Philosophical Contradictions Research Articles

Examination of the Interaction Process between Architecture Students and Supervisors in the Thesis Studio

This paper aims to criticize the current supervision process in the undergraduate thesis project in the architecture program to reveal philosophical contradiction exists in the schools of thought. The architecture programs have adopted an apprenticeship style of education as a tradition that is called learning by doing even in the thesis projects. However, new schools of education and thought are looking for more students’ freedom and flexibility. A qualitative method with focus group workshops and group reporting techniques was applied in the research to discover the opinions of the thesis students about the supervisors and their own works and progress. Data was extracted from the reports of the students. The findings reveal that the students received guidance for the design process and outputs. However, they faced problems in keeping ownership of the thesis project idea, communication, interaction, and motivation with the supervisors. The power of the supervisors over the students resulted in changing the projects, crits, and outputs in the absence of clear guidelines in more personal manners. In conclusion, thesis projects include complicated processes that need clear guidelines and training for supervisors, even undergraduate theses in architecture departments. Despite the apprenticeship tradition in architecture education, new findings in education recommended a knowledge-based orientation for the supervision process.

Serious Jokes: Friedrich Schlegel and the Philosophical Use of Irony

Abstract Though irony is a category familiar to rhetoric and literature, its philosophical forms are far less explored, and this is especially true with regards to its articulation in the work of Friedrich Schlegel. Schlegel’s engagement with irony is essential to the Romantic philosophical project, one that is fundamentally concerned with contradiction and posits itself as a challenge to and continuation of idealism. Through exploring his relation to the philosophies of Kant and Fichte, this essay demonstrates that Schlegel can deploy irony as a method of taking up the philosophical paradigm of idealism without limiting himself to their systems. He can use Kant and Fichte against themselves, making sincere philosophical arguments through a brazen playfulness. Further, Schlegel’s concept of irony is shown to be a philosophical faculty that is concerned with the limits of philosophy in language. Irony is much more than a rhetorical device – it is a form that allows Schlegel to approach the limits of discursivity from within and so continually stage instances of philosophical contradiction, undermining systematicity. This centering of contradiction is one of Schlegel’s major contributions to the development of German philosophy, critical of those who precede him and spurning their presuppositions of univocal logic. The outworking of Schlegel’s philosophical concern with irony is unmistakably humorous, full of puns, jokes and witticisms, which nevertheless need to be taken seriously. This paper contends that irony is at the crux of Schlegel’s philosophical project, simultaneously the content and mode of his criticism, the source and justification of his humour, and one of Romanticism’s most significant conceptual developments.

When Hermann Cohen Cried: Zionism, Culture, and Emotion

Abstract: In this article, I examine a curious chapter in the history of modern Jewish culture: the 1914 Berlin meeting of Zionist musician Avraham Zvi Idelsohn with the philosopher Hermann Cohen. A shared belief in the redemptive power of aesthetics and the unique character of Jewish music briefly drew the two men together. Each saw in sound an unparalleled means by which to recalibrate Jewish difference in relation to Western civilization. Each identified music as the key to large-scale cultural and emotional Jewish renewal in the face of European modernity. Yet their ensuing argument revealed not only the political fissures in European Jewry but also the deeper philosophical contradictions within each man's respective theories and, more broadly, the unstable relationship between aesthetics and affect in modern Jewish culture.

When Hermann Cohen Cried: Zionism, Culture, and Emotion

Abstract: In this article, I examine a curious chapter in the history of modern Jewish culture: the 1914 Berlin meeting of Zionist musician Avraham Zvi Idelsohn with the philosopher Hermann Cohen. A shared belief in the redemptive power of aesthetics and the unique character of Jewish music briefly drew the two men together. Each saw in sound an unparalleled means by which to recalibrate Jewish difference in relation to Western civilization. Each identified music as the key to large-scale cultural and emotional Jewish renewal in the face of European modernity. Yet their ensuing argument revealed not only the political fissures in European Jewry but also the deeper philosophical contradictions within each man's respective theories and, more broadly, the unstable relationship between aesthetics and affect in modern Jewish culture.

On the Phenomenon of Play in Education - School as Play?

In contemporary pedagogy, understood as a social science, the term ‘play’ is used relatively extensively. It is interpreted as a targeted pedagogical or didactic tool. An alternative and inspiring view of the phenomenon of game in terms of philosophical psychology or phenomenological philosophy can be found in authors with a Christian background. This article wants to point out the argumentative and philosophical contradictions of these currents regarding the understanding of play – especially with regard to the increase in personal knowledge, emotional balance, socialisation, or the influence on the cultivation of self-reflection of one’s own existence based on the experience of play.

On the Concept of Philosophical Contradiction

On the Concept of Philosophical Contradiction

Constitution of police sciences in the Slovak Republic

Constitution of police sciences in the Slovak Republic

Beyond Analogues and Analytics: Afrofuturism and the Recovery of Frank Wilderson’s Grammar of Black Suffering

ABSTRACT This article argues that Frank Wilderson's Afropessimism as a analytic contains philosophical contradictions that can be resolved through currents in Afrofuturism. The article argues Wilderson's use of Orlando Patterson's concept of social death results in a performative contradiction as its claims deny the very possibility of their justification. The result is the inability to substantiate that Blackness as coterminous with Slaveness. The article then argues that Wilderson's Afropessimism is better understood as a mythology rather than an analytic. Interpreted as myth, Afropessimism can articulate the grammar of Black suffering through a religious consciousness rather than scientistic or philosophical reason. Afrofuturism serves as a resource in this task by creating images of the past and present simultaneously within consciousness. The claim is evidenced through engaging Amiri Baraka's The Slave and Octavia Butler's Kindred.

How Do We Do This? Distance Learning in Physical Education — Part 2

Distance learning is something many physical educators never thought they would have to do, given the practical and philosophical contradictions inherent in teaching and learning movement-based content through a computer. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced most physical education teachers to transition to distance learning modalities. Questions abound regarding the maintenance of quality physical education within the generally unfamiliar online teaching and learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this three-part series of articles is to address common questions from teachers and students about providing engaging, meaningful online physical education during the pandemic and beyond. The first article focuses on questions related to meeting the needs of low-income students, strategies for at-home equipment, teaching online elementary physical education, engaging parents, and online relationship building. This article answers questions about determining student workload, developing content beyond personal fitness, designing engaging synchronous and asynchronous lessons, assessing meaningfully online, and accommodating learning for all students. Finally, the third article provides discussion about the broader impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning in physical education and offers strategies for transitioning back to face-to-face learning. The ideas and strategies provided throughout this series are meant to be general guidelines for physical education teachers to consider and adjust to fit their own unique community contexts.

Philosophical Thinking on the Application of ISO9000 Quality Management System

<p>This paper <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">learned</span> the application of ISO9000 quality management system in China and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">made </span>the philosophical reflection in the research of philosophy of quality management system, to explore the quality management system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">that have</span> promote and inhibit <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">functions</span> from the perspective of philosophical contradiction for the food industry, emphasized the practical <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">significance</span> in the food industry, finally in the quality management system under the perspective of the dialectical unification of truth and value the development of food industry are analyzed.</p>

ИСТОРИЯ О КАЙСЕ И ЛЮБНЕ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОМ АРАБСКОМ ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ

Medieval Arabic literature is rich in love stories about Bedouin poets who lived in pre-Islamic and Islamic times. By the end of the 9 century AD, these tales have formed an independent genre that followed certain aesthetic principles and norms. One of these stories — the romance of Qays ibn Ḏarīḥ and his beloved Lubnā — is unique, for it has a number of unusual features, including two versions of an ending — tragic and happy. This article attempts to trace the process of the story formation to clarify the reason for the existence of two ending versions and discuss its other peculiarities. The study has revealed that the romance of Qays and Lubnā has a pre-Islamic prototype — the tale of ‘Abdallāh Ibn al-‘Ağlān and Hind. Traces of this version survived in the romance of Qays and Lubnā, which is rooted in the oral tradition: it combines the elements of the old primitive unhappy lovers canon (a marriage, then a divorce under family pressure, separation, suffering and death) and the new model — the ‘Udrī love story that appeared after the rise of Islam as a reaction to new aesthetic values that cultivated chaste love. As the political disagreements emerged in Islam and the role of Šī‘a Islam increased, a number of new details and a happy end were added to the story (very likely in 8 century AD), reflecting the philosophical contradictions between Sunnī and Šī‘a Islam. These points have determined the uniqueness of the story about Qays ibn Ḏarīḥ and Lubnā among other ‘Udrī love stories.

Mapping the Terrain of Isolation in Seamus Heaney’s “Act of Union”

ABSTRACT To explore the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and environmental degradation, this essay reads Seamus Heaney’s “Act of Union” both inter- and intratextually, emphasising connections between the philosophical contradictions driving anthropogenic climate change, the history of English colonialism in Ireland, and the repudiation of the feminine Other in Heaney’s poetics of masculinity. This essay demonstrates that Heaney’s depiction of masculinity doubles as a soft indictment of the damaging effects of radical individualism, but by reading “Act of Union” in the context of its avant-textes and three of the poems that surround it in North (1975), this essay notes that Heaney’s deep ambivalence towards masculine hegemony is finally resolved through disingenuous rhetorical means. Nevertheless, Heaney’s poetics imply a causal relationship between rape culture and environmental degradation, and in response this essay suggests critics treat Heaney’s failed critique of masculine dominance as a step towards the enunciation of a reformed “ecomasculinity.”

Validating the New Paradigm for Extinction: Overcoming 200 Years of Historical Neglect, Philosophical Misconception, and Inadequate Language

The first “complete” paradigm of extinction was proposed as “the multigenerational, attritional loss of reproductive fitness,” for which MALF is a suitable acronym. A “complete” paradigm must encompass cause, effect, and a mechanism. The primary goal of this study is to verify the new paradigm. We cite four independent tests of the paradigm employing observational, experimental, and wholly theoretical techniques, utilizing phyletically diverse organisms from disparate parts of the Earth. All of these analyses confirmed the new paradigm. This new paradigm was originally derived from studies of MALF on six species of higher plants. We now report seven additional, worldwide examples from the earlier literature of higher plants (and a small mammal) that support the new paradigm. We also note the stark deficiencies in comparing “mass” and “background” extinctions and the unique case of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. To provide context for the new paradigm, we explore the long history of linguistic and philosophical contradiction or misconception that prevented the construction of a complete extinction paradigm for approximately 200 years. We also discuss the inadequacy of “incomplete” paradigms based largely on “cause-alone” explanations. We then consider logical inconsistencies and difficulties inherent in the usage of the term “extinction” itself and propose a new term for extinction. We then discuss cases of relict species that are the last survivors of their lineage and are essentially “functionally” extinct, thus making them excellent subjects for the study of MALF. Anthropogenic extinctions are exceptionally rapid when compared to typical MALF extinctions. For extinctions occurring at least within the life span of a species we suggest the term “quasi-catastrophic.”

“Living a Philosophical Contradiction?”: Progressive Education in the Archdiocese of Vancouver's Catholic Schools, 1936–1960

Progressive education swept across Canada in the early to mid-twentieth century, restructuring schools, introducing new courses, and urging teachers to reorient the classroom to the interests and needs of the learner. The women religious who taught in Vancouver's Catholic schools negotiated the revised public school curriculum, determined to utilize the latest methods and meet public school standards in hopes of receiving government funding. But they were equally adamant about preserving Catholic beliefs regarding human life and resisting “false” philosophy. Despite their caution, progressive education began to transform Catholic pedagogy in this period, most notably in religious education. Looking back over the decades, Catholic educators in the early 1960s would observe that progressive education had brought about a shift in schools that emphasized process over content and self-expression over discipline. They found themselves questioning whether the curriculum undermined revealed knowledge by overemphasizing empirical science as the foundation for all knowledge.

Д. Н. ЦЕРТЕЛЕВ ОБ ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ Л. Н. ТОЛСТОГО (К 190-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ ВЕЛИКОГО РУССКОГО ПИСАТЕЛЯ И МЫСЛИТЕЛЯ)

The article analyzes the problem of correlation between ethical and aesthetic ideals in a work of art. This problem is examined through the historical and philosophical comparison of the Russian thinker Leo Tolstoy’s aesthetic views with the position of his younger contemporary, the religious philosopher-idealist D. N. Certelev. The author comes to the conclusion that D. N. Certelev is contesting Leo Tolstoy’s attempt to base the theory of art on ethical grounds, emphasizing the transcendental nature of the creative act. At the same time, the paper asserts that, despite philosophical contradictions, Leo Tolstoy and D. N. Certelev maintain continuity in the formulation of ethical and aesthetic problems.

LABOUR IN SOCIAL SPACETIME: A PHILOSOPHIC UPDATER FOR MARXISM

ABSTRACT Most scholars' comprehension on labour are ambiguous because of the variety of philosophical contradictions embedded in their plausible theories being not explicitly stated but irrationally taken for granted. We, therefore, inquisitively direct sole attention to social spacetime in which, and by which, labour in totality takes place. And then consider the division of labour in natural spacetime as just the appearance of the alienation of labour in social spacetime by our Marxist renewal of the notion of labour - thus manifesting its benefaction to an essential up-to-date explanation of human being, on which a labourer could struggle to survive as still a human being within social spacetime, to fight against the almighty empire of capitalism in the era of globalisation.

The continuing saga around arts funding and the cultural wars in Australia

Cultural policy, and arts funding in particular, has been a site of much contention and discussion in Australia over the past decade. The events of the past two years took this to another level showing major ideological schisms in the present political approach. While the established arts sector was protected and consolidated, the emerging sector, individual artists, and small organisations were all negatively affected. The policy changes demonstrate the implicit challenges of direct political intervention in arts funding. What this period highlights also though is the vulnerability of artists and the philosophical contradictions around the nature of arts funding.

Black Entrepreneurship: Contradictions, Class, and Capitalism

This article examines philosophical contradictions faced by black business owners who benefited from racial segregation, yet were often active participants in the civil rights movement. The research provides a critical analysis of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, examining and revealing conflicting ideas of class and color during Jim Crow, as well as the contradictions of gender, the company’s program to “uplift” the community, and hierarchies within the company. This case provides a unique perspective for examining black entrepreneurship, its history, and complexity in the African American community.

Occupational Therapy in Oman: The Impact of Cultural Dissonance

Occupational therapy theory and philosophy are broadly considered to be based on Western cultural values. In contrast, the application of theory and practice in the Sultanate of Oman, historically based on traditional Middle Eastern and Islamic cultural values, provides a case exemplar, which highlights both paradigmatic differences and cultural dissonance. Drawing on the experiences of occupational therapists working in Oman, this study found that the application of therapeutic goals aimed at patient independence and autonomy were difficult to achieve in an environment where family duty and responsibility for care were highly prized. Dressing and cooking assessments were challenging, and issues related to gender proved problematic. Therapists found the need to adapt practice to acknowledge these differences, and to adopt pragmatic problem-solving strategies, without resolving the underpinning philosophical contradictions. Occupational therapy in Oman is under-researched; further work is needed to confirm the cross-cultural validity of specific assessments and practice models.

The Priority of Racial Constituency over Descriptive Representation

Several normative political theorists argue for racially descriptive representation, or for blacks to represent blacks. I contend that if theorists believe that blacks deserve additional measures to improve their substantive political representation, then they should prioritize the creation of racial constituencies independently of whether such constituencies elect black representatives. Prioritizing racial constituency circumvents essentialism within descriptive representation and better reflects the role of electoral authorization and accountability in generating trust between representatives and constituents. As a result, descriptive representation becomes one of several criteria (along with other identity markers, ideological proximity, and general competence and trustworthiness) to be applied by a racial constituency in selecting a preferable representative. Ultimately, prioritizing racial constituency allows normative theorists to affirm, without philosophical contradiction, the existence of black districts that elect nonblack representatives; contain black ideological minorities; exhibit diverse political interests; reflect shifting electoral constituencies; and elect representatives with divergent representational styles.