Phenomenological Trends Research Articles

A Study on the Phenomenological Trends of Early Childhood Dance and Motion Education in South of Korea

A Study on the Phenomenological Trends of Early Childhood Dance and Motion Education in South of Korea

Uma defesa de uma historiografia inferencialista da filosofia: compromissos, incompatibilidades e direitos

Abstract: Even if we deny any kind of exceptionalism to philosophy as an intellectual enterprise (see Williamson, 2007), it seems easy to concede that, at least concerning relations with its own history, philosophy is different from other fields of knowledge (see Williamson, 2018). However, questions regarding the scope, role and validity of the history of philosophy for philosophical activity are as old as philosophy itself, as well as becoming relevant in the so-called “parting of ways” between analytic and hermeneutic phenomenological trends. However, it is possible to say that, at least since the second half of the last century, we have seen an important inflection about the place and importance of the history of philosophy in contemporary philosophy: both because of the “historical turn” in analytical philosophy, with works by Strawson, Sellars and, more recently, Brandom, serving as good examples of such a movement, and due to the recently renewed interest in questions of metaphilosophy. An example of this second movement is the debate between the so-called appropriationists and contextualists. Hence, this paper sets out to analyze the two main arguments against rational reconstructions - the GTRC and the causation of anachronism - and offer a defense of an inferentialist approach to the history of philosophy, based on Robert Brandom’s work, which is simultaneously open to certain contextualism, as well as establishing parameters for rational reconstructions.

Gibt es eine österreichische Psychologie?

Abstract This article, inspired by Rudolf Haller’s thesis of an independent, specific, and unitary Austrian tradition of scientific philosophy, develops the idea of a specific Austrian tradition of psychological research, as distinguished in its development from that in Germany. This tradition was shaped by two phenomenological trends, which were merged into unity in Prague by Carl Stumpf and Brentano’s students of the second generation. One trend traces back to Goethe and was continued in Prague by the physiologists Jan E. Purkinje and Ewald Hering, culminating in the work of Ernst Mach. The other trend was initiated by Franz Brentano and spread through his school. Stumpf was the key integrator of these two traditions, which he then partially passed on to his Berlin students and founders of Gestalt psychology. Finally, Karl Bühler’s “reimport” of the Brentanian psychological legacy into the Vienna of the First Republic is briefly illustrated.

Nonexponential kinetics captured in sequential unfolding of polyproteins over a range of loads.

While performing under mechanical loads in vivo, polyproteins are vitally involved in cellular mechanisms such as regulation of tissue elasticity and mechano-transduction by unfolding their comprising domains and extending them. It is widely thought that the process of sequential unfolding of polyproteins follows an exponential kinetics as the individual unfolding events exhibit identical and identically distributed (iid) Poisson behavior. However, it was shown that under high loads, the sequential unfolding kinetics displays nonexponential kinetics that alludes to aging by a subdiffusion process. Statistical order analysis of this kinetics indicated that the individual unfolding events are not iid, and cannot be defined as a Poisson (memoryless) process. Based on numerical simulations it was argued that this behavior becomes less pronounced with lowering the load, therefore it is to be expected that polyproteins unfolding under lower forces will follow a Poisson behavior. This expectation serves as the motivation of the current study, in which we investigate the effect of force lowering on the unfolding kinetics of Poly-L8 under varying loads, specifically high (150, 100 ​pN) and moderate-low (45, 30, 20 ​pN) forces. We found that a hierarchy among the unfolding events still exists even under low loads, again resulting in nonexponential behavior. We observe that analyzing the dwell-time distributions with stretched-exponentials and power laws give rise to different phenomenological trends. Using statistical order analysis, we demonstrated that even under the lowest load, the sequential unfolding cannot be considered as iid, in accord with the power law distribution. Additional free energy analysis revealed the contribution of the unfolded segments elasticity that scales with the force on the overall one-dimensional contour of the energy landscape, but more importantly, it discloses the hierarchy within the activation barriers during sequential unfolding that account for the observed nonexponentiality.

Podmiot ucieleśniony w zaprojektowanym środowisku. Analiza wykorzystania koncepcji afordancji w architekturze

The subject embodied in the designed environment. Analysis of the use of the affordance concept in architecture: James Gibson’s ecological psychology is considered as one of the research subtraditions within embodied cognition. Gibson emphasizes the nature of the agent-environment interaction through the development of the theory of affordances. According to this idea, affordances are relational properties of the environment that enable a specific action for the agent. Currently this concept is being applied in many different contexts. This paper considers the application potential of affordance in architectural studies as a tool that analyses the agent’s interaction with the environment. In this context, the affordance category can be a tool that allows one to take into account the importance of space for the shaping of behavior and interactions between its users, without falling into architectural determinism. The main aim of this study is to analyze affordances as a category that, despite its diversity and vagueness, can play an important role in the embodied view of architecture (which integrates phenomenological trends in architecture and the results of neurocognitive research). The first part of the article is an attempt to synthetically place affordances in the context of embodied cognition and to point out the basic philosophical interpretations and discussions related to Gibson’s concept. In the next part, we situate the concept of affordances in the context of design practice. We also present the pros and cons of applying affordances to this ground. The last section in presenting the concept of affordances is considered within the background of the embodied current in architecture.

Growth and Decay of a Planktonic Microbial Culture.

The paper shows that the phenomenological trends of both growth and decay of a microbial population in a given medium are easily reproducible with simple equations that allow gathering the experimental data (plate counts) related to different microbial species, in different mediums and even at different temperatures, in a single master plot. The guideline of the proposed approach is that microbes and surrounding medium form a system where they affect each other and that the so-called “growth curve” is just the phenomenological appearance of such interaction. The whole system (cells and medium) changes following a definite pathway described as the evolution of a “virtual” microbial population in planktonic conditions. The proposed equations come from the assumption of a duplication mechanism with a variable generation time for the growth and of an exponential-like decline with a linear increase of the rate for the decay. The intermediate phase between growth and decay is a time span during which growth and death counterbalance each other and age differences within the virtual cell population tend to level off. The proposed approach does not provide an a priori description of this phase but allows the fit of the whole evolution trend of a microbial culture whenever the experimental data are available. Deviations of such a trend concern microbes able to form spores, modify their metabolism, or express phenotypic heterogeneity, to counterbalance adverse medium conditions.

Turbulence-chemistry interaction in lean premixed hydrogen combustion

This paper presents three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of lean premixed hydrogen flames at an equivalence ratio of φ=0.4 over a range of turbulence levels from Ka=1–36. The simulations form part of a larger effort to construct a DNS database that can be used by the community for model construction and validation. We have focussed on producing well-resolved simulations at conditions representative of atmospheric laboratory-scale flames. After an overview of phenomenological trends with increasing Karlovitz number, we examine the factors that lead to an observed decorrelation between fuel consumption and heat release in the flame at Ka=36. We show that in this flame the fuel consumption is greatly enhanced in regions of positive curvature. We also show that the radical pool is enriched throughout the entire flame as Ka is increased. In particular, we identify three reactions that, driven by high molar concentrations of radicals at low temperatures, are responsible for high levels of heat release away from regions of fuel consumption, thereby accounting for the observed decorrelation between fuel consumption and heat release.

Reduced-order unsteady aerodynamic models at low Reynolds numbers

AbstractIn this paper we develop reduced-order models for the unsteady lift on a pitching and plunging aerofoil over a range of angles of attack. In particular, we analyse the pitching and plunging dynamics for two cases: a two-dimensional flat plate at$\mathit{Re}= 100$using high-fidelity direct numerical simulations and a three-dimensional NACA 0006 aerofoil at$\mathit{Re}= 65\hspace{0.167em} 000$using wind-tunnel measurements. Models are obtained at various angles of attack and they are verified against measurements using frequency response plots and large-amplitude manoeuvres. These models provide a low-dimensional balanced representation of the relevant unsteady fluid dynamics. In simulations, flow structures are visualized using finite-time Lyapunov exponents. A number of phenomenological trends are observed, both in the data and in the models. As the base angle of attack increases, the boundary layer begins to separate, resulting in a decreased quasi-steady lift coefficient slope and a delayed relaxation to steady state at low frequencies. This extends the low-frequency range of motions that excite unsteady effects, meaning that the quasi-steady approximation is not valid until lower frequencies than are predicted by Theodorsen’s classical inviscid model. In addition, at small angles of attack, the lift coefficient rises to the steady-state value after a step in angle, while at larger angles of attack, the lift coefficient relaxes down to the steady-state after an initially high lift state. Flow visualization indicates that this coincides with the formation and convection of vortices at the leading edge and trailing edge. As the angle of attack approaches the critical angle for vortex shedding, the poles and zeros of the model approach the imaginary axis in the complex plane, and some zeros cross into the right half plane. This has significant implications for active flow control, which are discussed. These trends are observed in both simulations and wind-tunnel data.

LHC implications of the WIMP miracle and grand unification

With the assumptions that dark matter consists of an electroweak triplet and that the gauge couplings unify at a high scale, we identify robust phenomenological trends of possible matter contents at the TeV scale. In particular, we expect new colored states within the LHC reach that can have Yukawa couplings $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to quarks and the Higgs. We investigate the collider signatures that are characteristic of all such models by adopting the model with the simplest matter content as a benchmark. The $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ couplings are constrained by flavor/$CP$ physics. In the largest portion of the allowed parameter space the new colored particles are stable on collider time scales, hence appearing as $R$ hadrons, for which there is discovery potential at the early LHC ($\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, $1\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$). Flavor/$CP$ constraints nevertheless do allow a sizable range of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ where the new colored particles decay promptly, providing a new Higgs production channel with a cross section governed by the strong interaction. Studying the case of $h\ensuremath{\rightarrow}WW$, we show that it is possible for the Higgs production from this new channel to be discovered before that from the standard model at the LHC.

Vibrational Characteristics of Genetic Codons: 5$'$-GGX-3$'$ and 5$'$-XGG-3$'$ (${\rm X} = {\rm A}, {\rm C}$, and T)

A theoretical study of the vibrational characteristics of six DNA codons (i.e., at the sequence forms 5' -GGX-3' and 5' -XGG-3'; X = A, C, and T) in gas phase is presented. The simulation results show that the spectra of the codons in the near infrared regime can be classified into five semi-distinct spectral sub-regimes, namely: two end regions and one region that separates the two sequence identifier regions with features that arise primarily from coupling between the GG bases and other bases (T, C, and A). This study reveals a number of phenomenological trends that have scientific relevance to spectroscopic characterization of DNA molecules. For example, spectra in the high-frequency end-regions arise primarily from vibrational modes associated with the O-H bonds at the 5 ' end or 3 ' end of the codons and the spectra in the low-frequency end-regions are formed primarily by the vibrational modes of the backbone. Conversely, in the lower-frequency side, the sequence-identifier region is composed of the C-H bond stretch vibrations in the planes of the corresponding DNA bases, and in the higher-frequency side, sequence-identifier region is composed of the N-H bond stretch vibrations in the planes of the corresponding DNA bases. In addition, the sequence-identifier dividing region almost exclusively contains vibrational modes due to coupling between the G nucleotides and other bases. As will be shown, all the vibrational modes in sequence identifier regions are localized at the corresponding DNA bases and exhibit a definable dependence on the sequence form of the codons under study.

Trickle flow hydrodynamic multiplicity: Experimental observations and pore-scale capillary mechanism

Trickle bed reactors are encountered throughout the process industry. Considerable attention has been given to the study of the hydrodynamics of this type reactor. It has been identified that, in the trickle flow regime, the hydrodynamic parameters (e.g. pressure drop and liquid holdup) are not unique functions of the operating and system conditions, but depend on the flow history. This study reviews the experimental trends identified in literature on the basis of a limiting cases framework and then evaluates the three-dimensional pore-scale liquid distribution using computed tomography (CT) data. This leads to the identification of 20 phenomenological trends that characterize hydrodynamic multiplicity, including hydrodynamic flow hysteresis as well as the effects of pre-wetting. The CT study yields additional experimental insight into the role of capillary pressure and ultimately leads to the proposal of a capillary gate mechanism based on contact angle hysteresis as the root cause of multiplicity. The mechanism is incorporated into a simple pore-network model. It is shown that the qualitative performance of the model corresponds closely to the majority of phenomenological trends and is capable of explaining the observed experimental behaviour.

TOWARDS A UNITARIAN VIEW OF CHANDRA JETS

In almost a decade of operations, Chandra has observed and discovered the X-ray counterparts of several tens of extragalactic radio jets, with a variety of morphologies and SEDs. Here we take a fresh approach and assume that we do not know their relationship. We then search for phenomenological trends. While admittedly naive, this perspective allow us to start identifying key quantities towards a large-scale jet "unitarian view", just as was previously done for their compact, pc-scale cousins, the blazars. Similarly to the latter, we find that key parameters governing the properties of Chandra jets are their powers and the mass flux, the latter parameterizing the jet interaction with the ambient gas.

Closed loop pulsating heat pipes Part B: visualization and semi-empirical modeling

Pulsating heat pipes have received growing attention from experimental and theoretical researchers in recent times. Behind its constructional simplicity lie the intriguingly complex thermo-hydrodynamic operational characteristics. Part A of this paper has presented the thermal performance results of a fairly large matrix of closed loop pulsating heat pipes. This paper, which is an extension of the previous work, first presents some more visualization results to highlight the complexities involved in mathematical formulation of the modeling problem. The phenomenological trends recorded in the visualization set-up are fully inline with the previous quantitative data of Part A. Critical review of the existing modeling approaches to CLPHPs is presented in the wake of these results. A detailed discussion follows on the important issues involved in the mathematical modeling of these devices. Then, semi-empirical correlations based on non-dimensional numbers of interest for predicting the thermal performance of CLPHPs are presented. Although there are limitations of the models presented herein, modeling by non-dimensional numbers seems to be most promising as compared to other existing techniques.

Accelerated Fluid Bed Drying Using NIR Monitoring and Phenomenological Modeling: Method Assessment and Formulation Suitability

The theory behind a fluidized bed fast‐drying method is investigated as a potential timesaving process, which can reduce overall drying time compared to single‐temperature cycles. The method teaches that for formulations in which heat transfer dominates the drying mechanism, an increase in temperature during the evaporative phase of drying decreases overall process time by 50%, without changing the physical properties of the active ingredient. The method is also examined in terms of its potential for cycle shortening for a given formulation. A combined expression for the overall drying profile has been developed and committed to a macro that facilitates the identification of phenomenological trends, which identify whether or not a process will benefit by using fast drying. The relationship and macro also allows prediction of time frames associated with a given set of dryer and formulation parameters. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:631–639, 2002

El sentido de la enfermedad en la obra de Luis Martín-Santos

The paper contrasts the two forms in which the psychiatrist and writer Luis Martin-Santos considered the meaning of illness: the psychiatric and the literary one. The psychiatric approach was a very orthodox one within the phenomenological and existencialist trends, that were prevailing in Spanish psychiatry at that time. Nevertheless, the literary approach was, to a large extent, a bitter and sarcastic criticism of that procedure of considering illness.

Quantum diagrams and the prediction of new materials

A statistically based diagrammatic scheme for classifying the full database of crystal structures of binary, ternary and quaternary compounds and the tendency to compound formation in binary and ternary alloy systems is used as the basis for the study of small sets of compounds of special interest. Diagrammatic regularities are observed in stable quasi-crystals, high T c ferroelectrics and high T c superconductors, reflecting a correlation of these types of order with local structure and stability. Detailed application to quasi-crystals uses these diagrammatic regularities to facilitate the recognition of phenomenological trends and to identify chemical factors which favor quasi-crystal formation. This provides severe constraints on compositions at which quasi-crystals or crystalline approximants are likely to form. Several computerized search strategies which utilize the diagrammatic conditions to identify compositions for experimental investigation are outlined.

Quantum diagrams, structural models and the prediction of new quasicrystals

A statistically-based diagrammatic scheme for classifying the full data base of crystal structures of binary, ternary and quaternary compounds and tendency to compound formation in binary and ternary alloy systems is used as the basis for the study of small sets of compounds of special interest. Application to quasicrystals results in the identification of diagrammatic regularities which facilitate the recognition of phenomenological trends and the identification of chemical factors which favor quasicrystal formation. This provides severe constraints on compositions at which quasicrystals or crystalline approximants are likely to form. A structural model is presented from which an additional quasicrystal condition is derived. Results of a computerized search which utilizes these conditions to identify compositions for experimental investigation are given.

Global multinary structural chemistry of stable quasicrystals, high-TC ferroelectrics, and high-Tc superconductors.

A common feature of stable quasicrystals, high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$ ferroelectrics, and high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors is that their unusual physical properties are correlated with characteristic crystal stuctures that are often vicinal to structural instabilities. We describe a statistically based diagrammatic scheme, due to Villars, for classifying the full database of crystal structures of binary, ternary, and quaternary compounds and tendency to compound formation in binary- and ternary-alloy systems. Principles of an expert system using this global organization to study small sets of compounds of special interest are formulated. Application to quasicrystals, ferroelectrics, and superconductors results in the identification of diagrammatic regularities which enable us to recognize phenomenological trends and to develop computerized search strategies for the prediction of new materials.

The charge state dependence of desorption. A way to study the energy transfer to the surface

Various experiments on the charge state dependence of secondary ion emission from insulators have been performed recently using the heavy ion accelerators in Orsay and Darmstadt. A survey of the results is presented with the intention of exhibiting phenomenological trends over a wide range of beam parameters. The yields of certain small fragment ions ejected from organic samples depend strongly on the initial charge of the incident ions but not on their atomic number. Large molecule-specific ions show a different behaviour. Their yields increase considerably with the atomic number when the initial charge state is kept constant. This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of a depth contribution to desorption. By means of an averaging procedure, we calculated a mean interaction depth, from which contributions to desorption reach the surface. For a coronen target, this mean interaction depth ranges from 12 to 160 Å, when the target is irradiated by 1.16 MeV/n beams of Ne, Ar, and Kr having charge states from 5+ to 24+. The interaction depth, as defined in this work, increases linearly with the specific energy loss. An attempt was made to introduce the depth effect into the ion track model. The range of interaction predicted by these model calculations can not, however, reproduce the experimental observations.

Structural chemistry and high-temperature superconductivity.

Phenomenological trends in the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ and the energy gap ${E}_{g}$ as measured in many tunneling and isotope experiments are discussed for ternary metallic Cu oxides. Available data are consistent with the Bardeen-Fr\"olich electron-phonon mechanism and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer microscopic theory. The role of Cu oxidation is discussed in the context of the mechanical stability of the perovskitelike lattice structure.