Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale Research Articles

When and how is depression associated with ostracism among college students? The mediating role of interpretation bias and the moderating role of awareness rather than acceptance.

Depression is closely related to individual social functions. The current study aimed to examine whether depression is associated with ostracism, whether interpretation bias mediates this relationship, and whether trait mindfulness moderates direct and indirect relationships between depression and ostracism. Overall, 389 Chinese college students completed the Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale, Interpretation Bias Questionnaire, Philadelphia mindfulness scale, and perceived ostracism scale at two-time points. Latent Profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. After controlling for sex and age, depression (t1) was positively correlated to perceived ostracism, with this relationship being partially mediated by negative interpretation bias (IBN, t2). The effect of IBN on perceived ostracism was weak when awareness was high at time 2. Acceptance had a non-significant moderating role in the relationship between IBN and perceived ostracism at time 2. LPA delineated three profiles: high awareness, high acceptance, and medium mindfulness. The moderating role of the different profiles in the relationship between IBN (t2) and perceived ostracism (t2) was significant. Depressed individuals appear to experience more ostracism because of IBN. Awareness might alleviate the effect of IBN on perceived ostracism.

Burnout, Resilience, and Mindfulness in Healthcare Workers in a Medically Underserved Region during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To evaluate employee burnout, work conditions, resilience, and mindfulness at an academic medical center in a US medically underserved region during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We surveyed employees from August 7, 2020 to January 17, 2021. Respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Areas of Worklife Survey, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) and answered a question about intention to stay in the present job until retirement. We performed exploratory stepwise logistic regression to evaluate associations between variables and intention to stay. We evaluated associations between variables with a structural equation model (SEM). The 655 respondents mostly were White women providers, aged 50 years and younger, who worked in inpatient wards, emergency departments, or intensive care units. Respondents had high mean MBI emotional exhaustion (35 ± 12) and moderate MBI depersonalization (12 ± 6), despite high MBI personal accomplishment (43 ± 8), middle-range Areas of Worklife Survey results, and middle to high Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale scores (29 ± 5), PHLMS awareness scores (37 ± 6), and PHLMS acceptance scores (30 ± 8). There were 408 respondents (62%) with MBI latent profiles consistent with being burned out, but 447 respondents (68%) were willing to stay in their present job. Older age was associated with intention to stay (coefficient 1.1 ± 0.1; P < 0.001). The latent variable burnout structural equation model (burnout-SEM) constructed from the MBI subscales inversely predicted intention to stay (coefficient - 0.33; P < 0.001), and this relationship was mediated by age. Burnout was prevalent despite substantial personal accomplishment, resilience, and mindfulness.

Self-Consciousness and Self-Awareness: Associations between Stable and Transitory Levels of Evidence.

The theory of objective self-awareness predicts the assessment of stable or dispositional self-consciousness and transitory or situational self-awareness. The aim of the present research was to investigate potential associations between patterns of experiential self-description to scores on self-report measures of dispositional self-consciousness. A total of 64 Brazilian volunteers (Mage = 29.7, SD = 8.79, 64.1% female) responded to the Revised Self-Consciousness Scale, the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire before participating in an experience sampling protocol. The protocol consisted of random daily requests for up to four self-description experiences across seven consecutive days. Participants recorded audio messages on their mobile phones in reply to each request describing their current experience. Reports were analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis that produced twenty sub-themes accounting for descriptive markers of experience. Based on those descriptive markers, the qualitative data were then transformed into quantitative data for the situational self-awareness indexes. Evidence of association between self-consciousness and self-awareness was stronger for the awareness subscale in a positive correlation with affective situational self-awareness and in a negative correlation with mental representational transitory self-awareness. Although relational evidence has been provided, the data reinforced the theoretical distinction between self-consciousness and self-awareness.

Efficacy of Online Mindfulness Program ‘Mindful Senses’ for Depression and Anxiety Reduction in Community Samples: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of the minimal therapist-guided four-week online audio-based mindfulness program titled ‘Mindful Senses’ (MS) for depression and anxiety reduction in community samples. Materials and Methods: This open-label randomized controlled trial enrolled 80 participants from across Thailand. The authors randomly allocated 40 subjects each to the intervention and control groups. The authors included people aged 18 years or older with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 9 or more or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) score of 10 or more. Both groups received four psychological self-help articles online. Only the intervention group attended the MS program. The outcomes were PHQ-9, GAD-7, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) scores measured at baseline (T₀), post-intervention (T₁), and one-month follow-up (T₂). Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the outcomes. Results: The intervention group showed significantly improved PHQ-9, GAD-7, PSS, and PHLMS scores compared to the controls at T₁ [intention-totreat mean difference (95% CI): –6.97 (–9.23 to –4.72), p&lt;0.001, d=1.38; –5.27 (–7.32 to –3.23), p&lt;0.001, d=1.14; –5.85 (–8.10 to –3.60), p&lt;0.001, d=1.16; 9.15 (5.47 to 12.83), p&lt;0.001, d=1.11, respectively], and T₂ [intention-to-treat mean difference (95% CI): –5.27 (–7.55 to –3.00), p&lt;0.001, d=1.03; –5.20 (–7.29 to –3.11), p&lt;0.001, d=1.11; –5.43 (–8.21 to –2.64), p&lt;0.001, d=0.87; 8.68 (4.90 to 12.45), p&lt;0.001, d=1.02, respectively]. Conclusion: The MS program improved depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness in community samples, and those effects were preserved for one-month post-intervention. It has the potential to be another highly effective treatment option for people suffering from depression or anxiety who face barriers to accessing mental health facilities. Keywords: Mindfulness; Online; Depression; Anxiety; Community samples

Validation of the Italian Translation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale

ObjectivesAssessing mindfulness skills is an important topic for the mindfulness research community around the world. Having a variety of mindfulness measures validated in different languages would increase the quality of research on the topic. Thus, we propose a contribution to the validation of the Italian version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) and its relatively short form, including only 10 out of the original 20 items. We also study its relationships with other psychological measures, and how it relates to meditation experience.MethodsWe translated the original scale into Italian and then assessed its psychometric properties in two convenience samples of healthy participants from the general population (total n = 429). We analyzed the validity and the dimensionality of the scale (study 1 and 2), its construct validity and relationships with other psychological measures (study 3), and then how it relates to meditation experience (study 4).ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis (study 1) on sample 1 confirmed the original PHLMS structure, indicating two orthogonal dimensions named awareness and acceptance. A successive confirmatory factor analysis (study 2) on sample 2 also revealed a good fit of the model for the two-factor structure with correlated error. The short form also revealed a good model fit. In the successive studies conducted on a pooled sample including both sample 1 and 2, we confirmed the predominant role of acceptance in determining psychological well-being (study 3) and that meditation experience was related to increased mindfulness skills (study 4).ConclusionsThe results support both the long and short forms of the Italian PHMLS (PHLMS-I) as valid and reliable instruments for measuring mindfulness skills in non-meditative and meditative samples.

Mindful acceptance, not awareness, associated with lower food susceptibility.

Food susceptibility refers to an individual's thoughts, feelings, and motivations when highly palatable foods are available. Mindfulness, or the practice of paying attention, non-judgmentally, in the present moment, is a key element in acceptance-based programs, which have been shown to benefit those with high food susceptibility. This study examined the relationship between food susceptibility and (1) trait mindfulness and (2) mindfulness facets (i.e., awareness, acceptance) in daily life. Participants were 108 adults with overweight/obesity (45.56 ± 11.41years old, 75.9% white, 72.2% female) enrolled in a weight loss trial (Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02786238). Food susceptibility was measured with the Power of Food Scale (PFS). Mindfulness was assessed using the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHMS) and its two subscales: PHMS-Awareness and PHMS-Acceptance. Two regressions examined the associations of (1) total PHMS on PFS, and (2) simultaneous PHMS subscales on PFS. Covariates were age, sex, race, and education. Regression results revealed, after adjustment for covariates, that Total PHMS was significantly negatively associated with PFS scores (β = - 0.258, p = 0.001), but only one of the PHMS subscales, Acceptance, was significantly associated with PFS scores (β = - 0.328, p < 0.001). PHMS-Awareness was not related to PFS scores. Greater levels of mindfulness were associated with lower food susceptibility in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Mindful acceptance may be the driving factor in this relationship, suggesting that awareness alone is not sufficient for promoting healthier appetite regulation. Interventions aimed to reduce food susceptibility and improve coping with cravings may benefit from an enhanced focus on teaching mindful-acceptance skills. Level III, observational cohort study.

Mindful Eating, General Mindful Awareness, and Acceptance as Predictors of Weight Loss.

The goal of the present study was to determine whether baseline mindful eating, general mindful awareness, or acceptance was most strongly associated with short- and long-term weight loss in a lifestyle modification program. Data were from 178 participants (baseline BMI=40.9±5.9 kg/m2, age=44.2±11.2 years; 87.6% female; 71.3% black) who enrolled in a two-phase trial. All participants attended an initial 14-week lifestyle modification program that included a meal replacement diet. Participants who had lost ≥5% of initial weight (N=137) were then randomized to 52 weeks of lifestyle modification with lorcaserin or placebo. Linear mixed models examined whether mindful eating (Mindful Eating Questionnaire) and general mindful awareness and acceptance (Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale) predicted short-term weight loss at week 14 in the full sample and long-term weight loss at the end of the trial in the subsample of randomized participants. In the full sample, higher baseline acceptance predicted greater short-term weight losses (p=.004). At week 14, individuals low in acceptance (-1SD) lost an average of 8.7 kg (SE=0.6) compared to 11.2 kg (SE=0.6) among those high in acceptance (+1SD). In the subsample of participants who successfully lost weight in phase 1, the independent effect of acceptance on total losses at the end of the trial did not reach statistical significance (p=.058). Neither mindful eating nor general mindful awareness independently predicted weight loss at either time point. Acceptance was a stronger predictor than either general or eating-specific awareness of weight loss with lifestyle modification.

القدرة التنبؤية لليقظة العقلية بالتنظيم الانفعالي لدى طلاب الجامعة( دراسة سيکومترية – کلينيکية )

البحث إلى الکشف عن اسهامات اليقظة العقلية (الأبعاد – الدرجة الکلية) في التنبؤ بالتنظيم الانفعالي لدى طلاب الجامعة، بالإضافة إلى الکشف عن ديناميات الشخصية المميزة لکل من مرتفعي ومنخفضي اليقظة العقلية وتحقيقا لهذا الهدف أجرى البحث على عينة قوامها(219) طالبا وطالبة من طلاب جامعة الزقازيق تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين (19-22) عاما بمتوسط عمري (59,20) وإنحراف معياري (077,1). وبعد تطبيق مقياس لليقظة العقلية Mindfulness Scale ومقياس التنظيم الانفعالي Regulation Scale واستمارة المقابلة الکلينيکية، وإختبار ساکس لتکملة الجمل. أسفرت أهم النتائج عن:- أن أبعاد اليقظة العقلية مجتمعة ( باللحظة الحالية +القبول ) ساهمت في التنبؤ ببعد التنظيم الانفعالي الوظيفي الداخلي، أما عن التصرف الواعي فقد ساهم منفردا في التنبؤ ببعد التنظيم الانفعالي الوظيفي الخارجي فى حين لم يسهم بعد القبول بذلک ، هذا بالاضافة الى إختلاف الديناميات الشخصية لمنخفضي اليقظة العقلية عن مرتفعي اليقظة العقلية من طلاب تنظيم The predictive ability of Mindfulness in determining The Emotion Regulation of university students The research aimed to reveal the contributions of Mindfulness (dimensions - total score) in predicting Emotional Regulation among university students, in addition to revealing the distinct personality dynamics of both high and low Mindfulness. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted on a sample of (219) male and female students in Zagazig University aged between (19-22) years old, with an average age of (20.59) and a standard deviation of (1.077). The research applied the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, Emotion Regulation Scale, clinical interview form and the Sachs test to complete sentences. The most important results were that the combined dimensions of Mindfulness (The assessment of the present moment awareness + acceptance) contributed to predicting the dimensions of the internal functional emotional regulation, while the present moment awareness contributed solely in predicting the dimension of the external functional emotional regulation, whereas acceptance was not indicative. The research also revealed that the personal dynamics of university students with low Mindfulness differed from those of high Mindfulness.

Long-Term Vipassana Meditation Enhances Executive Function in Adult Meditators

Objective: Vipassana meditation (VM) is a traditional Buddhist meditation practice that focuses on monitoring of clear awareness of oneself exactly what is happening as it happens, without judging. Executive functions (EF) are the high-level cognitive processes that facilitate goal-directed behaviors. It is well known that VM has significant effects on various affective states of the mind, such as relaxation, reduce stress and anxiety; however, less is known about the effect of VM on the executive function. This study aims to examine the effects of VM practice on the performance of the executive function in the adult meditators.Methods: Forty adult participants, age range between 25-50 year-olds, were recruited to this study. They were divided into three groups; the control group (N=20, mean age = 40.5 ± 5.8 years), Short-term VM group (N=6, mean age = 38.0±9.1 years), and Long-term VM group (N=14, mean age = 37.7±7.3 years). All participants were examined by 1) State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI); 2) Philadelphia mindfulness scale (PHLMS); 3) Digit span task of WAIS-IV, 4) Tower of Hanoi (ToH), and 5) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-CV4). The mean scores of all task performance were statistically analyzed and compared between groups. Alpha values of .05 were considered significant throughout.Results: Both short-term and long-term VM has common benefits to decreased anxiety and increased mindfulness score as compared with the non-meditator group. Although short-term VM shows some benefits to the performance of several EF tasks, the discrepancy was not significant when compared with the control group. In contrast, long-term VM had a significant benefit to the performance of working memory, planning, and shift/cognitive flexibility, when compared with the non-meditator group. Our results indicated that long-term VM practice not only reduces anxiety and improves mindfulness, but the benefit also extends to improve the performance of the executive function in adult practitioners. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that continued practice of VM is highly effective for enhancing EF in healthy individuals. Long-term VM practice not only reduce stress and improve mindfulness but also enhance the performance of EF tasks of the practitioners.

Revisiting the five-facet structure of mindfulness

The current study aimed to replicate the development of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in a sample of 399 undergraduate students. We factor analyzed the Mindful Attention and Awareness Questionnaire (MAAS), the Freiburg Mindfulness Scale, the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ), the Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS-R), and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), but also extended the analysis by including a conceptually related measure, the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), and a conceptually unrelated measure, the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS). Overall, we found a partial replication of the five-factor structure, with the exception of non-reacting and non-judging which formed a single factor. The PHLMS items loaded as expected with theoretically related factors, whereas the LMS items emerged as separate factor. Finally, we found a new factor that was mostly defined by negatively worded items indicating possible item wording artifacts within the FFMQ. Our conceptual validation study indicates that some facets of the FFMQ can be recovered, but item wording factors may threaten the stability of these facets. Additionally, measures such as the LMS appear to measure not only theoretically, but also empirically different constructs.

Values, acceptance, and belongingess in graduate school: Perspectives from underrepresented minority students

BackgroundAlthough the enrollment rate of students who come from racial and ethnic backgrounds traditionally underrepresented (URM) in higher education settings is steadily increasing in United States graduate programs, URM students are still considerably underrepresented. Systemic racial and ethnic discrimination, microaggressions, and low belongingness may negatively impact psychological functioning and interfere with academic success. Objective: This study explored the relationship between racial and ethnic stressors, belongingness, acceptance, and valued living on the psychological functioning of URM graduate students. Method: Participants (N = 436) were URM students pursuing their doctoral degree in the United States who completed the Schedule of Racist Events, Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale, Campus Connectedness Scale, Valued Living Questionnaire, Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Results: Racial and ethnic microaggressions and stressors were positively associated with psychological distress and belongingness was negatively associated with psychological distress (r's = .21-0.33). However, three hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that both acceptance of internal experiences and values-based living predicted psychological functioning (depression, anxiety, and stress) over and above the negative effects of racial and ethnic stressors and low perceived belongingness. Conclusions: Although systemic changes are needed to address the inequities that URM graduate students face, helping students to cultivate an accepting stance and live consistently with personal values could buffer against the effects of these stressors on psychological functioning.

Validation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale on experienced meditators and nonmeditators.

The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale's (PHLMS) psychometric properties, theoretical assumptions, convergent validity, and relationships to symptom, happiness and social desirability measures were investigated in novel samples. Internet-recruited general public samples of experienced meditators (n = 67, 21 male, 46 female, average age 50) and nonmeditators (n = 61, 28 male, 32 female, and 1 transgender; average age 41.9) were used. Meditators scored higher than nonmeditators on both PHLMS Acceptance, t(126) = 2.77, p < .01, d = 0.49, and Awareness t(126) = 4.18, p < .01, d = 0.74. Higher PHLMS Acceptance subscale scores were associated with decreased scores on all symptom measures in nonmeditators, but only in select measures among meditators. Generally, PHLMS Awareness subscale scores were not related to symptoms. Awareness interacted with meditator status on outcome measures. PHLMS may be used in the general public and experienced meditator populations. Mindfulness facets become intercorrelated in experienced meditators.

The Many Roads to Mindfulness: A Review of Nonmindfulness-Based Interventions that Increase Mindfulness.

Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have become increasingly popular for treating various physical and mental disorders. An increase in mindfulness levels through the teaching of mindfulness meditation is the most well-studied mechanism of MBIs. Recent studies, however, suggest that an increase in mindfulness is also observed in physical or psychosocial interventions not explicitly labeled as MBIs, or what the authors call non-MBIs. The authors aimed to review what non-MBIs can increase mindfulness levels despite not explicitly teaching mindfulness meditation. Design: The authors conducted a literature search for studies that included a non-MBI study arm measuring pre- and postintervention mindfulness levels using one of the following eight validated self-reported mindfulness questionnaires: Five-Faceted Mindfulness Questionnaire, Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Toronto Mindfulness Scale, Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised. The authors identified 69 non-MBI study arms from 51 independent studies of the non-MBI itself or as active controls of an MBI under investigation. The authors documented or calculated, if not provided, effect sizes (ES) for changes in mindfulness levels following these interventions. Results: Among the 69 non-MBI arms, 36 showed no effect for change in mindfulness (ES <0.20), 3 were indeterminate (no ES available or unable to calculate), 13 had small effects (0.20 < ES <0.5), 13 had medium effects (0.50 < ES <0.80), 3 had large effects (0.80 < ES <1.3), and 1 had a very large effect (ES >1.3) for change in mindfulness. Conclusions: Analysis of the characteristics of non-MBIs with significant increases in mindfulness levels suggested some commonalities between MBIs and non-MBIs, shedding light on a spectrum of mindfulness-related interventions and the possibility that there are many roads to developing mindfulness.

Mental alertness and flexibility and psychological flow of the student Counseling in Tarif governorate, Saudi Arabia- A comparative study between the new and old mentors

The aim of this study was to determine the level of mental alertness, psychological flow and psychological flexibility of the student guides in Tarif governorate, and to determine the nature of the relationship between mental alertness, psychological flow and psychological flexibility of the student mentors and to verify differences in mental alertness, psychological flow and psychological flexibility of the student guides in the region Tarif Governorate according to years of experience, All members of the study community were from the city of Arar, 30 and the mental alert scale was used for the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) mentors, the ego- elasticity of the student Counseling for Fahan (2010) for ego elasticity, Instructors students. For Jackson and Marshall, 1996, translated by Mahadin (2014), the results of the study found that the student Counseling in the level of mental alertness and elasticity of the Anna and the flow of psychological was an average level, indicating that the mentors students have a moderate degree of mental alertness and flexibility and self- flow The relationship was statistically significant and positive, and there were no differences between the Counseling and the student Counseling in Tarif governorate due to the variable of experience whether in mental alertness, psychological flexibility or psychological flow. The study of some of the recommendations and most important attention to the positive psychological variables among the student Counseling.

Feasibility study to assess the effect of a brief mindfulness intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Psychological distress is common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to assess whether a 10-minute mindfulness intervention reduces distress and breathlessness, improves mood and increases mindfulness among hospital inpatients following acute exacerbation of COPD.Fifty patients were recruited following an acute admission. The immediate effects of a 10-minute mindfulness-based body scan were compared with a control intervention. Participants were randomized to receive either a mindfulness-based body scan (n = 24) or a control condition (n = 26) via a 10-minute audio recording. Participants completed a self-assessment survey, including the Borg scale for breathlessness, Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. They then completed six brief single item measures of dyspnoea, anxiety, depression, happiness, stress and mindfulness before and after the intervention daily for three consecutive days. Acceptability was rated according to ‘usefulness’ and whether they would recommend the intervention to other patients. Results showed that there was a tendency for change in most outcomes, but no significant differences between the groups. Most participants rated the intervention as useful and would recommend it. Existing knowledge of mindfulness interventions among these patients is very limited and this study may be helpful in the development of other brief interventions.

Transitions in the Health Care Systems in Times of Uncertainty?Exploring Views by Experts through Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence in Bangkok, Thailand

This research focuses on the Transitions in the Health Care Systems in Times of Uncertainty–Exploring views by Experts through Mindfulness and Emotional Intelligence in Bangkok, Thailand. Gratitude to all the experts who were part of this research, making the study interesting and sharing real life experiences and views. The awareness of Emotional Intelligence and changes in the Health industry in Thailand shared by Dr. Davin Narula, Mrs. Rasee Govindani, Ms. Anette Pollner, and Dr. Anand Sachamuneewongse has given a valuable insight about quality health services, well-being, experience, and expressing possible changes and integration of services in the health industry. Aim: The objectives of this research were whether the regular practice of Guided Mindful Meditation/training could improve patients’ emotional intelligence. To distinguish the effect of pressure from the internal and external environment of health system in Bangkok. To evaluate the differences of between practitioners, experts, and doctors on various practices and handling transitions in the Health Care systems in Times of Uncertainty. To bring awareness on valuable techniques and resources for practitioners, doctors, and patients to creating Balance and practicing Mindfulness in their daily life. To analyze the shared experience of Mindfulness performed by the four experts in this research. Methods: All four experts fulfilled the questions and answered all questionnaires of Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), Emotional Intelligence (DERS) questionnaire, & the Global Health PROMIS 10. Face to face audio interview was conducted the insightful sharing on various aspects of uncertainty, transitions, mindfulness, and emotional intelligence was expressed. Results: The challenges in the health industry with having less doctors and advance equipment in the public sector were acknowledged by Dr. Anand and Ms. Anette. Dr. Davin addressed about NLP and how neuro programming and mindfulness programmes can be utilized in medical training, educating patients through awareness, and in daily practice of one’s life. Dr. Davin, Mrs. Rasee, Ms. Anette, and Dr. Anand were aware of their emotional intelligence in terms of thoughts, environment, mood, and there are situations that may bring some difficulties to deal with the internal state, however, they tend to find a suitable approach to deal with it. Dr. Anand did not usually focus on emotional intelligence and mindfulness approaches and this research guided him to reflect on several aspects that relate to him and his work in a deeper perspective. Mrs. Rasee & Ms. Anette stressed on integration of alternative/complementary healing/therapies with hospitals and having counselors on call to provide emotional and moral support to patients and people working in the hospitals in both provide and public hospitals. Conclusion: There is a need to bring awareness in acknowledging emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and integration of balance through neuro programming that can enhance people from the health industry. Emotional intelligence should be taught at schools for children to acknowledge how the feel and speak about it. Further research encourages to be explored in rural areas and other clinics and hospitals on emotional intelligence and mindfulness training. Future studies can apply mindfulness training approaches on doctors and staff at the hospitals to test the efficacy of before and after practicing the mindfulness programme. It will be efficient to check the brain waves of before and after the practice of mindfulness training to check progress.

The Relationship between Mindfulness and the Work Performance of Employees Working in the Manufacturing Sector

Extensive studies examining the benefits of mindfulness in clinical, professional, and personal settings have been reported in literature over the past decade. However, there is a lack of data relating to the correlation between an individual’s level of mindfulness and aspects of their work performance in an industrial manufacturing environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and work performance amongst 423 full-time employees (192 males, 231 females), working in the production departments of 4 affiliated companies in Northern Thailand. The level of mindfulness was assessed through the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, Thai version. Work performance was measured through annual evaluations of each individual, pertaining to work quality, work quantity, and timeliness. The results showed a significant positive correlation between mindfulness and performance evaluation (r=0.581; p<0.01), with a positive correlation for each measured factor (quality, quantity and timeliness, in descending order of significance).

Portuguese validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was the validation of two instruments: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) in a non-clinical Portuguese sample. MethodsParticipants were 168 undergraduates (123 women), aged 18–50 years old (M=22; SD=5.94). Participants answered the following instruments: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R); Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS); Portuguese version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; and Separation/Individuation Process Inventory. ResultsThe factorial analysis for the CAMS-R yielded a 9-items one factor with adequate internal consistency (.76). For PHLMS, the results showed a clear two-factor structure with exactly the same structure as the original version, and with adequate internal consistencies: awareness (.77) and acceptance (.85). The quality of mindfulness (CAMS-R) was positively correlated with awareness and acceptance (PHLMS), and negatively with self-differentiation (more problematic) and alexithymia. ConclusionBoth instruments seem to present adequate psychometric properties to be used in the Portuguese population.

The Relationship between Mindfulness and the Work Performance of Employees Working in the Manufacturing Sector

Extensive studies examining the benefits of mindfulness in clinical, professional, and personal settings have been reported in literature over the past decade. However, there is a lack of data relating to the correlation between an individual’s level of mindfulness and aspects of their work performance in an industrial manufacturing environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and work performance amongst 423 full-time employees (192 males, 231 females), working in the production departments of 4 affiliated companies in Northern Thailand. The level of mindfulness was assessed through the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale, Thai version. Work performance was measured through annual evaluations of each individual, pertaining to work quality, work quantity, and timeliness. The results showed a significant positive correlation between mindfulness and performance evaluation (r=0.581; p<0.01), with a positive correlation for each measured factor (quality, quantity and timeliness, in descending order of significance).

An Examination of Concurrent and Incremental Validity of Four Mindfulness Scales

General consensus among psychologists supports the beneficial effects of mindfulness in the treatment of a wide range of clinical conditions such as personality, mood, and anxiety disorders. Several scales used to assess this psychological construct, mainly rooted in Eastern traditions, are currently available to researchers and clinicians. However, the conceptualization and measurement of mindfulness has been considerably diverse. The present study examines the concurrent and incremental validity of four scales: the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS), the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS). Two independent samples of 176 adults and 397 students, respectively, were recruited. With few exceptions, results were consistent across the two samples and indicated that measures based on an Eastern conceptualization of mindfulness (TMS, PHLMS, and FFMQ) show a different pattern of association with the chosen outcomes compared to the LMS, which is based on a Western conceptualization. Overall, the PHLMS showed the strongest predictive effects and the LMS the weakest in terms of both number of predicted criteria and average effect size. Implications for research and practice are discussed.