegel as a philosophical Keplerian will require that we broach those worrisome aspects of Kepler’s astronomy, namely his support for Plato’s cosmology and the tradition of the “music of the spheres”, but this will be shown to have connections to Hegel’s own approach to logic. This in turn will help shed light on the meaning of Hegel’s form of idealism and, in particular, on its usually unacknowledged Platonic dimensions.

A legacy of ‘propagandist action’: Robert Owen, the paradox of working-class pedagogy, and the making of Britain’s co-operative movement

What’s the secret of British co-operation’s success? This essay argues that one answer to that question is: adult education. Drawing from cultural hegemony theory and historical literature, it shows that Robert Owen’s revolutionary philosophy of education fired many campaigns and institutional innovations: to dispel “false beliefs”; propagate a “rational social system”; and advance collective aspirations for “self-improvement”. Both an educational visionary and social reformer, Owen’s passion for “propagandist action” thus laid unique discursive foundations for Owenist-socialism’s enduring legacy of popular education. It also drove British co-operation’s emergent counter-hegemony to the investor-owned firm through three overlapping waves: early Owenism’s founding-prophetic tradition, which subordinated co-operative shops to “villages of co-operation”; the local-democratic pedagogy that subsequently emerged around those shops; and the movement-spanning professionalism that defines Britain’s contemporary educational institutions. Accounting for this sustained tradition of educational activism thus helps explain British co-operation’s durability. For example, its robust and wide-ranging present-day educational innovations such as the Co-operative College, Co-operative News, or the Co-operative Party are artefacts of this distinctive legacy. Lessons from the British experience thus illustrate the potential to build on adult education’s evolving promise, with significant conceptual and strategic implications beyond British shores.

American Legal Realism and the Revitalization of Literary Realist History

American Legal Realism and the Revitalization of Literary Realist History

Stranger Citizens: Migrant Influence and National Power in the Early American Republic

Even for established early modern nation-states, the question of citizenship, the rights it confers, and the rights of resident aliens and migrants were subjective political sticky wickets. For a new nation, congealed from the Atlantic mélange of the British Empire, the issue was still more mucky. Add to that the universal and global nature of America's natural rights' revolutionary philosophy, the emergent American republican identity that thrust new political duties and expectations upon average men (usually white), and the new nation's need for open trade and an expanding labor force, and the issue clouded even further. John McNelis O'Keefe candidly touts the relevancy of this study given the policies of the previous administration, but it is just as relevant for the prior 240 years. In a republic such as the United States, the rights and duties of citizens, residents, and migrants are paramount yet evolving concerns in which the powerless contest with the powerful for the control of vital resources—among them their lives, liberty, and their pursuits of happiness.

Love and Other Injustices

Abstract In this article, Naisargi N. Dave examines the relationship between animals and love in India, animals and love in multispecies anthropology, and between ethics and love more generally. She argues that ahimsa (nonviolence) and love share the characteristic of abnegating moral responsibility beyond the self and its attachments. Thus, Dave argues, against some strains of contemporary political thought, love is not the antithesis to ethical indifference but its very ground. Love is an indifference to all that does not accomplish its lovability. Dave's offering of an alternative interspecies ethic is what she calls indifference to difference—or “being in difference”—and she locates shades of this immanent ethic in precolonial South Asian conceptions of love as well as in a prenationalist revolutionary philosophy of ahimsa. Dave claims that love is an injustice because when we love it is the one or ones who are special to us that we save. She argues instead for an impassioned ethics without love: an indifference to difference.

By any sacramental means necessary: Baptism as engaged defiance of ecocide and empire

AbstractBy the end of his life, Malcolm X had become synonymous with the phrase, "by any means necessary." With this philosophy he expanded the black freedom struggle of his day, adding new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to the movement. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) has named God's gifts of Word and Sacrament the "means of grace." Held up to the revolutionary philosophy of Malcolm X, the degree to which our baptismal means have become domesticated and depoliticized becomes troublingly clear. This paper addresses these problems and offers a way forward. The special relationship that God, Jesus, and even Martin Luther had with water—to say nothing of our ongoing climate catastrophe—compels us to begin by rewatering and repoliticizing the entire baptismal process, introducing new urgency, militancy, and sobriety to our once revolutionary sacrament.

Kant’s ‘Copernican Revolution’: Toward Rehabilitation of a Concept and Provision of a Framework for the Interpretation of the Critique of Pure Reason (Translated by M.D. Lakhuti)

Against those commentators who consider Kant’s explicit reference to Copernicus’s heliocentric reversal either grossly misleading or simply irrelevant to the revolution in philosophy carried out in the Critique of Pure Reason, it is argued in this paper that Kant’s transcendental idealist inversion of the familiar standpoint of realism and sound common sense fully justifies the talk of a ‘Copernican revolution,’ even if Kant himself never used the expression. It is not just the dominant ‘moving spectator’ motif (or transcendental turn) of the Preface that has to do with Copernicus; both the immediately following ‘crucial experiment’ motif (on the distinction between appearances and things in themselves) and the ‘critical’ motif (regarding self-knowledge and the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments) confirm the aptness of the Copernican analogy. Still, some commentators have stretched the analogy too far; the final section of the paper attempts to determine just how far it may reasonably be said to go.

THE WILL TO POWER AND OTHER FORCES ACCORDING TO NIETZSCHE

In this research I dealt with the subject of (the will to power) and how the philosopher (Nietzsche) dealt with it. I wanted to stand in this research at an important question in Western philosophy, and is the idea of the will to power in Nietzsche the top of his critical pyramid? Is it the epitome of his revolutionary philosophy? Is it the principle and goal that man seeks to reach? Nietzsche sees that within man there is a force that pushes him to transcendence and transcendence above existence, and it represents the nature of the existing, represented by the will to power. We have sought in this research to shed light on the value aspects in Nietzsche’s philosophy and their relationship to the will to power and the meaning of this concept through its manifestation and its appearance in life, until it reaches its goal and purpose, which is to reach the perfect human or “Superman who transcends everything.”

Ancient didactic astronomical texts

The article focuses on ancient astronomy as an academic dis-cipline. Antiquity created a holistic image of the world and a cul-ture of thinking, in which the natural and exact sciences and lib-eral arts were not artificially differentiated and remained in har-monious unity, becoming the basis of an interdisciplinary ap-proach in education. Therefore, even the exact sciences were studied literarily from poetic works. On the example of ancient culture, the connection between the astronomical worldview and other components of the mindset is particularly clearly traced. This is crucial in terms of technology since ancient pedagogy contained all the criteria for technological effectiveness. In the Homeric age, the basic mnemonic rules for navigating by the stars, the definition of the conditions for visibility of heavenly bodies in all seasons, the connection of celestial phenomena with the calendar, known since the Cretan-Mycenaean age, were liter-arily recorded in the epic. This trend was further developed in Hesiod’s didactic epic and took shape in the content as a para-digm of astronomical education. The appearance of Cleobulina’s astronomical riddles appeared, which are allegorical in nature and show similarities with the allegories of Homer, took place approximately at the same time. In subsequent periods (from the 5th century BC), the school study of the Homer and Hesiod’s works required writing comments on the astronomical passages of these and later other authors. With the development of natural philosophical doctrines, new methods of presenting astronomical material appeared. The original form of the philosophical epic was replaced by a prosaic form. The reaction to the natural philo-sophical revolution led to a preference for the traditional Homer and Hesiod. Special educational astronomical texts written by such authors as Aratus, Germanicus, Alexander Aetolus, etc. came to exist-ence as a separate group.

Антиреалистическая и неклассическая теории анализа и синтеза

The article shows that three antirealistic theories of classical analysis and synthesis are logically possible: presentationistic, solipsistic and Kantian, but only the latter is actually being developed. Revealed its specific features and features shared with other, logically possible antirealistic theories. The correlation of the Kantian theory of analysis and synthesis of knowledge with his theory of analysis and synthesis of subjects of knowledge is analyzed. Gnoseological problems that forced Kant to assert that new knowledge is provided only by the synthesis of knowledge, and analysis only clarifies the results of synthesis, are characterized. The Kantian solution to these problems is correlated with their realistic solution. The role that the Kantian "Copernican revolution in philosophy" plays in his interpretation of the analysis and synthesis of subjects of knowledge is investigated. The Kantian theory of analytical and synthetic judgments is considered. It is shown that the Kantian question "how are synthetic judgments a priori possible?" is essentially a question about the nature of theoretical knowledge, which was historically formed in ancient geometry precisely as the unity of analysis and synthesis. A qualitative difference is shown between classical and geometric (by origin) analysis and synthesis. Three historical stages of their formation are described. The assertion of I. Newton that the natural science experiment arose as a result of the extension of the method of geometric analysis and synthesis to the natural sciences is investigated.

The Question as to Why We Have to Live Out the Agony of Our Epoch and its Fundamental Un-Answerability

This paper excavates certain impulses that are buried in Pierre Klossowski’s 1968 edition of his original 1947 work, Sade My Neighbor. We argue that the self-suffocating nature of our historical present reveals the problem of an epochal threshold: in which twenty-first century democracy itself is threatened with death and violence in delusional neofascist attempts at national self-preservation. This speaks to a deeper enigma of time, epochal shifts, and the mystery of historical time; but it does so in a manner that escapes classical problems in the philosophy of history. Rather, by returning to Klossowski’s late 1940s and late 1960s contexts while reoccupying the New Testament question of Jesus’s foresakeness on the Cross, we unravel a series of paradoxes and aporias that attempt to deepen metaphysical problems of time, death, and the sovereign autonomy of human freedom and existence. Ultimately the paper concludes by offering certain speculative philosophical constructions on why today’s self-cannibalization of democracy has its roots in unresolved tensions that span these two poles: a.) the primordial secret of early Christian proclamation of Jesus’s death and b.) the post-Christian Sadean experiment of a philosophical revolution that was doomed to implode when the valorization of pain, suffering, and death fails to fill the vacuum left behind by atheism.

LEO STRAUSS: A CRITIQUE OF HEGEL’S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

The article is devoted to Leo Strauss’s critique of Hegel’s political philosophy. The author holds this topic relevant in the context of the crisis of modern political science. To understand the causes and nature of this crisis, it is necessary to pay attention to alternative philosophical and political theories of the XX century. Leo Strauss’s philosophy of politics is just such an alternative theory. Strauss made a radical critique of modern political philosophy, which he saw as an important part of the project of modern civilization. Strauss stresses that Hegel became one of the most prominent philosophers who participated in the creation of modern science and the modern world. The author considers the main critical arguments of Strauss, evaluates their validity and their significance for the Straussian conservative revolution in philosophy. The author pays special attention to the question of Hegel’s role in the break with classical political philosophy. Strauss accused Hegel that he had taken all the major steps that led to this rupture. Hegel, according to Strauss, secularized political thinking, which led to the loss of universal Christian values. The consequence of this secularization was the dominance of positivism in political philosophy. Hegel’s philosophy of history, according to Strauss, is relativism. Hegel’s historicism and progressivism are contradictory and inconsistent. Strauss also accuses Hegel of abandoning the philosophical esoteric art of writing. The article draws attention to the fact that Strauss recognized the importance of Hegel as an outstanding thinker of his time. Strauss viewed Hegel’s philosophy as a kind of intermediate link between classical philosophy and modern positivism. The author concludes that for Strauss the critique of Hegel’s political philosophy became an important element of his project of restoration of classical political philosophy. The article uses little-known materials from Strauss’s lectures in 1958 and 1965.

A portrait of central Italy's geology through Giotto's paintings and its possible cultural implications

Abstract. Central Italy has some of the most complex geology in the world. In the midst of this inscrutable territory, two people emerged – St. Francis and Giotto – and they would ultimately change the history of ecology, religion and art by extolling the landscapes and geology of this region. From antiquity to the Middle Ages, humans had a conflicting relationship with nature, seeing it as representing either divine or satanic forces. On the vanguard of a change in perspective toward the natural world was St. Francis of Assisi (ca. 1181–1226) who is now, thanks to his pioneering work, a patron of ecology. He set forth the revolutionary philosophy that the Earth and all living creatures should be respected as creations of the Almighty. St. Francis' affinity for the environment influenced the artist Giotto (ca. 1270–1337), who revolutionized art history by including natural elements in his religious works. By taking sacred images away from heaven and placing them in an earthly landscape, he separated them definitively from their abstract, unapproachable representation in Byzantine art. Giotto's works are distinctive because they portray daily life as blessed, thus demonstrating that the difference between the sacred and profane is minimal. Disseminating the new ideas of St. Francis visually was very effective, as the general populace was illiterate. Seeing frescoes reflecting their everyday lives in landscapes that were familiar changed their way of thinking. The trees, plants, animals and rocky landscapes were suddenly perceived as gifts from the Creator to be used, enjoyed and respected. Furthermore, Giotto recognized that the variety of dramatic landscapes would provide spectacular visual interest in the works. By including the striking landforms of central Italy, and portraying them accurately, Giotto allows us the opportunity to identify the types of rock in his frescoes and possibly even the exact locations he depicted. In fact, it would be discoveries in the pink Scaglia Rossa limestone – depicted in Giotto's frescoes as pink buildings and used to construct the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi – which would revolutionize the history of geology.

What DoesA Thousand PlateausContribute to the Study of Early Christianity?

What difference does the philosophical revolution of Deleuze and Guattari make to our understanding the early Christianity? In honour of the fortieth anniversary of publication of A Thousand Plateaus, this article argues that the discipline of Christian origins is currently premised on a historically condemned mode of subjectivity, that of subject/object metaphysics. The philosophical processes found in A Thousand Plateaus are particularly apposite to the current dilemma of Christian origins: as a rhizome-book consisting of plateaus, machines, singularities and non-representational concepts, this book models new modes of thinking that can help the discipline rejuvenate itself and accomplish new tasks which are presently beyond its reach – for Deleuzian philosophy privileges the virtual over the actual, becoming over being, machinic transformations over static structures, and semiotics over linguistics.

Pygmalion and the Owl of Minerva: The Philosophy of Revolution by N.V. Ustryalov

Introduction. The article examines the theoretical views on revolution as a socio-political phenomenon advanced by N.V. Ustryalov (1890–1937), main ideologist of National Bolshevism. Methods and materials. The article focuses mainly on the publicistic works by N.V. Ustryalov. The task of identifying general theoretical constructs dissolved in the general journalistic discourse or veiled for tactical reasons requires the correct interpretation of images and symbols, careful analysis of all the content, as well as the “reverse” formatting of it in a consistent concept. Analysis. Ustryalov differentiated revolution from other similar social phenomena (coup detat, riot, rebellion, etc.). In his point of view, revolution has several unique features: it follows sine and passes its peak in the middle, it “deepens” at its peak to a “clear idea”, which is not implemented, and it is characterized by “heterogeneous goals”. There is a good reason to assume that Ustryalov considered the stages of the French Revolution as an invariant for a revolution as such. In the article, the stages of the Russian Revolution in Ustryalovs assessing are analyzed: its general coincidences with the French revolution, the difference in their secondary factors and scenarios. Results. The author suggests that Ustryalov based on his analysis of the Russian Revolution and the general development of Russia in the 1900s–1920s of the 20th c. was able to formulate a version of Russian history of modern times that is relevant and actual at the moment, because it explains consistent dialectical continuity from the Russian Empire to the USSR, and is the least traumatic for the historical memory of the majority of the population of Russia at the present stage.

Prolegomenon to an Informational Philosophy in Reality

In the acceptation of Wu Kun, the Philosophy of Information is a metaphilosophy incorporating informational-philosophical stances on major epistemological and ontological questions. Examples of Brenner’s contributions to previous Philosophy of Information conferences include work on personal identity, symmetry, semiotics, social competence and responsibility, as well as, together with Wu, the informational revolution in philosophy itself. In this approach, the necessity of a non-standard logic of real processes was demonstrated. In this paper, Brenner and Igamberdiev analyze the dialectics and logic underlying the application of Informational Philosophy. The utility of their approach is further demonstrated in the areas of meaning and semiotics, as well as information itself and communication. A new characterization of dynamic units of thought, and hence of information processes, is suggested in advance of a planned, more detailed treatment.

Green chemistry as ecofriendly chemistry: a review

The green chemistry movement has aimed to make the sector safer and more competitive over the last two decades. Yet mindset is evolving gradually, and the transition still has a long and challenging path ahead. Green Chemistry is a revolutionary philosophy that began 20 years ago and aims to unify government, academic and industrial societies. Through making the early stages of innovation and development, more focus on environmental impacts and addressing through green chemistry could be a viable alternative to protect our environment and reduce industrial emissions. In this review article, we will discuss the green chemistry as ecofriendly chemistry. This review also synthesis the foundation, principals and future directions of green chemistry.