Philosophical Community Research Articles

Divided Deterrence: The Philosophical Community’s Response to Nuclear Warfare in 1980s

At the beginning of the 20th century, Western feminist thought began to be introduced into China, and under the impetus of the May Fourth Movement, it was widely concerned and accepted by the old Chinese intellectual circle. Mao Dun was the first scholar to translate and spread Western feminist theories during the May Fourth Movement. The potential text of Mao Dun’s novels can be seen in her representative work Midnight. Based on the background of the old Chinese era, this paper takes the typical female characters in Mao Dun’s Midnight as the research object, and uses three methods of text analysis, comparative study and literary criticism to analyze the fate of these classic female characters in Mao Dun’s Midnight and explore the awakening of women and the influence of feminism embodied in them. Then it reflects the awakening of women and the influence of feminism in old China. Moreover, the awakening of women and the influence of feminism had a profound impact on China and the world at that time and even later generations.

On the Human in Human Dignity

Only the incurious and philosophically challenged doubt the significance of dignity as a central issue in human interactions. Human dignity is much debated in religion, law, moral philosophy, anthropology, psychiatry, bioethics, sociology, philosophical anthropology, psychology, communication studies, and elsewhere. It is subject to competing discourses of ontology, epistemology, axiology, and logic. It appears in intercultural and international discussions of rights, autonomy, race, ethnicity, economics, war, and peace. It is contrasted with guilt, shame, and humiliation, both ordinary and extreme. However, the dynamic roots of dignity are usually presupposed or ignored in favor of reductionist typologies and antinomies. Returning us to lived experience and with post-humanist animal studies and the medical model of psychiatry as exemplary cases of reductionism, I interpret H. Plessner’s semiotic phenomenology as a communicative philosophy of the humane in dignity.

Реидеологизация российского общества: основные тезисы философской позиции

Introduction. At the beginning of the XXI century there is a gradual revival of interest in the re-ideologization of the political and cultural space of the country. The purpose of this article is to systematize and analyze philosophical views on the processes of re-ideologization that took place in Russia in the period from 2012 to 2023. Theoretical analysis allowed us to argue that the philosophical community has demonstrated a variety of reactions to the active processes of re-ideologization in Russia supported by the state since 2012. On the one hand, warnings were put forward about the repressive nature of total ideology. On the other hand, philosophers sought ways to participate in the discussion of national issues and determine the future development of the country. Particular attention was paid to concepts of the future such as humanism, culture, and communitarianism. Some philosophers, refusing to discuss ideology, have adopted a position of escapism, seeking freedom in their own being, outside the influence of society or any particular ideology. Conclusion. Transformations of habitual ideas about ideology open new angles for philosophical self-reflection. Discussions about the necessity of “withdrawal” from the discussion of political problems and ideological confrontation cause a “crisis of philosophical identity” and at the same time represent an important epistemological challenge.

Communicative Philosophy of Science: Genesis and Contemporary Trends of Development

The study is dedicated to modelling the contemporary portrayal of the philosophy of science. The essence of its theses is elucidated through the following assertions: a) right from its beginning, a communicative potential was embedded within the philosophy of science; b) its origin arises from a culmination of predecessors’ accomplishments; c) the value of the communicative approach in the philosophy of science lies in its acceptance rather than opposition to the formal direction. The analysis is conducted retrospectively. The emergence of ideas within communicative philosophy of science is noticeable in its relevant relationship with the evolution of theories in logical positivism, rhetoric, pragmatism, linguistics, philosophy of language, and sociology of science. Analytical, synthetic, historical, rhetorical and structural-functional methodologies were used in the investigation. The findings of the study confirmed the hypothesis: communicative philosophy of science represents a historical combination of the field’s achievements, incorporating rhetorical, universalistic and particularistic developmental perspectives.

THE ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

The publication examines the problems of the philosophical foundations of elections, the concept of physicalism, where consciousness-body is studied, which in the philosophy of consciousness has a decisive fact. In modern philosophy of elections, the philosophical aspect is considered - consciousness and the monistic-ontological thesis - physicalism, which allows us to explain the fact that everything that exists is physical or appeared as a derivative of the physical. The concept of physicalism is a position in the philosophy of mind. Consciousness in physicalism exists without an independent ontological status, then it is derivative and connected with the human brain and is also connected with methodological naturalism. The social psychological theory of voter behavior and the theory of rational political choice attempt to explain voting behavior. It can be assumed that such a concept of synthesis of the experience of studying the immature practice of elections and already established theoretical thoughts about them could be a model of behavior of voters and candidates. This could be the dialectic of freedom and necessity of the philosophy of the rational communication model.The philosophy of the rational communication approach considers the following sequential images: a communicative person, a logical person, a rhetorical and dialogical, dialectical person. There are also three levels of development of the electoral process - logical, rhetorical (subject-object) and dialogical (subject-subject). The philosophical approach views rationality as a dynamic system consisting of logical, rhetorical and dialogical levels. In studies of the politics of legal philosophy, the problem of electoral behavior occupies an important place. These studies examine the consciousness and behavior of the electorate, which are important to the electoral process of electoral philosophy.

VALUE-NORMATIVE DIMENSIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

The article is devoted to the study of the ethical and value dimensions of the ecological crisis in the situation caused by war, and to the clarification of the significance of human responsibility for one’s actions in relation to nature. It is shown that the observance of moral and ethical norms and orientation to the values vital to man are a necessary condition for the preservation of human life and nature. The analysis of the tasks set in the article is carried out on the basis of the use of ideas of communicative philosophy and discursive ethics, which allows to form knowledge about the ecologically constructive relations of man with nature, to assess the scale of environmental problems in the conditions of war, and to search for ways to mitigate the consequences of the ecological crisis for man and nature.It is substantiated that the ecological crisis has value and cultural origins, therefore the awareness of the need to adhere to universal human values and the correlation of human actions in relation to nature with the norms of cultural and historical universalism becomes especially relevant. Attention is focused on the fact that in the conditions of war, barbaric expansion into the natural world, soullessness, merciless treatment of the plant and animal world, man and humanity must be guided in their actions by humanistic consciousness and moral principles, determine their actions by understanding responsibility for life. It has been established that modern man’s recognition of the importance of moral and ethical norms and humanistic values is an alternative to a lifestyle built on an unlimited, aggressive, exploitative attitude towards nature. Despite the difference between the types of culture and different cultural systems, the dominance of different value systems, people must equally ensure equal rights and bear joint responsibility for life. The most promising development strategy for humanity in a war situation should be the preservation of human life in unity with nature.

Spinoza’s Place in Twentieth Century Anglo-American Philosophy

This paper began as an address at the 100th anniversary celebration of the Vereniging het Spinozahuis in Amsterdam in 1997. I trace the highlights of Spinoza reception and scholarship in the Anglo-American philosophical community from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century. Beginning with the British Idealists’ enthusiasm for Spinoza as a systematic metaphysician, I move through the indifference of the (anti-metaphysical) positivists to the renewal of interest among more naturalistically-minded analytical philosophers in the second half of the twentieth century. Along the way there are brief discussions of a few individual thinkers who engaged with Spinoza in especially interesting or influential ways, such as Caird, Santayana, Russell, Wolfson, Hampshire, and Curley.

The practical philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the modern ethics of responsibility

The article deals with the practical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, its transformation in the modern ethics of responsibility and the significance of «risks and threats» for modern society. It is emphasized that in Ukraine, in particular, in the H.S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, a powerful historical-philosophical tradition of research in German classical philosophy has developed, the foundation of which is the philosophy of I. Kant. This trend gained a new development after the restoration of Ukraine's independence. Special attention was paid in the investigation to the study of Kant's moral philosophy, its important component – the categorical imperative. It is shown that Kant's practical philosophy became an important driver of the leading trends of modern philosophy in the world, which was manifested in the process of «rehabilitation of practical philosophy», which includes the philosophy of responsibility of H. Jonas, communicative philosophy and ethics of discourse. These trends prompted the search for new formulations of the categorical imperative. The relevance of Kant's practical philosophy is evident especially today, under the conditions of modern technological civilization, the destruction of the normative order in the world, and the crisis of moral guidelines. Kant's concept of the primacy of the practical (moral and ethical) mind over the theoretical, technical and instrumental mind opens up ways to solve the global problems of our time, especially in the conditions of crisis and war. Kant's anniversary coincides with a special period of Ukrainian history: the modernization of Ukrainian society, the restoration of national identity, and orientation towards universal values. This event acquires special significance in view of the Russian aggression against Ukraine. Distorting the enlightment, moral-ethical and universalistic direction of Kant's philosophy, Russian propaganda tries to use it for ideological and propaganda purposes. That is why events dedicated to Kant's anniversary are an important component in the fight against the Russian aggressor.

Anthropological Dimension of Wartime Ecocide: Ecofeminist Methodological Assessments

Purpose. The authors aim to disclose the anthropological dimension of ecocide during and after Russia’s war against Ukraine, relying on the multidisciplinary practices and intellectual production of ecofeminist women thinkers, including philosophers, sociologists, historians, psychologists, and others. The theoretical basis methodological approaches in philosophical anthropology, phenomenology, analytical philosophy, communicative philosophy, existentialism, ethics of justice, and ethics of care determine the study’s theoretical basis. Originality. For the first time, a systematic analysis of the anthropological dimension of ecocide has been carried out based on ecofeminist methodology. The specifics of the Ukrainian resistance to ecocide were revealed as part of a single struggle – an anti-imperial and ecological struggle for independence and prosperity. It is emphasized that during the war, the opposition to ecocide is a component of the fight for national sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, and therefore, the ideas of pacifism in this period are subordinated to this primary goal. After the war, preventing threats of ecocide should become an integral part of the struggle for stable peace and prosperity. Ecofeminist pacifist perspectives should be a priority among the most essential goals for that period. Conclusions. Ecofeminist methodological assessments offer valuable insights into the anthropological dimension of ecocide in wartime and post-war contexts, highlighting the complex interplay between gender, violence, and environmental destruction. By focusing on the experiences and perspectives of women and marginalized communities, ecofeminist analyses contribute to a more holistic understanding of ecocide and its impacts on both human populations and ecosystems.

Probability And Bayesian Inference In Human Communication

This paper challenges the applicability of traditional information theory's frequentist approach to human communication, arguing that it fails to capture the unique, singular nature of communicative acts. Traditional theory, based on long-term observation and relative frequencies, overlooks the complexity and context-dependency inherent in human interactions. The objective is to redefine communication understanding through a Bayesian model that emphasises subjective probability and the critical role of beliefs and intentions. Utilising a rationalist methodology, the research conducts a qualitative analysis of theoretical concepts and prior research, proposing a new model that situates probability within the philosophy of communication. This model highlights the subjective beliefs and intentions that govern communication, challenging existing paradigms and contributing to a deeper understanding of communicative dynamics. The results reveal the limitations of the frequentist approach and demonstrate the applicability of a Bayesian perspective, advocating for a paradigm shift in communication theory towards a sender-oriented model. This shift not only challenges existing paradigms but also offers a more nuanced understanding of communication as a fundamentally human endeavour.

Rationalising the Digital Public Sphere

This paper explores the suitability of Jürgen Habermas' concepts about the rationality of communicative actions in relation to the Internet and social media. The paper investigates the contemporary digital realm, analysing whether it functions as an expansion of the public sphere classic conceptualised by Habermas, with the aim of improving the level of rational communication. To accomplish this, the paper analyses the characteristics of the digital era, exploring Habermas's stance on social media and contemporary media. The paper analyses Habermas's concepts about the rationality of communication and supports the arguments with relevant literature to investigate the impact of current communication tools, including the Internet and its applications, on enhancing the quality of rational discourse. In order to accomplish this, it is important to thoroughly examine the key subjects pertaining to Habermas's philosophy of communication and assess its relevance to the modern virtual public sphere.

Animals, Ethics, and Language: The Philosophy of Meaningful Communication in the Lives of Animals

Animals, Ethics, and Language: The Philosophy of Meaningful Communication in the Lives of Animals

The Development and Challenges of Digital Government in the Intelligent Era

With the advent of the intelligent era, there is a need to leverage the empowering effects of data and construct a digital government governance system. Currently, driven by a reform mindset, innovative concepts, robust resource integration and implementation capabilities, as well as complementary technological advancements and innovative practices, the digital government exhibits governance characteristics of infrastructure cloudification, full-touchpoint digitization, online business processes, and data-driven operations. Its transformation logic reflects the interactive philosophy of flat communication, collaborative sharing of government data, optimization of precise service delivery, and the effective output of scientific decision-making. Despite its powerful governance effectiveness, digital government governance still faces challenges such as slow response to departmental needs, data silos, poor service collaboration, and weak business consistency. A comprehensive deepening of government digital transformation in the future requires innovative concepts, transitioning from information dissemination to intelligent applications, data innovation transitioning from data silos to data circulation and sharing, service innovation transitioning from function-driven to demand-driven by society, and decision-making innovation transitioning from unilateral decisions to collaborative, participatory, and shared decision-making. This will ultimately enhance the governance effectiveness of digital government.

The Role of Philosophy in the System of University Social and Humanitarian Education in Current Socio-Political Conditions

The present-day Russian system of university social and humanitarian education was formed against the background of the collapse of the USSR. The ideologized system of Marxist-Leninist disciplines was replaced by a Western-oriented liberal system in which philosophy began to play the role of a translator of Western philosophical ideas and values. For more than thirty years, the liberal Russian state refused to control the activities of the professional philosophical community and the content of philosophical knowledge disseminated in universities. With the beginning of the special military operation, the situation began to change, and the state, through presidential decrees, set before the professional community the task of protecting the traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society. This task is directly related to the task of decolonizing public consciousness and returning to the grandiose philosophical experience accumulated by Russian culture.

Philosophical practice and its development in China: opportunities and challenges

This paper examines the application and evolution of philosophical practice in China, which employs philosophical principles and methods to facilitate insights and address life’s complexities. We aim to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the trajectory and contemporary landscape of China’s philosophical practice and its impact on individual and societal flourishing. Guided by the research question, “How has philosophical practice evolved in China, and what are its challenges and future prospects?” this study adopts a qualitative research methodology, including a literature review, historical analysis, and case studies from Chinese philosophical communities. Findings indicate a burgeoning growth of philosophical practice in China, with traditional Chinese philosophies being adapted to provide practical guidance for contemporary issues. The spread of philosophical practice communities across China reflects a growing embrace of these practices. This paper outlines the hurdles and prospects for philosophical practice, pinpointing opportunities for further research and cross-cultural engagement. The insights furnished by this study offer a framework for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to enhance philosophical practice’s role in personal growth and societal well-being, both within China and internationally.

Filsafat Komunikasi, Sistematika Berfikir dan Fenomena Komunikasi

This article employs a literature review research method to comprehend and explore theories from various sources related to the research. The literature review is conducted through four stages, namely preparing the necessary tools, compiling a working bibliography, organizing time and readings, and recording research materials. In data collection, a search and collection method is utilized, sourcing information from various outlets such as books, journals, and previous research. Literature is critically analyzed to support recommendations and ideas. The results and discussion highlight the philosophy of communication, ontology, epistemology, axiology, and logic within the context of communication science. Focusing on the philosophy of science, ontology describes the nature of communication, epistemology discusses ways of acquiring knowledge, axiology examines the benefits of scientific knowledge and ethical values, while logic emphasizes principles of correct thinking and reasoning. The article also discusses communication phenomena, self-concept, and the functions of human communication, relating them to the evolving paradigms and theories in the realm of knowledge.

Публицистика А.И. Солженицына как средство культурфилософской коммуникации

Journalism is traditionally considered as one of the means of effective communication. At the same time, writers often use a journalistic word to broadcast their ideological position regarding socio-cultural phenomena, respectively expressing original judgments of a cultural-philosophical nature. Among such authors is undoubtedly the outstanding Russian writer, thinker, historian, researcher of cultural and philosophical aspects of Russian history, public figure Alexander Solzhenitsyn (11.12.1918–03.08.2009), whose 105 th birthday is celebrated this year. The purpose of this article is to consider what cultural philosophical ideas this writer communicated to contemporaries and future generations in his journalistic works. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and interdisciplinary methods, as well as cultural analysis and cultural and philosophical tradition. According to the results of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that A. I. Solzhenitsyn actively used his journalistic works for cultural and philosophical communication with readers, which was expressed in philosophical and cultural reflection on such phenomena as, for example, freedom, nation, truth and lies, morality, morality, spirituality.

Графічний дизайн в контексті культури смаків: освітньо-виховний потенціал

The article examines the place of graphic design in modern post-industrial society, extending beyond purely applied art and aspiring to play the role of an expert in the interiors of human existence, determining the social and cultural status of an individual. It is argued that graphic design, organically integrating into contexts and actively responding to the challenges of such a social-decorative phenomenon as fashion, plays a significant role in shaping taste culture. This attests to the multiplicity of ambivalent cultural manifestations of graphic design. Special attention is given to identifying the functional potential of graphic design in creating cross-cutting trends that, through non-verbal means of communication, can form and maintain social and cultural unity. In connection with this, an analysis of graphic design is carried out through the prism of philosophical communication, allowing the identification of graphic design as the most effective practice of nonverbal communication and information visualization in post-industrial society. It is determined that graphic design is capable not only of generating new meanings but also of creating communicative gaps. Given this specificity, the article particularly focuses on identifying the educational and upbringing potential of graphic design. It is demonstrated that the process of creating visual images and their subsequent interpretation by consumers of graphic information depends not only on the aesthetic taste, ethical beliefs, and humanistic orientation of the designer (visualizer) but also on their educational and upbringing potential. The necessity of strengthening humanistic orientations in modern Ukrainian design and art education is emphasized.

Cultural and Value Differences in the Conditions of Technological Globalisation


 
 
 The text is the editor’s introduction to the articles of this scientific journal Philosophy. Sociology, thematically divided into four sections: Philosophy of Technology and Ethics of Technology, Social Philosophy and Philosophy of Communication, Philosophy of Art and Art Communication, Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. This article also aims to problematise the concepts of culture and technology and present one of the conceptual approaches when considering cultural and value differences in the conditions of technological globalisation. From the author’s perspective, although technology provides tools for effective human activity and technological progress influences different societies and their interactions, technological solutions alone cannot eliminate or neutralise the cultural, mentality, moral, or simply value differences of different societies.
 
 

Do analytic philosophers in China think differently? A survey and comparative study

Analytic philosophy has been developing in China for over a century, and philosophers shaped by the analytic tradition have grown into an important philosophical community in China. The views of contemporary analytic philosophers in China on central philosophical issues and their similarities and differences with analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries have not been systematically investigated. Bourget and Chalmers have conducted two large-scale online questionnaire surveys on analytic philosophers in English-speaking countries. Inspired by their studies, a survey on analytic philosophers in China was performed. It is found that philosophers in China had no agreement on most issues. According to the comparative analysis with the results of Bourget and Chalmers’ second survey, there were significant differences in views as well as thinking styles between analytic philosophers in China and English-speaking countries. And these differences may be partially explained by cultural factors and academic environments.