Phenomenon Of Procrastination Research Articles

DIE REZEPTION DER MARGINALITÄT IN DER POSTMODERNEN ÄSTHETIK: PATRICK SÜSKINDS VISION

The purpose of the article is to trace the fictional features of the reception of marginality through the prism of social communication of the main characters in Patrik Süskind`s texts “Der Kontrabass”, “Das Parfüm”, “Die Taube”, “Die Geschichte von Herrn Sommer”. The task is to find out the signs of marginalization of the main characters, to understand their symbolic essence, to determine the triggers that provoked the “borderline” state of a person, and the literary techniques used by the author to reveal the problem of marginality. Historical-literary, cultural-historical, hermeneutic, comparative research methods, sociological approach in the study of marginality were used in this investigation. The concept of “marginality” is interpreted as the presence of an individual in a borderline, peripheral state in relation to other social or professional communities. In the works of Patrick Süskind, within the framework of postmodern aesthetics, a type of marginal hero is invented, and some variations of him are built. The key motif in reproducing the mechanism of marginalization of characters in P. Süskind`s stories is the motif of loneliness in its various manifestations: the seclusion of the hero, his alienation from society, sociophobe. It was found that the image of a marginal hero is not typical, Süskind’s characters are different: the contrabass player is a procrastinator, the perfumer Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is a brilliant criminal, the bank guard Jonathan Noel is a modernized image of a “man in a case”, the eccentric traveler Herr Sommer is a sociophobe. The last literary character is open to the world (three other characters can be described as “recluses”). The image of Grenouille is a simulacrum, and as for other literary characters, readers can find their prototypes in real life. It is emphasized that the author forces readers to look at the problem of marginality in a new way: these are not only scum but also creative people who somehow ended up in the peripheral state of a certain professional or social community. Such creative natures appeared in Süskind’s texts as a contrabass player and a perfumer – in order to clarify the mechanism and features of their marginalization, the author reconstructed the professional environment in the historical context in detail. The author`s reproduction of the specifics of the behavior of marginal heroes is traced: from mental suffering to suicide, with an emphasis on determining the triggers that provoked suicide. The analysis of Süskind’s works shows that the extreme forms of marginalization of literary characters caused the psychological trauma experienced by the characters. The writer is guided by deep knowledge of psychology, in particular, the theory of psychoanalysis, the phenomenon of procrastination, and suicidal behavior. The article decodes the socio-historical background, which is present as a dotted line in each of Patrick Süskind’s stories. They take place in Germany and France in the second half of the 20th century (in the novel “Perfume” – in the French city of the 18th century). Undoubtedly, the author, who is apolitical in the public sphere, consistently condemns the war, Nazism and its manifestations in all his texts. P. Süskind posed to the readers numerous questions relevant to German society: overcoming the legacy of Nazism, for instance, in music, the impact of the Holocaust on the psyche and fate of its victims, re-evaluation of the value system and the role of art in it. Such fictional techniques of postmodernism as the “multilayering” of the texts, their open ending, irony, parody, allusions, the reception of binary oppositions, the motif of energy vampirism, materialism, the blurring of genre boundaries, etc. made it possible to realize author’s ideas.

PROCRASTINATION AS A FACTOR OF EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE FUTURE

The relevance of studying the phenomenon of procrastination and its causes is constantly increasing In connection with the development and acceleration of scientific and technical progress. Modern society is oriented towards achievements. A person is constantly in the conditions of fulfilling obligations, which require compliance with deadlines. Issues of personal effectiveness, achievement of success and well-being are especially important. But staying in these conditions is increasingly reduced to procrastination, a phenomenon that becomes an obstacle to personal and professional effectiveness. The above forms the high interest of the scientific community to the study of the phenomenon of procrastination. The article highlights the phenomenon of procrastination – a great psychological phenomenon that focuses not only on violations of the emotional and volitional sphere of the individual or psychological defenses. The article is also filled with a meaningful analysis of types of procrastination (domestic, that is, daily; neurotic; academic; compulsive) and consideration of their specific features. The determinants of procrastination and its serious consequences, which are traced as a certain psychological state, are considered: stress, a strong decrease in motivation, an obsessive sense of guilt, loss of productivity, and a decrease in self-esteem. It was revealed that the problem lies in the negative consequences of procrastination on a person's professional activity, on a decrease in personal productivity, work capacity, which is manifested in an acute emotional experience of personal failure and dissatisfaction with one's own work, as well as one's own results in the professional environment. Being as a stable model of behavior, procrastination is quite difficult to correct, the work will be effective only if the cause of the problem is determined and a person realizes what internal resources and potential he has.

ПРОКРАСТИНАЦИЯ ЖӘНЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛДЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ БАЙЛАНЫСЫНЫҢ САНДЫҚ ЗЕРТТЕУІ

Abstract. The article presents the results of a quantitative study of the relationship between the phenomenon of procrastination and the level of emotional intelligence of students. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to recognize, understand and manage one's own and others' emotions. In modern psychology and other fields, emotional intelligence has entered the list of most needed competencies. As for the concept of procrastination, it is considered as factor that stimulates the process of self-determination in the personal, social, everyday life and professional spheres of a modern person. Translated from the English, the word "procrastination" means "postponing". According to several foreign studies, this phenomenon includes emotional, behavioral and motivational components. In addition, procrastination increases the level of anxiety and stress in a person, as the result person engages in unnecessary stress-reducing activities instead of completing meaningful tasks. Unpleasant feelings and frustration arises, because the person realizes that it is impossible to satisfy many needs, in addition, perfectionism begins to arise in such individuals. Nowadays, academic procrastination has reached a high level among modern students. Due to factors such as the increase in information, the increase in the number of technical gadgets, social networks take up a lot of time, the correct use of time has become difficult for many students. Emotional intelligence, due to the correct understanding of one's own emotional state and emotions, allows to prevent stress and turn to personal effectiveness. Emotional intelligence is based on personality traits such as self-awareness, self-control and motivation. As a result of the study, it was found that perfectionism allows you to understand and manage emotions, and also helps to establish quality relationships with other people. Keywords: emotional intelligence, procrastination, personality traits, motivation, selforganization.

DISPOSITIONAL FACTORS OF PROPENSITY TO PROCRASTINATION IN YOUTH

The article deals with the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination and its interpretation in psychology and the empirical study of the main factors of the manifestations of procrastination in youth under the conditions of distance learning. The research used a set of complementary methods and techniques: theoretical: analysis, synthesis, and generalization of scientists' views on procrastination; empirical: "General Procrastination Scale (GPS), Clarry H. Lay", "Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, ZTPI”, self-organization of activity questionnaire (OSD), "Maslach Burnout Inventory", (MВI) K. Maslach, S. Jackson, "Test of Self-Conscious Affect" (TOSCA) J.P. Tangney, "Capacity for self-management" by M. Peysakhov, “Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of Control Scale”, mathematical statistics: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (Spearman's rho); factor analysis (Principal components). It is noted that scientists rightly draw attention to the fact that procrastination can refer not only to delaying the start of action but also to any stage of its implementation, and the least agreed upon in science are questions about the irrationality and awareness of procrastination and the degree of importance of the task postponed for later. It is shown that procrastination is an ambiguously negative phenomenon: 1) it is possible to postpone matters for later with a strategic goal: to use the time for thorough preparation for its implementation; 2) "for later" is not the same as "untimely" or "not to fulfill"; 3) not important tasks are postponed more often, but tasks imposed on the executor from the outside, but subjectively uninteresting to him. According to the results of our research, we can assume that a person prone to procrastination: burns out faster; is external; with a poorly developed ability to self-regulate in general and its components in particular; does not know how to structure time adequately; with no plans for the future; with insufficient ability to self-manage; does not feel guilty for his inactivity, and is not proud of himself. It is concluded that the most researched in psychology is academic procrastination, while general procrastination is currently rarely the object of investigation; a complete, justifiable, and acceptable for most scholars studying the problem of procrastination understanding of procrastination that takes into account its various aspects is still under development.

Characteristics of Procrastination among Students in an Academic Context: A Qualitative Study

This research aimed to examine the experiences of students about the phenomenon of procrastination, investigating the following questions: Are students familiar with this phenomenon and do they report forms of behavior that can be characterized as procrastination? What are the reasons for such behavior? How does procrastination affect their emotions? Does procrastination negatively affect their psychophysical health? And finally, how do they deal with the negative consequences of procrastination? The study included 35 students from the Faculty of Teaching, University "Džemal Bijedić" in Mostar. Qualitative research was carried out to obtain answers to the questions posed. Through focus groups with students, the following topics were brought up to date: sources of procrastination, the consequences of such behavior on the psychophysical health of students, and the adaptation of students to such behavior. The results showed that students tend to procrastinate. The sources of procrastination were mainly the lack of motivation for work, poor organization of time, preoccupation with other, more interesting things, fatigue, tasks that were too easy, as well as the flexibility of professors to extend the deadlines for the completion of the tasks. Also, students reported that such behavior negatively affected their psychophysical health, however, despite this, they are not motivated to change it.

Procrastination among students of Polish universities. Protective and predisposing factors

IntroductionProcrastination is a widely recognized phenomenon that can be defined as a tendency to delay important life activities and decisions. This seems to be a common issue among schoolchildren and students, however is not limited to those populations and may also be observed among other social groups. Research shows that the indices of the occurence of procrastination may reach even as much as 20-25% of the total population. However, the frequency of the phenomenon seems to be considerably higher among academic environment.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the association between the phenomenon of procrastination and the individual’s resiliency, sense of coherence and the development of the identity.MethodsA web-based questionnaire study was performed on a random sample of Polish students of various fields of study, aged 18-30 years. A 131-item questionnaire was built based on an original questionnaire and four standardized tools for the assessment of procrastination tendencies, resiliency, sense of coherence and the development of the identity (polish-Kwestionariusz Zwlekania-KZ), the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire-SOC-29, the Ego Resiliency Scale, The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale- DIDS).ResultsThis questionnaire study included 294 participants, median age 22 (IQR=21-24). Mature forms of identity development (meaning the commitment making (CM) and identification with commitment (IC)) correlated negatively with the occurence of procrastination (R=-0,186, p<0.005 for CM; R=-0.288, p<0.05 for IC). Ruminative exploration (RE) correlated positively with tendency to procrastinate (R=0.218, p<0.05). Procrastination correlated negatively with the resiliency evaluation (R=-0.229, p<0.05) and the optimal regulation(OR) assessment (R=-0.255, p<0.05). All the SOC-29 domains along with its total score correlated negatively with the tendency to procrastinate (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionsBased on the conducted study, there seem to be measurable psychological benefits regarding the individual’s personal performance resulting from a proper psychoeducation in the field of procrastination.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Subjective prerequisites for the manifestation of procrastination in students technical university

Introduction. Modern living conditions require a person to be mobile, have a high level of self-organization, the ability to act quickly in conditions of uncertainty, and be able to competently organize their work. Penetrating into all processes of human life, information technologies cause an increasing severity of the phenomenon of procrastination in the youth environment. The purpose of the study is to study the relationship of procrastination with personal characteristics and methods of self-organization of the activities of students of a technical university. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (N = 114), using diagnostic tools: the questionnaire «Degree of procrastination severity» by M. A. Kiseleva, N. E. Shustova, O.V. Karina, questionnaire «Self-organization of activity» (OSD) E. Yu. Mandrikova, questionnaire «Big Five», BFI-2 R. McCrae, P. Costa. The study used the methods of mathematical statistics: Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, correlation analysis, factorial analysis, Student's t-test. Results. It was revealed that students of a technical university have all indicators of procrastination and selforganization of activity at an average level. Significantly significant differences between boys and girls were found. In the group of girls, the level of procrastination is higher than in the group of men (tcrit=3,6; p=0,01), the level of anxiety is also higher (tcrit=4,2; p=0,01), negative emotionality prevails (tcrit= 5,0; p=0.001), aesthetic sense is more developed (tcrit=3,8; p=0,01). Young men demonstrate higher purposefulness (tcrit=-2,3; p=0,05) and perseverance in achieving goals (tcrit=-2,1; p=0,05). There is a relationship between procrastination, selfregulation of activity and personal characteristics. To a greater extent, the student's procrastination is caused by motivational insufficiency, anxiety and conscientiousness. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was proved that the procrastination of young people is determined by personal characteristics and underdevelopment of skills for self-regulation of activities. In view of the fact that many students are aware of the problem of their procrastination, there is a need for targeted work on the correction and prevention of procrastination.

RESEARCH OF PROCRASTINATION AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE PERSONALITY TRAITS

Abstract. The article is devoted to the phenomenon of procrastination. The first works on the problem of procrastination appeared in the late 90's of XX century. There is no a single view on the definition and properties of the phenomenon of procrastination. In the psychological literature, this term is usually understood as the conscious postponement of the subject's planned actions, despite the fact that it will cause certain problems. Based on the theoretical and empirical data, it was hypothesized that there is a link between personality traits (hypochondria, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizophrenia, hypomania) and propensity to procrastinate.The sample consisted of students aged 18 to 23 years. (61 respondents.) General Procrastination Scale (Lay), Procrastination Scale (Tuckman), "Mini-Mult" (adapted by V.P. Zaitsev and V.N. Kozyul) were used in the study. It is proved that procrastination is influenced by such personality traits as hypochondria, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia, hypomania etc. The further prospects for studying the phenomenon can include studing the methods of overcoming procrastinating tendencies, as well as investigating the positive side of this aspect.

COPING STRATEGIES AND MAINTAINING PRODUCTIVITY IN STRESSFUL SITUATIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of theoretical and empirical research of students’ coping strategies and the connection of coping with the preservation of productivity and high functionality in stressful situations (in relation to the results of diagnosis of students’ procrastination). Theoretical analysis of the specifics of the effectiveness of coping strategies is presented. The empirical study involved 66 students of 2-4 courses. Diagnosis of coping tension was performed using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, WCQ (R. Lazarus) and "Tuckman General Procrastination Scale (adapted by T. L. Kryukova)". The results of an empirical study of students' coping have been analyzed. It has been found that the most often behavioral strategies to which students apply are: planning (57.5%) and positive reassessment (56.6%); the search for social support, acceptance of responsibility and self-control are equally pronounced (31.8%); distancing, avoidance, and confrontational coping are less common. The severity and dominance of coping strategies in groups of respondents with different levels of procrastination have been analyzed. According to the results, the most developed behavioral strategies for students with low procrastination are positive reassessment and planning (the latter is more often represented by the dominant strategy). Among the group with a medium level of procrastination, these two copings are also equally pronounced. However, there is a lack of tension in other, active behavioral strategies. Among people with a high level of procrastination, the statistical predominance of one or another coping is not recorded, we widely observe the severity of only one or two strategies, or low tension of all presented copings. After analyzing the dominant copings of people with low procrastination, a hypothesis was formulated about the possible inverse correlation between the severity of positive revaluation and procrastination, the test was performed by mathematical data processing (Spearman's correlation analysis). No significant correlations were found, so the hypothesis was not confirmed. The results of empirical research can be used both to develop recommendations, developmental and educational activities aimed at preventing the decline in productivity and efficiency, and to highlight the understudied topic of the links between coping strategies and the phenomenon of procrastination.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCRASTINATION AND CREATIVE THINKING

The article considers the issue of the relationship between the phenomenon of procrastination and creative thinking. One of the most common factors that hinder personal and professional effectiveness is procrastination. There is a hypothesis that people with high levels of procrastination have correspondingly well-developed creative thinking, which endows them with the ability to solve problems outside the box and quickly adapt to situations.1 We consider procrastination as a psychological pattern of behavior characterized by person's delaying planned actions or decision-making followed by negative emotional experiences. Literature analysis has shown that procrastination influences creative activity, which leads to the assumption that people with higher levels of procrastination have a higher level of creativity. Upon conducting our research, we uncovered the following pattern: students with a high level of procrastination are more inclined to such factors as risk-taking and fantasy; students with a low level are more likely to present curiosity and task complexity; and students with an average level of procrastination are equally likely to present both factors.

THE IMPACT OF QUARANTINE ON PROCRASTINATION AMONG STUDENTS POLISH MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT

Procrastination is defined as the delaying of making decisions or completing obligatory tasks. It is a constant but unadaptive behavioural pattern of an individual, making life difficult. Procrastination affects an individual’s psychological and physiological functioning, and is associated with habitual screen time, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, loss of psychological control over time. The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of procrastination and the planned research project on this still not fully recognized phenomenon

IMPACT COVID-19 QUARANTINE ON THE VALUE OF HEALTH

The article presents the scientific-practical study on the transformation of the value of health in the situation of quarantine restrictions. The empirical study on manifestations of a health-care postponing mechanism in the context of the experienced value of health during the coronavirus pandemic is presented. The article describes the training for personal development, developed on the basis of the performed study, aimed at prioritizing health in the system of personal values; the results of its approbation are given. The training for personal development has been tested and has shown its effectiveness and efficiency. The factors influencing manifestations of health care procrastination during quarantine restrictions and self-isolation have been identified and analyzed. The study identified factors that have a strong influence on the practical aspect of health consciousness, namely: psychological well-being, locus of control, and the emotional aspect of health consciousness. Currently, social isolation is one of the most important social changes. An important construct of the value of health is psychological well-being, which is defined as the attitude and assessment of a person’s own mental state. An individual’s psychological-emotional state in the epidemiological situation depends on individual characteristics, external circumstances and the chosen strategy in the uncertain conditions. The psychological phenomenon of procrastination is inevitably manifested in the health area under conditions of quarantine restrictions. The study results and the identified trends as for the value of health during the quarantine have confirmed the need for work aimed at creating theoretical and empirical models to get ideas about the real health state of representatives of various social groups, as well as the introduction of trainings aimed at forming an individual’s positive attitude to their own health and adequate protective strategies that help relieve psychological stress during the quarantine.

ПРЕДИКТОРИ ПРОКРАСТИНАЦІЇ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ СОЦІОНОМІЧНИХ ПРОФЕСІЙ

The article considers the predictors of procrastination in the professional activity of specialists of socionomic professions. In the study, procrastination is defined as a personal disposition that manifests itself in human activities and behavior and is characterized by the postponement of significant matters. It is interconnected with personality traits, features of motivation and has development patterns, associated with age. It has been established that socionomic professions are professions aimed at solving problems related to social relations. Their content focuses on the development, regulation, study of social patterns and trends, preservation and transformation of historically defined and accepted forms of culture and traditions at all levels of social interaction. The peculiarities of the professions of psychologist, teacher, social worker and lawyer in the context of the outlined issues are clarified. These include: 1) the presence of interaction between people and social groups that differ in social positions and roles; 2) communication mediated by the goals pursued by each party; 3) prosocial activity of the personality of the specialist, which has become a set of motives for professional activity; 4) the focus of the specialist on the achievement of such humanistic and social ideals as well-being, health, high quality of life, effective development of individuals and groups in various formations of individual and social life. Given the specific features of socionomic professions, the search for predictors of procrastination was conducted among professionally significant personality traits of such specialists, including typical forms of behavior in work situations, attitude to certain aspects of the job, the presence of occupational stress symptoms and related deformations. The personal characteristics that affect the severity of procrastination of specialists were determined, including the obligation, determination, control, modesty, anxiety. It was found that a negative perception of the peculiarities of professional activity and a high level of occupational stress affects the manifestation of procrastination in specialists of socionomic professions. Low self-regulation is defined as the predictor of procrastination, and the tendency to delay is associated with all functional components that ensure the effectiveness of activities: planning, modeling, programming, evaluation of results, flexibility, independence. The connection between procrastination and perfectionism of specialists in socionomic professions has been established. It is concluded that the understanding of predictors of the phenomenon of procrastination of specialists of socionomic professions will contribute to the development of effective ways to overcome it in a certain category of experts, which will be the subject of our further research.

FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PROCRASTINATION

Abstract. The article carries out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination. In psychology, procrastination is understood as a constant postponement and non-fulfillment of planned tasks. It is different from a simple correction of plans or laziness. A person is well aware that non-fulfillment of certain cases can have negative consequences (non-fulfillment at all, late execution, excessive extra effort for deadlines, condemnation of relatives, lack of sleep), however. Again and again a person postpones it. That is why procrastination is often accompanied by various negative emotional states: guilt, anxiety, discomfort, a sense of inability to control the situation. Procrastination is usually manifested in activities, the result of which is very important for the individual. Students have all kinds of procrastination, but academic procrastination is the most common. Most often studentsʼs procrastination occurs in situations that involve intellectual stress, require self-organization and activity planning, with deferred remuneration, not sufficiently motivated. The classic of academic procrastination is to prepare for the exam on the last day, to write a term paper the day before the defense, or even to write it at night. Chronic procrastination is characteristic of students who have chosen the wrong specialty and the wrong educational institution, so they study without interest and try to complete educational tasks on the last day. In addition, such students show an inability to organize their activities, forgetfulness, general behavioral rigidity. There are the factors that cause procrastination in the studentʼs environment. They are psychological, socio-psychological, pedagogical and psychophysiological factors. An empirical study has shown that procrastination is common to all students, but manifests in varies degrees. There are some causes of procrastination that the students indicated. They are inability to plan, lack of time, lack of motivation, fatigue, health, too many tasks, uninteresting tasks, lack of willpower, the presence of other important tasks. It should be said that both groups with a low level of procrastination and with a high level of procrastination there are students who have a positive attitude to procrastination. They see the benefit of procrastination, explaining that they have time to have a rest, time to find more effective way to achieve a desired result, thus considering procrastination a natural state of reduced activity. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination the success rate is higher than in the groups of students with medium and high levels of procrastination. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination there is a high overall ability to self-regulate. High self-regulation of laziness is a characteristic of students with low levels of procrastination.

THE PROBLEM OF ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AND EDUCATIONAL MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS

The article examines the likelihood of the impact of academic procrastination on the educational motivation of students, which is the driving force of cognition, personal and professional growth. The main theoretical provisions of academic procrastination at this stage of the development of educational psychology are presented. Conclusions about the need to popularize the phenomenon of procrastination in the educational environment and the organization of purposeful work to develop personal competence are drawn.

The Degree of Realization of Fundamental Existential Motivations as a Predictor of Procrastination in University Students

The problem is related to the prevalence of procrastination, including among students, on the one hand, and the lack of development of approaches to explaining the psychological mechanisms of procrastination, on the other. The article substantiates the possibility of explaining the phenomenon of procrastination in the context of resilience by referring to the categories of meaningfulness of life and existential fulfillment. The goal is to identify the features of the implementation of fundamental existential motivations by students with different levels of procrastination. Method of research. We used the Lay “General procrastination Scale” in the adaptation of Windecker, Ostanina, the” test of existential motivations “ by Shumsky, Ukolova, Osin, and Lupandina; methods of mathematical statistics (Mann-Whitney and Spearman criteria). Sample: 45 procrastinator students, 51 non-procrastinators, and 117 students with an average level of procrastination. Results. Significant differences between all groups were revealed, and there were significant correlations between the level of procrastination and the severity of existential motivations. Conclusion. It was revealed that the degree of existential fulfillment of procrastinator students differs from the other two groups. They have less money: 1) the desire to “be-in-the-world”; 2) the value attitude to life; 3) the desire to be oneself; 4) the desire for meaning. Students with an average level of procrastination, like non-procrastinators, have more realized the ability to freely be in the world and realize meaning, but less than non-procrastinators, the existential motivations “Value of life” and “self-Worth” are realized. It is proved that the theory of fundamental existential motivations can be used to explain procrastination.

Procrastination in Medical University Students with Different Personality Orientation

Introduction. The present article is devoted to the study of the procrastination severity in medical university students with different personality orientation, as well as to a comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of this phenomenon. The aim of the current research is to investigate the procrastination severity in medical university students depending on the personality orientation. Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the fundamental principles of the personality psychology, developed in the Russian psychology by A. N. Leontiev, S. L. Rubinstein. The personality orientation was considered on the basis of the provisions formulated by A. S. Makarenko, A. N. Leontiev, V. N. Myasishchev, K. K. Platonov. To understand the phenomenon of procrastination, the authors implemented the provisions articulated by Ya. I. Varvarycheva, E. L. Mikhailova, N. A. Shukhov. C. Lei’s procrastination scale was used in order to study the procrastination level. Personality orientation was examined with the use of the questionnaire developed by V. Smekal and M.Kucher.The obtained results were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics, in particular, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman’s rank correlation test. The sample included 96 students of the 1st-2nd years of education (average age is 19.5) of the Irkutsk State Medical University. Results. The distribution of medical students by the level of severity of procrastination is determined. It is demonstrated that this category of students is characterised by an average and high level of a partial or constant tendency to delay the implementation of important matters and making decisions, consciously postponing the implementation of leading activity. The business orientation of the personality, manifested in the predominance of motives associated with the activity itself and with the enthusiasm for the activity, dominates in students. It was estimated that students characterised by personal, business and interaction orientation are statistically significantly different by the severity of procrastination, while the students focused on communication and interaction are characterised by a higher level of procrastination. The prevalence of social networks, the availability of mobile communications and the Internet create the basis for the implementation of the communication need with the use of virtual communication, and simultaneously is an obstacle to the implementation of leading activities. For students with a personality orientation, it is most difficult to correlate their own needs and the need to care responsibilities, such a dissonance of tasks and leading motives activates procrastinating behaviour. Scientific novelty. The levels of procrastination among medical students are revealed. It is established that differences in the severity of procrastinating behaviour depends on the dominant orientation of the person (personal orientation, business orientation, interaction orientation). It is stated that students with an interaction orientation, inclined to show interest in people, attentiveness to interpersonal relations, have a higher level of procrastinating behaviour. It is revealed for the first time that the focus on communication with other people is a personal predictor of procrastinating behaviour among medical students. Practical significance. The research results allow for the determination of strategies and formulation of recommendations on correcting procrastination, as well as prevention of procrastination. The research findings can be employed to organise targeted psychological work with students of medical universities.

ПРОКРАСТИНАЦИЯ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЕЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ У СТУДЕНТОВ

Theories of procrastination, reasons for its appearance, methods of overcoming are considered.an attempt is made to identify gender and age differences in the manifestation of the phenomenon of procrastination

Методологічні засади дослідження феномену прокрастинації

The author proves the relevance of the study of procrastination to be a stablepersonal construct. The consequences of the increased tendency of the individualto exhibit dilatory behavioral reactions are outlined.The purpose of the article is to construct a theoretical and methodologicalbase for a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of procrastination. The mainmethods of research were theoretical analysis and modeling, which formed thebasis for determining the structure of this disposition.The results of the theoretical study of the problem indicate the necessityto interpret procrastination as a holistic concept, the influence of which is in all dimensions of the personality’s life. The analysis of the essence of the studiedconcept makes it possible to point out its multidimensionality and determinabilityby a wide range of psychological, social and physiological factors. The basis forthe creation of the model of personality of the procrastinator was the principlesof the post-nonclassical scientific paradigm, the principles of systematic,structural, continuity and biopsychosocial approach of J. Angell. Due to thecertain methodological approach, the author notes that procrastination at themacro-systemic level functions as a multidimensional integral stable personalformation, and in the subsystem sphere it is represented by psychosocial andbiological substructures.The psychosocial field of procrastination is considered as a set of individualpersonality traits that are formed and transformed by the inclusion of a personin a wide range of reference groups and the process of socialization in general.From the point of view of the author, the specified dimension of a person beingpredisposed to procrastination is manifested in his way of thinking, emotionalexperiences and peculiarities of behavior. Thus, within the psychosocial area, thecognitive-reflexive, affective-motivational and connective-regulatory levels ofprocrastinator functioning are distinguished.The biological substructure contains two components: a neurophysiological(specific features in the activity of areas of the cerebral cortex of persons beingpredisposed to delaying important cases) and psychosomatic (specific somaticdisorders associated with the individual’s procrastination tendency).Conclusion. Thus, an integral multilevel model of procrastination as a stablepersonal construct was formed, requiring further empirical verification.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ МОТИВАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ЯК ОДНА З МОЖЛИВИХ ПРИЧИН ВИНИКНЕННЯ ПРОКРАСТИНАЦІЇ

Дослідження присвячено феномену “прокрастинація”. Відкладання справ на потім стало буденністю досить великого відсотку студентів. У статті акцентується увага саме на студентах, оскільки в цей період життя людина характеризується набуттям почуття дорослості та самоідентичності, розпочинається планування майбутнього, що, зазвичай, потребує багато часу для роздумів. Навчальні і професійні досягнення стають визначальними для процесу становлення особистості в соціумі та її продуктивного існування в ньому. Основною перепоною цьому може стати прокрастинація, феномен якої полягає у схильності людини відкладати неприємні завдання на потім, тяжіння до справ, що приносять більше задоволення або швидший результат. Варто зауважити, попри свою поширеність у будь-якому віці, прокрастинація найбільше характерна саме для студентства, оскільки вона стає формою прихованого протесту юнака при виконанні діяльності, за яку особистість не готова нести відповідальність. У межах нашого дослідження ми розглядаємо прокрастинацію як вираження емоційної реакції на заплановані чи необхідні справи. Аналізуючи теоретичний базис феномену, ми спостерігали велику різноманітність його класифікацій за різними характеристиками. Виокремлено п’ять типів прокрастинації залежно від сфери її вияву: щоденна, або побутова – відкладання справи стає життєвою стратегією особистості, оскільки в неї відсутні навички виконання рутинної діяльності; прокрастинація прийняття рішень; невротична прокрастинація – відкладання прийняття важливих рішень, які однозначно вплинуть на подальше майбутнє особистості; компульсивна прокрастинація – поєднання поведінки з прокрастинацією прийняття рішен є хронічним виявом феномену; академічна – відкладання виконання навчальних завдань.