Phi Test Research Articles

Acceptance of euthanasia by students of selected study disciplines at universities in Lublin, Poland

BackgroundIn the context of discussions between supporters and opponents of euthanasia, and legal regulations regarding this type of practices, the attitude of young people with respect to this phenomenon is a very interesting issue. According to Polish law, euthanasia is prohibited. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of acceptance of euthanasia among students from Polish universities across three different fields of study: psychology, medicine, and economic-technical disciplines, and to identify the factors associated with the acceptance of this phenomenon.MethodsThe study included 627 persons studying in Lublin, Poland: medicine (280), psychology (170), and economic-technical studies (177). The study was conducted as a survey using questionnaire containing items concerning students’ attitudes towards euthanasia. The analysis of the collected data was conducted using the SPSS software (version 29) with the following methods: Chi2, Student’s t-test, Phi test, Cramer’s V test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test, linear regression analysis, and categorical regression analysis using optimal scaling (CATREG).ResultsNearly half of the students participating in the study (45.9%) rated the practice of euthanasia as decidedly negative. The highest number of strongly negative evaluations was found among psychology students, and the least among students of economic-technical disciplines. The level of acceptance of euthanasia is significantly associated with religious involvement and studying psychology. Being religious and being a psychology student both contribute to lower acceptance of euthanasia and a lower willingness to consent to euthanasia. Consent to euthanasia is more commonly declared by individuals with experience of living with elderly people.ConclusionsAlthough nearly half of the respondents expressed a negative attitude towards euthanasia, considering the secularization process among Polish youth, it can be assumed that the level of acceptance of euthanasia in this social group will increase. The lower level of acceptance of euthanasia among psychology and medical students compared to students of economic-technical disciplines suggests that the curricula of these studies present alternative solutions to the problems of terminally ill patients other than euthanasia.

The Relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Under Five in Muna Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province

Backgrounds: Data obtained from the Muna District Health Service shows that there are still many toddlers affected by acute respiratory infections and each year this increases. In 2019 there were 3778 cases (23.7%), in 2020 there were 2500 cases (12.2%), while in 2021 there were 3868 cases (24.2%). The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between giving exclusive breast milk and the incidence of acute respiratory infections in toddlers in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
 Methods: This type of research is quantitative observational using a Cross Sectional Study design. This research was carried out in July 2022. The research population was all toddlers in Muna Regency, totaling 3868 people and a sample of 97 people obtained using proportional simple random sampling. Data were processed using the chi-square test, closeness test and phi test.
 Results: The research results showed that the results of the chi-square test on the variable giving exclusive breast milk obtained a p value of 0.000. This shows that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a moderate relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the eventAcute respiratory infectionsamong toddlers in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province.
 Conclusion: There is a connection between giving exclusive breast milk and the incident Acute respiratory infectionsamong toddlers in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. It is hoped that mothers can provide knowledge about the factors related to the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in toddlers.

Jaltomata tlaxcala, a new species of the genus Jaltomata (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae)

The taxonomic status of a specimen of the genus Jaltomata recovered from the Central Highland Valley of Mexico was realized. Phylogenetic analysis was performed via Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods complemented with Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) using the PHI test. The results indicated that the specimen in study belongs to the genus Jaltomata sp. nov. supported by PHI test (φ=1.0) showing no evidence of recombination. Characteristics of corolla, pedicel and calyx, stigma, anthers, fruit, and seeds, differentiated this species. Based on the results, the name Jaltomata tlaxcala is proposed for this new species.

Социально-психологические особенности этнической идентичности русских, проживающих в Азербайджане

Background. Ethnic identity is an important factor in the interaction of different cultures. Studying an ethnic group that lives outside its historical homeland allows to better understand the role that living in a foreign cultural environment plays in the feeling of belonging to one's people. Objectives. The study had its purpose to analyze the socio-psychological characteristics of the ethnic identity of Russians living in Azerbaijan compared with Russians living in Russia and Azerbaijanis living in Azerbaijan. Study Participants. The study involved 185 respondents (71 Russians living in Azerbaijan, 76 Azerbaijanis living in Azerbaijan, and 38 Russians living in Russia) aged 18 to 70 (M = 34,2; SD = 15,8). Methods. The survey included the authors’ questionnaire and J. Phinney’s inventory (MEIM) adapted by A.M. Arbitailo. The processing methods implemented the Mann — Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square, Fisher's phi test, and content analysis of open questions. Results. The study results show that ethnic identity level among Russians in Azerbaijan is lower than among Russians in Russia, which may be due to the influence of Azerbaijani culture and assimilation processes. It was also found that ethnic identity of Russians in Azerbaijan often includes elements of local culture, which supports the assumption of conglomeration processes. An analysis of perception of cultural archetypes and ethno-differentiating features among Russians and Azerbaijanis indicates differences in the perception of cultural and ethnic characteristics, which emphasizes the complexity of the processes of integration and identification in multicultural setting. Conclusions. The ethnic identity of Russians in Azerbaijan is characterized by a lower level of expression and assimilation of some elements of Azerbaijani culture in its cognitive component. However, the differences in behavioral patterns and values indicate the formation of a conglomerate identity, where ethnic, linguistic, and national identities interact though do not completely merge.

The Relationship of Individual Characteristics, Benzene Concentration with DNA Degeneration in Car Painting Workshop Workers

Background: A car paint shop is one of the works that use paint as the main working material containing benzene. Benzene is a colorless liquid aromatic compound that is carcinogenic to humans. This compound is classified as a group 1 human carcinogen by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer).
 Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between individual characteristics and workplace benzene concentrations with DNA degeneration of workers in an automotive paint shop in Kalijudan, Surabaya.
 Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach. Secondary data from the previous study were collected from 20 respondents, all of whom were paint workers in an auto paint shop. The dependent variable in this study is DNA degeneration and the independent variables are age, body mass index (BMI), number of years working, smoking behavior, and benzene concentration. To analyze the correlation of independent and dependent variables, the chi-square test was used. And then the phi test and Cramer's v are used to analyze the strength of the correlation between the two variables. 
 Results: Measurements of benzene concentrations in the workplace showed higher mean concentrations than TLV-TWA. As a result of laboratory tests, 13 out of 20 workers showed DNA degeneration. At the same time, the results showed a moderate correlation between BMI and DNA degeneration, and a very weak correlation between benzene concentration at work, individual characteristics (worker age, years of work, and smoking behavior) and DNA degeneration.
 Conclusions: This study found no correlation between individual characteristics and workplace benzene concentration with DNA degeneration in Surabaya auto paint shop workers.
 
 Keywords: benzene, car painting shop, DNA, individual characteristics

Analysis of barriers, supports and gender gap in the choice of STEM studies in secondary education

Society is more digitised than ever and there is an urgent need to train people in these sectors, where women are still under-represented. A quantitative descriptive, correlational and explanatory descriptive design was used to identify barriers, supports and gender gaps in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Secondary Education by analysing the interest and perception of 1562 students and 432 teachers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Lambda test and Crame’s V or Phi test were performed together with a qualitative analysis. The results show that fewer female students want to pursue STEM studies, with girls preferring health and education professions and boys preferring engineering and computer science. Indeed, their motivation is different since we found correlations between being a girl and choosing STEM for helping people and society, while earning money is important for boys. Girls believe more necessary than boys to have qualities to study STEM and less often perceive themselves as intelligent and courageous. Our study revealed that families and teachers encourage more boys than girls towards STEM activities. Teachers believe that girls are influence by preconceived ideas, lack of STEM knowledge and lower self-esteem. Regarding gender equality, almost half state that no objectives are included in the curricula, 43.85% do not include it in subjects and only 30% received training. Consequently, female vocations need to be promoted by teaching how STEM solves real-life problems, fostering creativity, increasing self-confidence, promoting STEM activities and making female role models visible. Teachers should receive more gender training and promote gender-sensitive STEM education.

Stress and Occupational Burnout of Nurses Working with COVID-19 Patients.

COVID-19 pandemic brings many challenges to the daily work of nurses. While carrying out professional tasks for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, nurses experience tremendous psychological pressure due to their workload in a high-risk environment. This causes severe stress and leads to occupational burnout. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of stress and occupational burnout among surveyed nurses working with patients with COVID-19. A total of 118 nurses working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus participated in the study. Among the respondents, there were 94.9% women and 5.1% men. The average age of the respondents was 38.1 +/− 2.1. The survey was conducted between April and May 2022. The research tool was a survey questionnaire, consisting of three parts: sociodemographic data and self-administered survey questionnaire containing questions about the specifics of working with COVID-19 patients. The third part was a standardized tool: the MBI Burnout Questionnaire by Christina Maslach. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. Statistical analysis for independence of variables used the Chi-square test. On the other hand, coefficients based on the Phi test and Kramer’s V test, as well as non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test (for 2 samples) and Kruskal–Wallis test (for more than 2 samples) were used to determine the strength of the relationship. During these analyses, in addition to standard statistical significance, the corresponding “p” values were calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The results obtained allow us to conclude that surveyed nurses working with COVID-19 patients are exposed to various stressors leading to occupational burnout. The vast majority of respondents, i.e., 90.7%, believe that stress is an integral part of the nursing profession and the average of MBI burnout among respondents was 55.67 +/− 9.77 pts., emotional exhaustion 24.74 +/− 6.11, depersonalization 12.42 +/− 2.99 and a sense of personal achievement 18.52 +/− 4.50 which means that only slightly more than half of the nurses surveyed noticed symptoms of occupational burnout themselves. The research has revealed that working with a patient who is positive for COVID-19 is a cause of stress and is related to experiencing symptoms of burnout in the group of surveyed nurses.

Incidencia de delirium perioperatorio en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, octubre a diciembre 2021, Lima Perú

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of perioperative delirium (POD) at the Hospital nacioanl Arzobispo Loayza, from October to December 2021. METHODS: Qualitative and prospective observational study, carried out in a population of 910 patients, in which the AMT Test Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and the Pfeiffer questionnaire (Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, SPMSQ) were applied. We used Chi2 to demonstrate the existence of association and Cramer's V and Phi tests to quantify the intensity of said relationship if it existed. RESULTS: Of the total of patients (910), 18.46% presented perioperative delirium. Sex and religion do not influence this. Age does influence the presentation of POD since 50% (145) of the patients 61 years of age or older presented it, unlike those between 36 -60 years of age only 5.31% and those of 18 - 35 only 0.88% presented POD. According to the level of education: 100% with no education, 73.1% with primary education, 18.5% with secondary education and 5.8% with higher education, presented DPO. According to the anesthetic technique, POD was found in 28.9% (60) of the spinal type with sedation, 22.4% (11) of the epidural type with sedation, 16.7% (83) of the General TIVA TCI type, 12.9% (4) of the Block type with sedation, 9.5% (10) of the General balanced type; for the types of general anesthesia manual TIVA, General Multimodal and Spinal anesthesia without sedation there were no cases of POD. According to the operative time: 100% (9) of the patients with more than 6 hours of operative time, 27.1% (38) of the patients who have 3 to 6 hours of operative time and 16.5% (121) of the patients who have 1 to 3 hours of operative time presented cases of POD. According to hospitalization time prior to surgery: 48% (36) of patients with hospitalization time of 16 to 30 days, 20.5% (26) of patients with hospitalization time of 8 to 15 days and 16% (97) of the patients with hospitalization time of 3 to 7 days presented POD. According to the presence of comorbidities: 51.6% (16) with AHT and RD, 41.7% (30) with Diabetes and 40.8% (20) with AHT and DM2 present POD. According to the presence of dementia: 100% (6) of the patients with a history of dementia and 17.9% (162) of the patients with no history of dementia presented POD. According to psychiatric history, 68.4% (13) of those who did have a history of psychiatric disorder and 17.4% (155) of those who did not have a history of psychiatric disorder presented POD. According to history of psychiatric treatment: 100% (6) of those who do have a history of treatment and 17.9% (162) of those who do not have a history of psychiatric treatment presented POD. According to the pre-surgical and post-surgical PFEIFFER questionnaire: 100% of those with mild, moderate or severe cognitive impairment according to the PFEIFFER PRE QX questionnaire presented POD. According to diagnosis of pre-surgical and post-surgical delirium: 100% presented POD. CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between sex and religion and the presentation of POD. If there is an association between age, educational level, type of anesthesia, operative time, hospitalization time prior to surgery, comorbidities, history of dementia, history of psychiatric disorder, history of psychiatric treatment, pre-, post-surgical Pfeiffer questionnaire, pre-surgical delirium and post-surgical delirium and the presentation of POD.

In-silico analyses provide strong statistical evidence for intra-species recombination events of the gyrA and CmeABC operon loci contributing to the continued emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in natural populations of Campylobacter jejuni

The continued emergence of Campylobacter jejuni strains resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs) has posed a significant threat to global public health, leading frequently to undesirable outcomes of human campylobacteriosis treatment. The molecular genetic mechanisms contributing to the increased retention of resistance to FQs in natural populations of this species, especially in antibiotic-free environments, are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether genetic recombination could be such a mechanism. We applied a large array of algorithms, imbedded in the SplitsTree and RDP4 software packages, to analyse the DNA sequences of the chromosomal loci, including the gyrA gene and the CmeABC operon, to identify events of their genetic recombination between C. jejuni strains. The SplitsTree analyses of the above genetic loci resulted in several parallelograms with the bootstrap values being in a range of 94.7 to 100, with the high fit estimates being 99.3 to 100. These analyses were further strongly supported by the Phi test results (P ≤ 0.02715) and the RDP4-generated statistics (P ≤ 0.04005). The recombined chromosomal regions, along with the gyrA gene and CmeABC operon loci, were also found to contain the genetic loci that included, but were not limited to, the genes encoding for phosphoribosyltransferase, lipoprotein, outer membrane motility protein, and radical SAM domain protein. These findings strongly suggest that the genetic recombination of the chromosomal regions involving gyrA, CmeABC, and their adjacent loci may be an additional mechanism underlying the constant emergence of epidemiologically successful FQ-resistant strains in natural populations of C. jejuni.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OHS COMPLIANCE AND HOUSEKEEPING IMPLEMENTATION WITH OCCUPATIONAL INJURY RISK IN A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

Background: Construction companies are one of the highest accident-prone fields. One of the efforts to protect the safety and health of construction workers is OHS compliance from the aspect of compliance in using PPE, following work instructions and implementing routine and periodic housekeeping. OHS compliance and housekeeping implementation to prevent the risk of work accidents. However, based on conditions in the field, many workers still do not comply with OHS and have not implemented housekeeping properly. Purpose: To determine the relationship between OHS compliance, housekeeping implementation, and occupational injury risk in a construction company. Method: This study was an observational study type using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 98 people were used in the sample for this study. Data analysis was performed using the phi test and contingency coefficient test. Result: There is a relationship (p=0,000) with a strong relation (phi=0.959) between OHS compliance and occupational injury risk, and there is a relationship (p=0,000) with a moderate level of relationship (r=0.583) between the housekeeping implementation levels and occupational injury risk for the construction company workers. Conclusion: There is a strong relation between OHS compliance and occupational injury risk and a relatively strong relation between housekeeping implementation levels and occupational injury risk in construction company workers.

Анализ номинальных данных педагогического эксперимента (на примере формирования конфликтологической компетенции)

The paper examines the problem of using mathematical statistics methods in pedagogical research. It identifies and describes the possibilities of using different methods of analysis of nominal data in processing the results of pedagogical experiments. The authors analyzed the frequency of use of statistical criteria in 100 publications in journals included in Web of Science and the Russian Index of Scientific Citation. The criteria for selecting publications were (1) year of issue; (2) reviews of manuscripts; (3) free access to the publication from the publisher; (4) availability of quantitative data on test results before and after pedagogical impact; (5) conclusions about the effectiveness of pedagogical impact. It was found that 45% of publications did not use mathematical statistics methods to test scientific hypotheses. Of the mathematical statistics methods used by the authors, the T-Test and Chi-square Test are more often used. For the study example of developing conflict readiness in future teachers, it presents the possibilities of using: Chi-square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test (Phi test), Cramer 's V Test and Somers’ d Test.

The Relationship of Drinking Water Depot Sanitation with the Presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli

The coverage of sanitation in Indonesia, especially in drinking water, is known to have not been in accordance with the needs of the population. Likewise in Kendari District where drinking water facilities (depots) and the quality of the water produced do not meet health requirements. This study aims to determine the correlation of drinking water depot sanitation hygiene with the presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli bacteria in Kendari District. The type of study is observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design. The study population, namely all drinking water depots in the working area of ​​the Kendari District, amounted to 14 depots with a simple random sampling of 13 depots. Testing the data using the Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study on sanitation hygiene of the place obtained p-value=0.014 and phi test=0.822, the results of the test on hygiene and sanitation of equipment obtained p-value=0.014 and phi test=0.822, while the sanitation hygiene of the handlers obtained p-value=0.003 and phi test=1.000. This means that there is a strong relationship between sanitation hygiene of premises, equipment and handlers with the presence of Coliform and Eschericia Coli bacteria in Kendari District. It is hoped that health center will actively conduct counseling in order to increase public insight and knowledge about sanitation hygiene of places, equipment and handlers at drinking water depots.

The Effect of Project-Based Learning through YouTube Presentations on English Learning Outcomes in Physics

This study aims to analyze the effect of project-based learning with YouTube presentations as a final project on the cognitive domain online learning outcomes in English for Physics subjects. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The design of the study was post-test with a non-equivalent design. The populations of this study were the fourth-semester students of Physics Tadris, which amounted to 32 people. The samples were taken by using the saturated sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was 20 multiple-choice questions. in analyzing the data, the researcher used the t-test and correlation test (phi (Φ) test) with a significance level of α = 0,05. The results of the t-test show that there is a difference in learning achievement where the experimental class is better than the control class. Then from the results of the correlation test (phi test (Φ)) shows that project-based learning with YouTube achievement as a final project has a significant effect on the cognitive domain.

INCIDENCE OF APICAL ROOT CRACK FORMATION AFTER ROTARY ROOT CANAL INSTRUMENTATION AT DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTATION LENGTHS USING PROTAPER UNIVERSAL, PROTAPER NEXT AND PROTAPER GOLD FILES - AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of apical root crack formation after root canal preparation using ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) rotary file systems and compare the crack formation at various instrumentation lengths. Subjects and Methods: One hundred single rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth were mounted in acrylic resin blocks after simulating periodontal ligament. The teeth were divided into four groups. Group I was instrumented using PTU, group II using PTN and group III using PTG rotary files, while group IV was left untreated, serving as a negative control group. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups: A, B and C instrumented till root canal length (RCL), RCL-1 and RCL+1. Root apex was sectioned horizontally 1-2mm from apical foramen and was stained with 1% methylene blue dye followed by stereomicroscopic evaluation to determine apical root cracks. The data was analyzed using chi-square, Shapiro Wilkinson and Cramers phi test. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Result: Significant difference was seen in percentage of cracks after instrumentation with PTU and PTG, while no significant difference with PTU and PTN. Specimen instrumented upto RCL-1 showed less cracks as compared to those instrumented upto RCL and RCL+1. Conclusion: PTG produced least number of cracks followed by PTN and PTU. Moreover, instrumentation at RCL-1 reduced the crack formation.

Koorchaloma oryzae sp. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Sordariomycetes), from Oryza sativa (Poaceae) in northern Thailand

A new species of Koorchaloma is described based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU and RPB2. Phylogenetic analyses showed our strain clusters with K. europaea with moderate statistical support. Koorchaloma oryzae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to K. europaea, but it can be distinguished by the conidiophores and conidia, while ITS pairwise nucleotide comparison of these two species also revealed differences. Koorchaloma oryzae is compared with all known Koorchaloma species, and a key to Koorchaloma species is provided. Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition analysis (PHI test) results of the new species and closely related species are also given.

MP30-15 THE COMBINATION OF PROSTATE HEALTH INDEX (PHI) AND MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI PROSTATE IMPROVES THE DETECTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER (CSPCA): A MULTICENTRE EVALUATION

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Detection & Screening III (MP30)1 Sep 2021MP30-15 THE COMBINATION OF PROSTATE HEALTH INDEX (PHI) AND MULTIPARAMETRIC MRI PROSTATE IMPROVES THE DETECTION OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PROSTATE CANCER (CSPCA): A MULTICENTRE EVALUATION Peter Ka-Fung Chiu, Jeffrey J Leow, Chih-Hung Chiang, Po-Fan Hsieh, Wayne Lam, Woon-Chau Tsang, Yu-Hua Fan, Tzu-Ping Lin, Yao Zhu, Chi-Ho Leung, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh, Ding-Wei Ye, James Hok-Leung Tsu, Chi-Fai Ng, Hsi-Chin Wu, Teck-Wei Tan, Edmund Chiong, and Chao-Yuan Huang Peter Ka-Fung ChiuPeter Ka-Fung Chiu More articles by this author , Jeffrey J LeowJeffrey J Leow More articles by this author , Chih-Hung ChiangChih-Hung Chiang More articles by this author , Po-Fan HsiehPo-Fan Hsieh More articles by this author , Wayne LamWayne Lam More articles by this author , Woon-Chau TsangWoon-Chau Tsang More articles by this author , Yu-Hua FanYu-Hua Fan More articles by this author , Tzu-Ping LinTzu-Ping Lin More articles by this author , Yao ZhuYao Zhu More articles by this author , Chi-Ho LeungChi-Ho Leung More articles by this author , Jeremy Yuen-Chun TeohJeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh More articles by this author , Ding-Wei YeDing-Wei Ye More articles by this author , James Hok-Leung TsuJames Hok-Leung Tsu More articles by this author , Chi-Fai NgChi-Fai Ng More articles by this author , Hsi-Chin WuHsi-Chin Wu More articles by this author , Teck-Wei TanTeck-Wei Tan More articles by this author , Edmund ChiongEdmund Chiong More articles by this author , and Chao-Yuan HuangChao-Yuan Huang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002027.15AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the additional value of phi in predicting csPCa in Asian men with elevated PSA and MRI prostate performed. METHODS: This is a multicentre evaluation of prospective databases in men with phi result and MRI-guided targeted and systematic prostate biopsy performed. The additional value of phi to pre-biopsy MRI Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System(PIRADS) version 2 score was evaluated with multivariate analyses and C-statistics(AUC). The proportion of unnecessary biopsies that can be avoided are estimated for csPCa(ISUP group ≥2 PCa). RESULTS: Among the whole cohort of 2014 men without prior PCa diagnosis, 1183 men had pre-biopsy phi results available. The median(interquartile range) age, PSA, Prostate volume(PV), MRI lesion size, highest PIRADS score, targeted and systematic biopsy cores were 67(62-71), 8.0(5.8-11.0)ng/mL, 50.0(36.9-68.0)ml, 11(7-15)mm, 4(3-4), 3(3-4) cores and 12(12-18) cores respectively. Abnormal digital rectal exam(DRE) and Prior negative biopsy was seen in in 20.8% and 36.6% men respectively. PCa and csPCa was diagnosed in 51.3%(607/1183) and 35.3%(417/1181) men. csPCa was diagnosed in 4.7%, 15.5%, 40.1% and 74.2% of PIRADS 2, 3, 4 and 5 lesions respectively. In multivariate analyses, independent predictors for csPCa detection (odd ratio OR, 95%CI) included age(1.06,1.03-1.08), phi(1.04,1.03-1.04), PV(0.97, 0.96-0.98), and PIRADS score(reference PIRADS 2) [PIRADS 3 (3.3, 0.98-11.3), PIRADS 4(8.2, 2.4-27.3), PIRADS 5(21.6, 6.3-74.5)]. AUC of predictors for csPCa were shown in the Table. Using a 5-factor risk score for csPCa in men with PIRADS score 2 or 3, 36.9%(90% sensitivity) and 19.4%(95% sensitivity) biopsies could be avoided. Decision curve analyses showed the 5-factor risk score achieving the best net clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Adding phi test to men with MRI prostate performed improved csPCa prediction, and further reduced unnecessary biopsies using multivariable risk models especially in PIRADS 2 and 3 lesions. The observed benefits were superior to adding PSA density to MRI prostate. Source of Funding: Nil © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e505-e506 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Peter Ka-Fung Chiu More articles by this author Jeffrey J Leow More articles by this author Chih-Hung Chiang More articles by this author Po-Fan Hsieh More articles by this author Wayne Lam More articles by this author Woon-Chau Tsang More articles by this author Yu-Hua Fan More articles by this author Tzu-Ping Lin More articles by this author Yao Zhu More articles by this author Chi-Ho Leung More articles by this author Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh More articles by this author Ding-Wei Ye More articles by this author James Hok-Leung Tsu More articles by this author Chi-Fai Ng More articles by this author Hsi-Chin Wu More articles by this author Teck-Wei Tan More articles by this author Edmund Chiong More articles by this author Chao-Yuan Huang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

A Modulo-Based Computation for Kendall’s Phi Test for 2 by 2 Contingency Table

Kendall’s Phi Test is very important technique in testing whether there exists a significant relation between variables under some known levels of experiments. However, the typical statistical testing would utilise some complex probability distribution for the statistic. In this article, we put forward a computational approach to effectively linearize Kendall’s Phi coefficients based on modulo operation. In our approach, the confidence levels would serve the threshold of the operation. Unlike typical approach which lists the whole distribution of the statistic, our method would concentrate only on the accumulated values needed. Such computation has merits in visualization and programming. In particular, if one is interested in Kendall’s Phi-based test, then this approach could largely reduce the complexity and computational time.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prostate Health Index in Decision Making for Initial Prostate Biopsy.

BackgroundClinical studies have suggested that prostate health index (phi) outperforms prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests in prostate cancer detection. The cost-effectiveness of phi with different cutoffs is poorly understood in the context of decision making for prostate biopsy.MethodsIn a multicenter cohort, 3,348 men with elevated total PSA (tPSA) underwent initial prostate biopsy from August 2013 to May 2019. We constructed a decision model to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of different phi cutoffs. Total costs and reimbursement payments were based on the fee schedule of Shanghai Basic Medical Insurance and converted into United States dollars ($). Two willingness-to-pay thresholds were estimated as one or three times the average gross domestic product per capita of China ($7,760 or $23,279, respectively).ResultsThe total costs of prostate biopsy and PSA tests were estimated at $315 and $19, respectively. The cost of phi test varied between $72 to $130 in different medical centers. Under different phi cutoffs (from 23 to 35), phi test predicted reductions of 420 (21.7%) to 972 (50.2%) in unnecessary biopsies, with a total gain of 23.77–57.58 quality adjusted life-years compared to PSA tests. All the cutoffs would be cost-effective for patients with tPSA levels of 2–10 ng/ml. Applying 27 as the cutoff was cost-effective for each tPSA range, with missing positive cases ranging from 11 (3.4%) to 33 (11.5%).ConclusionsUsing phi test was cost-effective in the decision-making process for initial prostate biopsy, especially for patients with tPSA values between 2–10 ng/ml. The phi cutoff of 27 was cost-effective regardless of tPSA ranges and should be recommended from a health-economic perspective.

Students' perceptions regarding classroom attendance and its impact on their academic performance: evidence from a developing country

PurposeThe purposes of this study are to identify the reasons that prevent students from attending lectures, to examine the impact of absenteeism on their academic performance and to explore the role of gender in their attendance.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey made up of statements was distributed to accounting students. Descriptive measures, a five-point Likert scale, Pearson's chi-square test and phi test were employed to achieve the study's objectives.FindingsThe study shows that most of the accounting students surveyed are aware of the importance of attending lectures, since they believe that attendance will have a positive impact on their understanding of course material and on their academic performance. The study indicates that overall academic performance and student attendance are related. It also indicates that there is a statistically significant association between the overall academic performance of accounting students and their gender.Practical implicationsTo gain greater insight into educators, academic institutes, researchers and parents concerning the reasons that lie behind students not attending accounting lectures in public higher education institutions in Kuwait and the effect of attendance on academic performance.Originality/valueMost prior studies have been conducted in developed countries and Western contexts. Especially, with the potential perceived differences in cultures and norms, this empirical study is expected to contribute to fill the gap in this research field.

303 - Clinical utility and cost-modelling of the PHI test to triage referrals into image based diagnostic services for suspected prostate cancer: The PRIM (Phi to RefIne Mri) multi-centre study

303 - Clinical utility and cost-modelling of the PHI test to triage referrals into image based diagnostic services for suspected prostate cancer: The PRIM (Phi to RefIne Mri) multi-centre study