Phenomenon Of Unemployment Research Articles

Youth unemployment phenomenon in Indonesia: a growing threat to food security and social stability.

Youth unemployment phenomenon in Indonesia: a growing threat to food security and social stability.

Autonomy and Care: Bioethical Principles for Understanding Masculinities in Unemployed Men

Introduction: This study proposes an interdiscursive perspective between bioethics and the social and human sciences to understand the phenomenon of unemployment from the male perspective. The objective of the study is to analyse the bioethical principles of autonomy and care for the understanding of masculinity in unemployed men. Method: Qualitative case study from Yin's perspective with a hermeneutic approach, through in-depth interviews with a narrative biographical emphasis. Seven heterosexual men from Bogota, without employment and with family, were recruited through a combined purposive and convenience sampling process. Thematic analysis of the data was carried out after open coding of the narratives, which allowed the construction of families and emerging categories. Results: The main findings revolve around the principles of autonomy and care as macro categories of the social and human sciences and bioethics from a comprehensive perspective. Discussion: The analysis of the bioethical principles of autonomy and care provides key elements to build interdiscursive and interdisciplinary bridges between bioethics and the social and human sciences. It does this by addressing the social phenomenon of unemployment in men and its implications in the rupture of mental and contextual models of men that contribute to the understanding of masculinities.

Unpacking the black box: Investigating the role of social protection programmes in promoting decent work and economic growth in low‐income countries

AbstractThis study investigates the intricate nexus between low‐income countries, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the multifaceted phenomenon of unemployment. Amid the global endeavour to achieve SDGs, these marginalised nations assume a pivotal role, confronting distinctive challenges and opportunities. We employ meticulous analysis and structural equation modelling techniques to unveil a complex network of relationships among diverse socio‐economic indicators and unemployment across 27 low‐income countries, encompassing nations such as Afghanistan, Zambia, and others. Our empirical findings underscore the paramount importance of economic advancement, as epitomised by GDP per capita, in fostering employment prospects. Concurrently, environmental endeavours, epitomised by CO2 emissions, underscore the potential of green employment in mitigating unemployment. Investments in education and healthcare, as indicated by primary completion rates and life expectancy, emerge as pivotal determinants of employability. Moreover, access to clean energy sources and mobile cellular subscriptions indirectly influence unemployment rates, underscoring the multifaceted nature of the issue. Furthermore, our analysis reveals the intricate interplay between economic progress and social well‐being. These insights give policymakers invaluable direction, stressing the significance of tailored strategies that harness education, healthcare, technology, and environmental initiatives to alleviate unemployment, cultivate inclusive growth, and advance the overarching aspirations of sustainable development in low‐income countries.

UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL AS A TRIGGER FOR THREATS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF COUNTRIES (ОN THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES)

The phenomenon of unemployment is characteristic of almost all developed countries, and the issues of unemployment regulation remain the most important at the macro and micro levels of public policy. Unemployment is one of the most important indicators of the general state of a country's economy. The authors of the article drew a connection between the unemployment rate in Russia and European countries and the state of economic and national security of the states. Pyramids of the security levels of Russia and the EU countries are proposed. The characteristics of the labour market of the European countries and the Russian Federation are considered with an emphasis on the diversity of the regions. It has been established that the unemployment rate in the developed countries is connected with the processes of globalisation and digitalisation, with the geopolitical situation, and can be an economic trigger that has provoked fundamental changes in the modern labour market, the state of human capital and social tensions in the world countries. A number of universal measures are proposed to strengthen the national and economic security of countries.

Youth Entrepreneurship: Essential Tool for Socio-economic Development and Growth

A consistent surge in the population of young people in prior years made it imperative for attention to issues related to youth unemployment to transcend national borders to include regional and global levels. Thus, issues related to youth, specifically youth unemployment, gained global recognition several decades ago. However, the decades-long initiatives of the United Nations to address youth unemployment challenges have yielded little or no socio-economic results. The purpose of this research was to examine the implications of youth unemployment rates for national and global unemployment rates during the research period. The quantitative approach to scientific inquiry was adapted and used in the study. Specifically, a cross-sectional design formed the basis of the research. Data required for the conduct of the research were obtained mainly from secondary sources. These included textbooks, peer-reviewed articles published in journals and grey literature from youth advocates. Other sources were Google Search Engine, including Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana’s Ministry of Youth and Sports, UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNCTAD, UNFPA, UNDP, OECD and EU, and electronic databases of the World Bank, ILO and Commonwealth, among other significant sources. Respective data on Ghana’s annual youth unemployment rates and national unemployment rates from 2000 through 2019, as well as respective 2019 national youth unemployment rates and national unemployment rates for one hundred and eighty-seven (187) economies, were used in the research. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to describe the research variables and to evaluate their behaviour over the stated time frame on national and global unemployment rates. The study revealed that widespread joblessness is taking an adverse toll on this generation’s ability to contribute its meaningful quota towards a prosperous, happy and healthy future. The level of progress made in business development by most advanced, emerging and developing economies was not found to have a strong relationship with youth-centred policies and programmes. As of 2016, the United States and Canada had no national youth policy. Findings from the research revealed a positive and significant relationship between the youth unemployment rate and national unemployment rate (coefficient value = 0.489206843; p = 0.000, p < 0.05) and a positive but non-significant relationship between global youth unemployment rate and global unemployment rate (coefficient value = 0.447986211; p = 4.60249, p > 0.05). Youth unemployment rate accounted for about 52.97% of the variation in national unemployment rate; while global youth unemployment rate accounted for about 86.05% of the variation in global unemployment rate during the period. The statistical analysis confirmed and validated, to a large extent, the severity of the youth unemployment phenomenon at the national level, a clarion call for active participation of the youth in policy formulation and implementation process, and the need for expeditious implementation of youth intervention programmes such as youth entrepreneurship to assure effective participation of the youth in the national development agenda. There is an urgent need for global economies to thoroughly examine their existing financing models and emerge with financial products tailored to address the specific financial needs of participating young people to ensure the success of intended youth development programmes. Encouraging performance-based lending to the neglect of collateral-based lending would draw each economy closer to the realisation of this objective. Embedding youth entrepreneurial initiatives in well-rehearsed and thought-out national youth policy and walking the talk through practical implementation would facilitate the transformation of current and projected increase in regional and world youth populations from socio-economic liabilities to competitive, productive and invaluable assets at the national, sub-regional, regional and global levels.

THE DETERMINANTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT REVISITED – EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON OECD

Unemployment is a serious economic problem that has repercussions for people, families, and entire civilizations. It is a dynamic phenomenon with immediate and long-term implications for individuals and society. As a result, understanding unemployment and its causes is critical for politicians, economists, and academics seeking to create effective measures to alleviate its harmful consequences. It is critical to acknowledge the complexities of unemployment to establish successful policies and programs that address its core causes. The goal of this research paper is to conduct a quantitative analysis of the main determinants of unemployment in The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, considering demographic, governmental, economic growth, and cultural factors, as well as the period of Financial and Economic Crisis (2008-2009), to determine their impact and the evolution of unemployment, which countries have the most promising results, and who are the outliers. As a result, during a 26-year period, pooled OLS, FEM, and REM methods have been applied to a panel database. Additionally, member states are clustered based on the factors of interest and subsampled depending on the year of joining the OECD. A comparative case study regarding the differences between European Union’s and OECD’s unemployment situation is presented as well. Previous research, on the other hand, has frequently concentrated on individual criteria, such as education level or job experience, without considering the larger economic, social, and political issues that might impact unemployment rates. Therefore, findings in this study are novel when compared to the previous literature in the subject, and they bring a new dimension to our knowledge of the unemployment phenomenon.

Unemployment of parents — one of the poverty causes in families with children

Families with children in Russia are at high risk of poverty. The economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and the sanctions imposed in spring 2022 make social policy a priority. It is necessary to pay a stronger attention to groups of population at higher risk of poverty. In recent years the support for families with children has been strengthened and the circle of potential recipients of assistance expanded (raising the age of children, lifting restrictions on the type of family). Additional support measures provided to families with children to reduce the negative effects of the crisis helped to alleviate the severity of poverty but did not change the position of families with children on the welfare scale, they are still the largest group of the poor (according to Rosstat they make 80% of all poor households). It seems important to identify the main factors of poverty of families with children, which include, not least, the limited employment of parents. The main purpose of the study is to show, using the data of the statistical survey (HBS-2019), the scale of unemployment and its impact on families with children as well as gender characteristics of the phenomenon of unemployment. Financial assistance to families with children should be combined with work to activate the actions of families for self-sufficiency.

Indonesia’s Youth Unemployment Rate: Evidence from Sakernas Data

Unemployment is a problem that is often faced by every country, including Indonesia. The phenomenon of unemployment in Indonesia shows that a highly educated population does not necessarily have a job, especially in the young age group. This study aims to determine the factors that affect young educated unemployment in Indonesia. This study used variable levels of education, training, experience, major of education, gender, geographical area and urban/rural classification. Using the National Labour Force Survey (SAKERNAS) 2019, provided by Central Statistical Agency, this research employs a logistic regression model. The results showed that 50.99% of the young educated people in Indonesia did not have a job. All variables in this study have a significant effect on young educated unemployment in Indonesia. The quality of education needs to be improved so that the competitiveness of the Indonesian workforce increases, and self-development programs can help reduce the youth-educated unemployment rate.

Comment on “Transforming Malaysia's Higher Education: Policies and Progress”

Investment in education is right as regarded one of the most important strategies for social and economic development in the long term. Historically, the private and social returns to schooling are higher at the primary and secondary levels compared to the tertiary level. However, as countries become more developed and wealthier, the returns to tertiary education could exceed that of primary education (Psacharopoulos and Patrinos, 2018). As Malaysia heads towards graduating from middle-income status, human capital development is a key policy the country's Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021–2025 (12MP, see Malaysia, 2021). For tertiary education, the goal is to improve the quality of universities. In this regard, Tham and Chong (2023) provide a timely assessment of the quality and policy challenges to improve the quality of higher education in Malaysia. A key policy challenge highlighted by Tham and Chong is how to measure the quality of higher education. As they rightly point out, the official performance indicators used such as use of selective international university rankings are clearly problematic given that the paradox of high rankings juxtaposed with under-employment of university graduates. Furthermore, they also opine that the implementation of quality assurance and accreditation systems have not ensured the quality of teaching in universities. In reflecting the challenges facing higher education in Malaysia, it is worth examining some of the key institutional and political factors as well as constraints that have shaped the trajectory of the sector in Malaysia. These include the impacts of affirmative action policies (the New Economic Policy [NEP], and its successor variants) in both student intake and faculty hiring in public universities. Ethnic (Bumiputra vs. non-Bumiputra and regional [Peninsular vs. Sabah and Sarawak]) dimensions continue to be emphasized in the 12MP. In addition, the effects of the use of Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language) as the medium of instruction at all levels of education continue to be debated. In the past, this language requirement in teaching had also limited opportunities for hiring foreign academics. The liberalization of higher education in the 1980s was partly undertaken in response to such policies. Furthermore, the subsequent internationalization of higher education created more space for the role of market forces which mitigate some of these policies. Although the emergence and development of private higher education have invigorated higher education in Malaysia, it has created a dualistic system that raises issues related in inequality. The issues of quality and inequality are intertwined. More studies are needed on the quality gap between public and private higher education in Malaysia and the extent to which it has exacerbated inequality. This has also implications of social cohesion. Needless to say, the quality of higher education in Malaysia greatly depends on the quality of primary and secondary students. The performance of Malaysian students (15 years old) in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests indicate that their performance is lower than expected given its income level (World Bank, 2019). Any assessment of the quality of higher education outputs will need to consider the quality of the student intake (ex-ante). Thus, the transformation of higher education will require reforms of primary and secondary education as a necessary pre-condition. Finally, any assessment of the quality of higher education needs to consider whether universities are producing graduates and research that meet industry needs. The phenomenon of unemployment and underemployment amongst domestic graduates suggests this is a serious problem. In upgrading the pool of skilled workers in Malaysia, the Malaysian government should also re-examine the potential benefit of facilitating the absorption of skilled foreign students educated in Malaysian universities. This would be part of a required re-orientation of the country's labor policies which are currently in favor of importing relatively low-skilled workers. Such policies also need to address the long-term structural changes in the Malaysian economy in terms of the rise of services, the relative decline of the manufacturing sector, global value chain participation, and the digital transformation. These and other issues need to be addressed for another reason—tackling the brain drain problem that involves the emigration of skilled Malaysian workers to more developed economies such as Singapore, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

An Analysis of the Involution of Finance College Students

More and more finance undergraduates cannot find a job, and even some graduate students are facing difficulties in finding a job. Involution which is used to describe any walk of life or everyone who tries desperately to improve himself or herself to increase his or her advantage over others. The industry of finance has a very low threshold for domestic universities, and every university and even the junior college has finance as a major. Therefore, the threshold of financial learning is very low, but the threshold of financial industry is very high, which requires people's professional ability, communication ability and emotional intelligence. As a result, many undergraduates do not meet the requirements of various financial jobs, which leads to the phenomenon of unemployment after graduation. This paper finds out that because of the low threshold of finance and people's limited understanding of finance, they do not know whether they are suitable for this major, so they can make their resume look gorgeous through various ways in the later stage.

Social protection of the unemployed: realities of today

The work deals with current issues of social protection of the unemployed in today's conditions. It is noted that the phenomenon of unemployment is the most acute problem faced by the population of Ukraine today. If previously the cause of such a widespread phenomenon was the inefficiency of the use of labor in the past and the lack of economic conditions that would allow people to apply their skills in productive work for a decent wage, today it is war. Unemployment in Ukraine is becoming massive and poses a real threat to state and social well-being. Today, the labor market in Ukraine is rather unstable, the number of jobs is decreasing and the imbalance between labor supply and demand is increasing, and a high level of unemployment is expected. The problem of unemployment is a key issue in the market economy, and if it is not solved, it will be impossible to establish the efficient operation of the economy and the level of unemployment will increase. And therefore, protection against unemployment should be an integral part of state policy aimed at solving important social and economic problems. The employment policy should guarantee the social protection of the population by ensuring adequate living conditions, regulating wages, stimulating new jobs and paying benefits to the unemployed, etc. It was concluded that the key to solving the problem of unemployment in Ukraine should be the development and implementation of a wide range of appropriate measures. This, and bringing the legislation of Ukraine in line with international norms and principles, and the implementation of State and regional employment programs, and the promotion of stable activities of strategically important enterprises, and the creation of favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activities of the unemployed, as well as the development of short-term plans for the relocation or reorientation of some enterprises, assistance to businesses that cannot pay wages to employees and taxes due to hostilities. Increasing the level of employment should become a central issue of post-war reconstruction, reintegration and processes of returning to peace.

The Impact of Unemployment on the Economy in Indonesia

The Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) is an indicator that can be used to measure the level of supply of labor that is not used or not absorbed by the labor market. However, compared to conditions a year ago, TPT decreased by 0.58% percent from 7.07% to 6.49%. The phenomenon of unemployment is still an interesting problem to study and study in accordance with economic developments in society. By using qualitative research methods with a deductive thinking approach. This research shows that unemployment occurs because, among other things, the number of jobs available is smaller than the number of job seekers. Also, the competence of job seekers is not in line with the job market. In addition, there is also a lack of effective job market information for job seekers.

The Impact of Governance in Reducing the Phenomenon of Unemployment: An Exploratory Study in the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Antiquities

The Impact of Governance in Reducing the Phenomenon of Unemployment: An Exploratory Study in the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Antiquities

Fenomena Pengangguran Terbuka di Kabupaten Aceh Barat

This article aims to discuss the phenomenon of open unemployment in West Aceh District seen from the variable factors of the minimum wage and the human development index (IPM). The problem with the phenomenon of open unemployment that occurs is the large number of open unemployed graduates caused by minimum wage factors and the human development index (IPM). The research method used is a secondary time series data type in the period 2012-2020. This research is a quantitative study using a multiple linear regression analysis model. The results of the study show that the minimum wage in West Acah Regency has a significant negative effect on open unemployment and for the Human Development Index (IPM) it has a significant negative effect on open unemployment.

University Students’ Awareness of the ‘Business Incubators’ Concept and Their Role in Advancing Socio-Economic Development

This study aims to identify the university students in the United Arab Emirates who are aware of the concept of ‘business incubators’, and their role in enhancing socio-economic development. Moreover, the research sample is 150 students from Al Ain University during the first semester of 2020/2021. Additionally, study goals are achieved by using a descriptive analysis that employs personality interview. Hence, the research’s results reveal that there is a medium level of awareness about the concept of business incubators as economic development projects. Most students believe that business incubators are one of the best social policies, which are adopted by first world countries. In fact, most of the students’ responses in the Human and Social colleges focus in reducing the phenomenon of unemployment, which helps to mitigate poverty, crime. In addition, it helps to minimize unemployment, which is associated with depression that may lead young people to undergo deviation. Eventually, young people who are considered essential elements in society, are able to adopt the concept of business incubators, and their ideas can contribute in the development of qualitative and innovative projects that promote the state and protect it from global crises as well as security and social stability. This study provides recommendations and suggestions for further research.

The Importance of the Islamic Economy and Finance in Combating Poverty and Unemployment

This article seeks to examine the role of the Islamic economy and finance in combating the phenomena of poverty and unemployment in Muslim countries. It also proposes mechanisms to address the problem of unemployment through Islamic banks with the aim of achieving economic development and social solidarity, as well as through the alms (Zakat) fund by establishing special funds to finance investment projects needed by the unemployed. Moreover, it studies the crisis of unemployment, as the article shows the role of waqf (which is an Islamic endowment of property to be held in trust and used for a charitable or religious purpose) as an economic institution that can provide jobs for its performers, and provide jobs through projects. The study also shows how the Islamic economy can address the problem of poverty (through zakat and waqf), by giving good loans, to finance small projects, as well as by providing social and economic services to the poor and needy.

الجامعة المستنصرية / كلية الادارة والاقتصاد

The importance of the research emerges from the fact that it discusses the most prominent problems that Iraqi society suffers from, which is unemployment, especially among university graduates, given the danger of its continuation and the difficulties it may bring in light of the imbalance between education outputs and the requirements of the labor market, as the rapid expansion of university education, especially after the year 2003 and the drop in investment rates as a result of poor planning, unstable security and political conditions, as well as financial and administrative corruption, are the compound reasons for the increase in graduate unemployment rates and the inability of the labor market to absorb their increasing numbers. We proceeded in our research from the hypothesis that: “The failure of the higher education system to be guided by market data and to adapt to its needs led to a severe dissonance between its outputs and the inputs required for the continuation and development of economic activity, which led to the expansion of the phenomenon of unemployment and the intertwining of its threads, turning from a problem into a dilemma. The development vision, increasing the intensity of work and starting to build major projects, in addition to activating the role of the private sector in investment and production. Finally, the research aims to shed light on the analysis of graduates’ unemployment and how to rehabilitate and develop the educated category of young people to serve the requirements of the labor market and respond to the needs of comprehensive development.

WHY WE HAVE UNEMPLOYMENT?

The article examines the issue of unemployment, which affects the quality of life in all countries, regardless of their level of development. In some countries, many people have to earn a living through long hours of hard and tiring physical work, perhaps even through dangerous and poorly paid work. Until recently, many people in other countries were sure that once they joined a large company or a state-owned enterprise, they would have a job until retirement. Today, however, it seems that there are too few companies or corporations that can provide a convenient and safe job for employees. The causes of the problem, its magnitude for different social categories, the magnitude and some ways of combating the phenomenon of unemployment are elucidated.

Technological unemployment – who is afraid of losing their job to a robot?

Objective: The study aimed to identify, analyse and assess the mood regarding the possibility of employees losing their jobs and being replaced with robots and regarding methods of preventing technological unemployment. Methodology: In March 2021, an online survey of a group of economically active adults in Poland (N=158) was carried out. Using the Internet, the standardised survey was addressed to people selected by the author. Results: The research has shown that employees are not afraid of losing their jobs, yet almost 90% of respondents plan to increase their competencies. People in managerial positions focus on developing cognitive and social competencies, while people in other positions plan to develop technical competencies. Research limitations: The research did not include unemployed and digitally excluded people. The research sample was selected by the author. Therefore, we do not extrapolate the results to the general public. Practical implications: The study shows that employees do not yet fully perceive the problem of technological unemployment. However, when planning their development, they learn independently or choose courses. Low interest in developing competencies in studies may signal that universities should make changes in their pedagogical offering. Novelty: Most research in the field of technological unemployment deals with the description of a business phenomenon or perspective. There is relatively little research on attitudes and reactions of human capital to the phenomenon of technological unemployment. Keywords: technological unemployment, competencies, human capital, Industry 4.0Classification:research paper

A delayed model of unemployment with a general nonlinear recruitment rate

This article examines unemployment phenomenon using delay differential equations. Our objective consists in evaluating the influence of the delay and recruitment function on the stability of the equilibrium. We propose a nonlinear function of general type. The dynamics of this model is analyzed by constructing a Lyapunov function. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium. Next, we demonstrate the overall stability of this equilibrium. Finally, we present some numerical examples (bilinear function, with separate variables and general) to illustrate and compare our results in different situations.