Influence Of Philosophy Research Articles

A faith in science: Gardner Murphy and parapsychology

Historians have noted that many 19th-century founders and members of psychic societies were clergy, or had fathers who were clergy, seeking evidence for the survivalist hypothesis. One such member, psychologist Gardner Murphy, was influenced in childhood both by the Episcopalian faith of his father and the Transcendentalism of his mother's hometown, Concord, Massachusetts. We propose that these religious and philosophical influences, as well as his childhood experiences informed his life's work. They also prompted Gardner Murphy to focus on the survivalist hypothesis and commit to discovering a scientific approach that might yield evidence of paranormal phenomena. Murphy was highly respected for his biosocial theory of personality and his contributions to the discipline of psychology, even while he persisted in studying parapsychology, an area of contention in the relatively new science of psychology. He drew on the potential synergy of world religions and philosophical traditions as a means of understanding human behavior – in each case revealing him as the polymath and ethical humanist for which he is remembered. Like William James, he viewed reported psychic experiences as simply another human phenomenon to be examined using the scientific method. His ability to entwine these interests seems motivated by his religious upbringing and academic training in the sciences.

The Three Postulate Idea: Between Limits and Metaphysical Beliefs in Immanuel Kant's System of Philosophy

In the history of Western philosophy, debates about truth and error have continued to develop, reflecting diverse views that have emerged over time. The question of human nature became the center of intellectual attention, expanding philosophical study from speculation to fundamental thinking. Amid this context, Immanuel Kant emerged as a key figure who brought a new approach to philosophical inquiry. Although he spent his life in Koningsberg, his ideas in epistemology, anthropology, ethics, and education gained global recognition and made him one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era. However, his views have also drawn criticism, especially for the inconsistencies that are perceived to support dogmatism, although he originally intended to criticize it. This research analyzes Kant's thought, especially about the limits of human knowledge, metaphysics, and criticism of dogmatism. The method used is qualitative text analysis, which examines Kant's main work, "Critique of Pure Reason," as well as the views of other philosophers. Primary and secondary literature is reviewed to identify inconsistencies in Kant's arguments. The results show that although Kant's philosophical system has made an outstanding contribution, there are significant areas for improvement in the handling of metaphysical concepts and the limits of knowledge, which ultimately has the potential to fall into dogmatism. This study concludes that Kant's thought remains relevant and essential, but it needs to be reread critically to fully understand its impact on modern philosophy.

A Comparative Study between Chang'an School of Flower-and-Bird Paintings and Western Still Life Paintings

This comparative study examines the stylistic, thematic, and cultural differences between the Chinese Chang'an School of Flower-and-Bird Paintings and Western Still Life Paintings. The analysis of differences in the visual approaches, philosophical underpinnings, and symbolic elements innate in each of the traditions elaborates how these two art forms reflect their cultural contexts. The Chang'an School, strongly attached to Confucian and Taoist thoughts, draws more attention in its balanced, harmonious relation with nature, while Western still life mainly focuses on realism, materiality, and transience in most works of the Renaissance and Baroque. This analysis follows theoretical frameworks such as the Iconology of Panofsky, the Cultural Ecology of Steward, and the Aesthetics of Ye Lang for insight into the cultural and historical philosophical influences on such artistic practices to explore how visual symbolism has communicated cultural values in both traditions through case studies of representative works by Shi Lu, Jiang Wenzhan, Claude Monet, and Henri Fantin-Latour.

Die Stellenbosche Heyns: Nagedink oor die vroeë, middel en latere jare van ’n akademiese loopbaan

This contribution is structured in the genre of an academic letter to a deceased colleague, in this case Prof. Johan Adam Heyns (1928–1994). He was appointed for a short period from 1966 to 1970 as a senior lecturer at the Faculty of Theology at Stellenbosch University. This contribution offers a reappraisal of this period in the academic career of Prof. Heyns. His main focus at the time, in line with his teaching duties, was on apologetics and, to some extent, also ethics. The author engages with Prof. Heyns’s views at the time and offers a sixfold mirror to position this phase of his career, namely in terms of the tensions between orthodoxy and modernity, between the philosophical influence of Henk Stoker and the theological influence of Herman Bavinck, and between the implementation of apartheid and the struggle against that. This mirror is held up in order to reflect on the early, middle and later stages of any academic career including that of the author, to contrast the radiance and risk of youthful academic rigour and the wisdom but also the rigidity that may come with mature age.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The research done, is not of an interdisciplinary nature. This article contributes to a growing corpus of literature assessing the legacy of Prof. Johan Adam Heyns.

Appraising the philosophical influences on modern public administration research

As an interdisciplinary field, public administration (PA) has evolved by borrowing and integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines, including philosophy. Consequently, the means by which these disciplines’ influence diffuses to PA may significantly influence PA research quality and direction. This study is a first step to quantitatively appraise the effect of philosophy on PA research alongside other disciplines. Using a dataset of 58,333 PA journal articles, their 2,224,146 references, and 563,237 philosophy articles extracted from the Web of Science database, this study explores the evolution of knowledge sources, temporal-geographical distribution, and thematic topics of PA journal articles under direct philosophical influences. Empirical evidence reveals that citing philosophy in PA research continues to grow, despite continuing to make up a lesser share of citations than political science, economics, management and law. Articles published in top PA journals tend to cite the most impactful philosophical journals. There is no significant difference in authorship structures between PA journal articles citing or not citing philosophy articles, but those that do have greater research impacts and demonstrate different topical preferences.

Whitehead and Victorian Philosophy of Science: A Historical Investigation of the Concept of Hypothesis

Abstract In the Harvard lectures of 1924–1925, Alfred North Whitehead proposed that our various intellectual activities amounted to an attempt to understand the world and our experiences through hypothesizing. He explained the importance of hypothesis in scientific research and extended the idea of hypothesis to the philosophical method called “speculative philosophy.” For Whitehead, philosophy was the attempt to formulate general hypotheses that can transcend disciplines. This paper is intended to explore the possible influence of Victorian philosophers on Whitehead. Victorian philosophers such as John Herschel, William Whewell, and John Stuart Mill discussed the role of hypothesis in scientific discovery. Was Whitehead aware of this tradition? Was he influenced by it? This article indicates that Whitehead at least indirectly inherited the Victorian idea of hypothesis, notably in the thought of Whewell, as mediated by Charles Darwin.

Gen Z’s Language Identity and Contemporary Philosophies in the Digital Era

This phenomenological study delved into the lived experiences of Filipino Generation Z (Gen Z) regarding their language identity in the digital age. The study tries to understand how Filipino Gen Z navigates and develops their linguistic identity in the context of modern ideas and the usage of the Filipino language, given the increasing influence of global media and the rapid growth of communication technologies. Using in-depth interviews with 15 purposively selected participants, the themes provide vital insights into how Filipino Gen Z negotiates their cultural and linguistic identity as global interconnection and technological innovations change communication landscapes. Themes included the influence of social media on language preferences, the role of education in shaping linguistic identity, the impact of global media, and participants’ reflections on the intersection between contemporary philosophies and their linguistic choices. The findings help better comprehend the complex interplay between emerging communication paradigms, contemporary philosophical influences, and the preservation of language legacy in the dynamic setting of the digital era.

ORIENTAL MOTIVES IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN LITERATURE: IDENTITY AND IDEOLOGY

The work is devoted to the study of the correlation between the motives, images, symbols, stereotypes and clichés existing in modern Ukrainian literature, which outline the Eastern philosophical tradition, and the formation and transformation of identity at different levels and types. The consideration is carried out in the context of the emergence of the latest Ukrainian myth as a basis for national ideology. The purpose of the research is to outline the paradoxical nature of the general reception and individual explications of oriental motifs in modern Ukrainian literature on the occasion of those segments that can be defined through the predications of genre or mass. The article outlines the peculiarities of the reflection of oriental motifs in modern Ukrainian literature related to the dominance of the aesthetic and philosophical influences of the paradigm of postmodernism in the national tradition during the last decades. It also notes the connection between the reception of oriental motifs in Ukrainian modern literature and the politicization of modern public discourse on the occasion of the meaning-making East-West dichotomy. Political and ideological contexts of literary discourse and speech practices acquire signs of ambivalence and function as symbolic constructions. The dual nature of the reception of the image and philosophy of the East in the Ukrainian literary tradition and mass consciousness of both the metaphysical East and the geopolitical East has been clarified. The direction of transformation of oriental motives and images in the mass consciousness and literary usus in the context of finding the identity of different types and levels of generality in Ukrainian society and culture is also recorded. The liminal type of culture correlates with a divided society, and as a result the rational-educational interpretation of the image of the East as the antithesis of the West interacts with the postmodern fusion and mutual determination of East and West.

The demarcation problem in the applied sciences

The demarcation problem in the applied sciences refers to the challenge of discerning between progressive, stagnant, and improper model development programs. We examine the demarcation problem from the perspectives of two influential philosophers of science, Imre Lakatos and Thomas Kuhn, using the evolutionary development of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) for illustration. We propose objective criteria.

Opportunities and hindrances for promoting interdisciplinary learning in schools

ABSTRACT Background Influential philosophers have suggested that interdisciplinarity is crucial for ecosystem management and scientific practice, and for education to democracy. However, a historical review of the rise of disciplines points at their compartmentalization in schools. An analysis of core construct categories of three disciplines, shows that this compartmentalization may decrease when dialogic argumentation is enacted. This background led us to launch an interdisciplinary program in schools. In previous publications, we identified multiple constraints in its implementation and listed design principles for affording interdisciplinary dialogic argumentation. Method We adopt a narrative approach to analyze classroom talk, and ask whether and how interdisciplinary processes emerge in this talk. Findings Students maintain dialogic argumentation around Interdisciplinary Social Dilemmas, but guidance is necessary for integrating knowledge from different disciplines. When the teacher is attentive to student’s unarticulated references to disciplinary ideas, she may subtly guide the emergence of interdisciplinary dialogic argumentation. Often, the teacher misses those opportunities and declaims the integration of knowledge in a non-dialogic talk. Contribution Dialogic Education is crucial for the success of interdisciplinary programs in schools, but the actual emergence of interdisciplinary processes depends on the handling of organizational and institutional constraints, on huge design efforts, and on subtle guidance.

Historical Analysis of Interactive Gamification Research: A Literature Review with Kuhn and Lakatos’ Approaches

This literature review provides an analysis of the historical development and theoretical frameworks put forth by notable philosophers such as Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos in the field of interactive gamification research. By examining the contributions and perspectives of these influential figures, the authors aimed to enhance our understanding of the evolution of gamification as a research area. This review serves as a valuable resource for individuals interested in delving deeper into the concept of gamification in interactive research. Furthermore, it offers a collection of references that can be explored in the initial stages of gamification research. By studying the works of influential philosophers such as Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos, researchers can gain valuable insights into the evolution of gamification research and its theoretical underpinnings.. Kuhn's concept of paradigm shifts and Lakatos's ideas on research programs provide researchers with a framework to understand the progression of ideas and theories within the field.

স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের শিক্ষাদর্শনে নারীমুক্তি এবং প্রান্তিক জনগোষ্ঠী

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) was an influential philosopher, educator, and social thinker. He worked for women’s freedom and equality along with education. He said that education is not just about gathering information but making people aware of their own dignity and responsibility. The aim of education is the perfection of our life which is the matter of our hearts. His educational thought deserves special praise. Because his contribution to education was immense. His educational thought was developed based on his philosophy of life, awakened conscience, and social meditation concepts. According to him, true education is the development of the fullness of man’s inner being. In his philosophy of education, he gave his own views on women’s education and the education of marginalized groups. According to Swamiji if women can be empowered through education, they will be able to solve their own problems. It can be said that the development of a nation depends on educating its people. It includes the progress of women. Because men and women are like two wings of a bird. Regarding the education of the marginalized people, he said that if the poor people cannot be reached by education, then the education should reach the poor. He further said that the spread of public education is the root of all progress. He mentioned the mother tongue as the best medium of mass education. This paper analyzes Vivekananda's views on women's education and the education of marginalized communities.

VISUALIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION AND INFLUENCE IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD

While the process of influence between various cultural andhistorical traditions in philosophy has been taking placefor thousands of years, this inter-cultural interaction isoccurring at a more accelerated pace in the information age.While philosophers throughout history have used visualrepresentations to understand philosophical influence andhistorical origins and the distribution of philosophical ideasand sub-disciplines, this paper stresses the importance ofphilosophical visualizations to represent the global interactivityof philosophy. It provides various visualizations torepresent global philosophical interaction, the penetration ofWestern philosophical ideas into non-Western philosophicaltraditions, and the appropriation of non-Western traditionsby Western philosophers. Such visualizations are importantin the contemporary age to promote regional philosophies,to understand philosophical influence and to understand thepromotion of a kind of pluralism which remains engagedwith the global world.

Anton Günther’s critique of pantheism as introduction to his philosophy of revelation

ABSTRACT The ingenious thought of Anton Günther (1783–1863) is rarely mentioned in the annals of nineteenth-century philosophy. However, in the eyes of his contemporaries, Günther belonged to the key thinkers of his age on par with Kant, Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling. Günther was an original writer yet he left many of his insights undeveloped or ambiguously formulated. As a flamboyant and popular debater, he attacked the most influential philosophers of his time. His attacks were aimed especially at what he termed the unavoidable pantheism of these thinkers, a pantheism Günther often identified with monism. Monism, semi-monism, pantheism, and semi-pantheism are recurring charges of Günther against many influential thinkers, including even Descartes, whose thought Günther considered otherwise epoch-making. Based on a reformed Cartesianism, Günther elaborated his antidote he termed dualism. Yet Güntherian dualism turns out to be a synthesis properly termed organicism. On such a basis, Günther carried out a heroic attempt to transcend the horizon of traditional views and open the vista of an I-centered philosophy built on the universal notion of revelation. By re-reading this Bohemia-born thinker, one can have a better understanding of the scope and influence of what we term Austrian Philosophy.

Historical Origins of Raz’s Legal Philosophy

Joseph Raz (1939–2022) was one of the most influential philosophers of law of the last half century. But the reception of his legal philosophy was shaped by relatively nar- row debates about the nature of authority and the commitments of Hartian legal posi- tivism. A more comprehensive assessment of his achievements begins by considering the complex historical origins of his legal philosophy. I consider three distinct historical strands relevant to understanding many of the central features and the general frame- work of his philosophy of law: developments in moral, political, and legal philosophy regarding the concept of a reason for action, of the nature of political authority, and the systemic character of positive law, respectively, in the mid-twentieth century. Raz’s legal philosophy can profitably be viewed as a novel convergence and synthesis of these many developments and influences, as an ambitious attempt to develop a systemic the- ory of positive law in terms of the concept of authority which is in turn explained from the perspective of practical reason.

Stiegler, Philosopher

Bernard Stiegler’s prolific career consisted both in philosophical reflection and concrete political interventions. In this article, Stiegler’s project in Technics and Time is re-evaluated with an eye towards its philosophical specificity and radicality. Technics and Time, read in this way, is shown to be a genuine rival to Heidegger’s fundamental ontology from Being and Time. By making use of André Leroi-Gourhan’s paleoanthropological reflections among other forms of non-philosophical knowledge, Stiegler is able to grasp the fundamental importance of technics in an unprecedented way, in turn pushing his thinking beyond other important philosophical influences such as Bergson, Simondon, and Derrida. Stiegler’s distinctive attention to technics is thus shown to be an essential factor in his prescient political diagnostics.

Mortimer Taube e seu legado: entre produção técnica e científica

Abstract This article deals with the life and work of Mortimer Taube, an American philosopher and librarian who contributed to the organization and representation of information and knowledge, and to the retrieval of information. Even if Taube does not identify yourself as a librarian, philosopher, documentalist or information scientist, your technical and scientific production brings him closer to the notion of Information that is currently studied by Information Science, Therefore, this article aims to study his work from this perspective. This is because Taube was the creator of the Uniterm System, a pioneer in post-coordinated indexing. He was the founder of Documentation Incorporated, a company that provided information services to renowned institutions such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the United States Air Force. It was a qualitative, exploratory, bibliography and documentation study, without chronological limit, and the sources used were: Association for Information Science and Technology; Columbia University; Duke University; Library of Congress; Journal Storage; NASA’s Library; University of Chicago Press Journal, and Library Quarterly. Were analyzed 52 documents, the oldest publication dates from 1936 and, the most current, from 1965. It is concluded that Taube’s legacy was the contribution in the area of indexing and information retrieval, as well as his critical position on librarianship and information science. In general, the philosophical influence of Taube’s education was reflected in his bibliographic production, spread among the formulation of concepts, theoretical foundations, and perspectives disseminated by the author.

ADAM BEDE – OVERCOMING EGOISM THROUGH SUFFERING

George Eliot wrote under the influence of continental philosophers, especially Ludwig Feuerbach and Auguste Comte. Both philosophers claim that the crucial problem of the individual is egoism, which can be transcended by means of sympathy and contact with others. According to Feuerbach and Comte, loyalty to family and community is the best way to transform initial egoism into altruism. This research is aimed at dealing with the issue of egoism in Eliot’s first novel, Adam Bede. The three main characters are analysed through the prism of the ethical concept of Feuerbach and Comte. The paper argues that at the beginning of the novel Adam Bede, Arthur Donnithorne and Hetty Sorrel symbolise different aspects of egoism. Adam and Arthur succeed to transcend their egoism through deep suffering, which is viewed as an instrument of moral development. Although critics often cite Hetty Sorrel as a typical representative of unredeemed egoism, this paper argues that she matures through suffering. The beginning of her transformation is marked by the confession of her crimes, which is the initial stage of redemption. However, with the exception of a few characters, the society of Hayslope treats her as an outcast, unable to even attempt to understand and forgive her. Still, although the importance of suffering and attachment to family are underlined in Adam Bede, the novel implies that altruism should not be equated with self-sacrifice. The protagonists, Dinah and Adam succeed in attaining personal fulfillment that is not inconsistent with the common good, that is, a certain reconciliation of egoism and altruism is accomplished.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АЛЬ-ФАРАБИ НА КЫРГЫЗСКУЮ ФИЛОСОФИЮ

This article reveals the activities of the great scientist-philosopher of the Middle Ages Al-Farabi and his influence on Kyrgyz philosophy. Al-Farabi was one of the most influential philosophers of the East in the 9th-10th centuries, made a significant contribution to the development of philosophical thought in Kyrgyzstan and other countries of Central Asia. In his works, Al-Farabi studied traditional philosophy, as well as scientific and mathematical sciences. His ideas and methods influenced the formation of Kyrgyz philosophical thought, which was reflected in many aspects of the culture and art of the people. It should be noted that in the 9th century Kyrgyzstan was part of the Turkic Khaganate and at that time there had not yet developed its own philosophical tradition. However, subsequently, Kyrgyz thinkers, within the framework of their culture and traditions, developed various philosophical directions, including Islamic philosophy, which was represented by the ideas of Al-Farabi.

ARETOLOGICAL ETHICS IN STRATEGIES OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Framing the problem in this aspect involves referring to the works of Elizabeth Anscombe, Alasdair MacIntyre, Philippa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, Roger Crisp, and Edith Hall. The issue of academic integrity has been addressed in the research of V. Romakin, T. Finikova, A. Artyukhov, M. Grynyova, L. Ryzhak, O. Tsokur, Y. Kalinovsky, V. Khmarsky and others. The research objective. Unveiling the creative potential of aretological ethics and its applicability in crafting a strategy of integrity and its effective implementation in the academic, cultural, and socio-political realms of contemporary Ukraine. The statement of basic materials. Changes in moral philosophy from Aristotle to the present day are shaped by diverse historical, cultural, and philosophical influences. In the mid-20th century, normative ethics was dominated by two theories: deontology, inspired by the 18th-century philosopher Immanuel Kant, and utilitarianism, rooted in the philosophies of Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill. Elizabeth Anscombe, in her work “Modern Moral Philosophy” (1958), highlighted a legalistic shift in ethics, suggesting a departure from viewing virtues as mere duties or obligations, advocating a return to Aristotle's approach where virtues are seen as key qualities of character aimed at human flourishing. Anscombe's work sparked a revival of virtue ethics. Philosophers like Philippa Foot, Rosalind Hursthouse, Edith Hall, and others contributed to the rehabilitation and development of virtue ethics, emphasizing Aristotle's moral philosophy. These philosophers seek not only to revive but also to adapt Aristotle's teachings on virtue to the demands of modern society, addressing contemporary challenges. Their contributions have significantly influenced the development of normative ethics, expanding discussions and examining aspects of virtue in the context of contemporary moral theories.