Phenomena Of Retention Research Articles

Unraveling attrition and retention: A qualitative study with rehabilitation professionals.

Health human resources are scarce worldwide. In occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech-language pathology (S-LP), attrition and retention issues amplify this situation and contribute to the precarity of health systems. To investigate the phenomena of attrition and retention with OTs, PTs and S-LPs who stayed in, or left their profession. Cultural-historical activity theory provided the theoretical scaffolding for this interpretive description study. We used purposeful sampling (maximum variation approach) to recruit OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada. Individual interviews were conducted with 51 OTs, PTs, and S-LPs from Quebec, Canada, in English or French (2019-2020). Inductive and deductive approaches, and constant comparative techniques were used for data analysis. Six themes were developed: 1) characteristics of work that made it meaningful; 2) aspects of work that practitioners appreciate; 3) factors of daily work that weigh on a practitioner; 4) factors that contribute to managing work; 5) relationships with different stakeholders that shape daily work; and 6) perceptions of the profession. Meaningfulness was tied to participants' sense that their values were reflected in their work. Factors outside work shaped participants' work experiences. Recurrent negative experiences led some to leave their profession. Findings underscore a critical need to address contributing factors to attrition and retention which are essential to ensuring the availability of OTs, PTs and SLPs for present and future rehabilitation needs.

Emergency evacuation based on long range communication technology

The complexity and uncertainty of a fire in a large public building with complex structure leads to risks during emergency evacuation. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct intelligent emergency evacuation according to the situational development of the accident environment, the crowding degree of evacuation routes, as well as the reliability and flexibility of data transmission in large complex building structures. In this study, we develop an Intelligent Emergency Evacuation System (IEES) based on the Long Range (LoRa) communication technology and the Evacuation Decision Optimization Model (EDOM). The IEES comprises three parts, i.e., multi-sensor Fire Monitoring System (FMS), Central Control System (CCS), and Wireless Evacuation Indication System (WEIS). The LoRa communication technology is used for data transmission among the three parts of the IEES to assist large scale evacuation. The EDOM is developed to support the CCS based on the improved adaptive ant colony algorithm. To facilitate the evacuation decision optimization, the initial node database in the evacuation spatial network is established intelligently on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform. An on-site application in a subway station with three underground floors is conducted. The results demonstrate that the IEES can guide people in evacuating from hazardous locations according to the state of the fire. Moreover, the phenomena of crowd retention and congestion at a few certain evacuation exits are considerably reduced to achieve global optimization of the evacuation path and accomplish the objective of intelligent emergency evacuation. Furthermore, WEIS can maintain normal operation and have good visibility in the fire environment of heat radiation and thick smoke. The IEES can realize dual wireless indication of vision and sound perception, and its response time is slightly affected by the building structure and transmission distance. The electromagnetic signal of electrical equipment and the operational state of vehicles in and out of the subway station causes the response time to a relatively larger lag. The response time of the IEES is delayed up to 14 ms. Nonetheless, it fulfills the requirements of response time of evacuation indication signs stated in the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuate Indicating System.

Thermal desorption spectrometry of beryllium plasma facing tiles exposed in the JET tokamak

The phenomena of retention and de-trapping of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) in plasma facing components (PFC) and supporting structures must be understood in order to limit or control total T inventory in larger future fusion devices such as ITER, DEMO and commercial machines. The goal of this paper is to present details of the thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) system applied in total fuel retention assessment of PFC at the Joint European Torus (JET). Examples of TDS results from beryllium (Be) wall tile samples exposed to JET plasma in PFC configuration mirroring the planned ITER PFC is shown for the first time. The method for quantifying D by comparison of results from a sample of known D content was confirmed acceptable. The D inventory calculations obtained from Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and TDS agree well within an error associated with the extrapolation from very few data points to a large surface area.

How do they find their place? A typology of students' enculturation during the first year at a business school

Students' experiences of their first year of studying are of prime importance for their further development in Higher Education (HE). Consequently, the first year and the related phenomena of student performance, retention, and dropout have been extensively studied. Research shows that during the first year, the individual student's ability or failure to adapt to the new socio-cultural environment influences his/her academic success. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the actual processes through which students integrate into the socio-cultural context of HE. Applying a socio-cultural approach, our qualitative interview study followed 14 university students through their first year, investigating why some students experience an easier transition into HE compared to others. Our research results in a typology of four transition types characterized by their orientation towards the socio-cultural context of studying.

First-principles calculations of transition metal solute interactions with hydrogen in tungsten

We have performed systematic first-principles calculations to predict the interaction between transition metal (TM) solutes and hydrogen in the interstitial site as well as the vacancy in tungsten. We showed that the site preference of the hydrogen atom is significantly influenced by the solute atoms, which can be traced to the charge density perturbation in the vicinity of the solute atom. The solute-H interactions are mostly attractive except for Re, which can be well understood in terms of the competition between the chemical and elastic interactions. The chemical interaction dominates the solute-H interaction for the TM solutes with a large atomic volume and small electronegativity compared to tungsten, while the elastic interaction is primarily responsible for the solute-H interaction for the TM solutes with a small atomic volume and large electronegativity relative to tungsten. The presence of a hydrogen atom near the solute atom has a negative effect on the binding of other hydrogen atoms. The large positive binding energies among the solute, vacancy and hydrogen suggest that they would easily form a defect cluster in tungsten, where the solute-vacancy and vacancy-H interaction contribute greatly while the solute-H interaction contributes a little. Our result provides a sound theoretical explanation for recent experimental phenomena of hydrogen retention in the tungsten alloy and further recommends a suitable W–Re–Ta ternary alloy for possible plasma-facing materials (PFMs) including the consideration of the hydrogen retention.

The problem of dropout from "gold standard" PTSD therapies.

Understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased substantially in the past several decades. There is now more awareness of the many different types of trauma that can lead to PTSD, greater refinement of diagnostic criteria, and the development and testing of various treatments for it. As implementation of PTSD therapies has increased, there is also increased attention to the key issues of retention and dropout. Retention refers to the percentage of patients who stay in a treatment for its intended dose, and dropout is the opposite (the percentage who leave prior to the intended dose); both of which have major implications for treatment outcomes. The two PTSD therapies most studied in relation to retention and dropout are Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy, which have been the subject of massive, formal, multi-year dissemination roll-outs. Both of these evidence-based treatments are defined as gold-standard therapies for PTSD and showed positive outcomes and reasonable retention of patients in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). But an emerging picture based on real-world practice indicates substantial dropout. Such real-world studies are distinct from RCTs, which have consistently evidenced far lower dropout rates, but under much more restricted conditions (e.g. a more selective range of patients and clinicians). In this paper, the phenomena of retention and dropout are described based on real-world studies of Prolonged Exposure and Cognitive Processing Therapy, including rates, characteristics of patients, clinicians, and programs in relation to retention and dropout, and identification of clinical issues and future research on these topics. It is suggested that the term “gold-standard” evidence-based treatments should be reserved for treatments that evidence both positive results in RCTs but also feasibility and strong retention in real-world settings.

Origins of Shared Genetic Variation in African Cichlids

Cichlid fishes have evolved tremendous morphological and behavioral diversity in the waters of East Africa. Within each of the Great Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi, and Victoria, the phenomena of hybridization and retention of ancestral polymorphism explain allele sharing across species. Here, we explore the sharing of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the major East African cichlid assemblages. A set of approximately 200 genic and nongenic SNPs was ascertained in five Lake Malawi species and genotyped in a diverse collection of ∼160 species from across Africa. We observed segregating polymorphism outside of the Malawi lineage for more than 50% of these loci; this holds similarly for genic versus nongenic SNPs, as well as for SNPs at putative CpG versus non-CpG sites. Bayesian and principal component analyses of genetic structure in the data demonstrate that the Lake Malawi endemic flock is not monophyletic and that river species have likely contributed significantly to Malawi genomes. Coalescent simulations support the hypothesis that river cichlids have transported polymorphism between lake assemblages. We observed strong genetic differentiation between Malawi lineages for approximately 8% of loci, with contributions from both genic and nongenic SNPs. Notably, more than half of these outlier loci between Malawi groups are polymorphic outside of the lake. Cichlid fishes have evolved diversity in Lake Malawi as new mutations combined with standing genetic variation shared across East Africa.

Preparation and Characterisation of an Natural Adsorbent used for Elimination of Pollutants in Wastewater

In recent years the uses of waste as a raw material for producting porous carbon have been widely employed in the purification of water and wastewater. The application of these carbons has bees considered also a major unit operation in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The purpose of this study is to characterize a natural adsorbent obtained from local cereals by products. This solid has been tested with organic pollutants (phenol, dyes) and inorganic pollutants (copper, zinc and cadmium) where he was given a good performance. The characterization is important to understand and identify the different phenomena of retention (adsorbent-adsorbate) as well as to the interpretation of the kinetic results. The characterization is focused on quantitative analysis (elemental analysis, BET), qualitative (RX, IR) and optical (SEM) in order to get an idea on the morphology and pore structure and active sites.

Lessons Learned Too Well

Anonymity is in trouble.Private incentives and initiatives during the past decade have resulted in the deployment of a variety of technologies and services each of which is unfriendly to anonymous communication. The paper discusses these private activities, then looks at three types of government regulation that also work to undermine anonymity: the general phenomenon of chokepoint regulation, and the more specific phenomena of online identification requirements and data retention (which can be understood as a special form of identification). The concluding section asks whether the fate of online anonymity in the next decade will be determined by human rights law and finds this unlikely. Instead, the trend is to make decisions either via the deployment of new technologies or by national and trans-national political choices. The paper therefore offers normative and pragmatic arguments why anonymity is worth preserving and concludes with questions that proponents of further limits on anonymous online speech should be expected to answer.

Enhancement of condensation on a vertical plate (2nd report, prediction of condensation on a dispersed finned surface)

AbstractIn this study, a prediction model for condensation heat transfer on a vertical dispersed finned surface was proposed, utilizing the Adamek‐Webb model for condensation heat transfer outside a horizontal finned tube. The prediction model was based on two main experimental observation results. One is the phenomena of the condensate retention at the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. Another is the offset phenomena of the condensate flow between each row of the dispersed fin. Given the results by the present model, it is predicted that the dependence of the condensation heat transfer coefficient for the dispersed finned surface on the fin pitch is controlled mainly by the dispersed fin length, not the total fin length. On the contrary, for a different fin pitch, the effect to the condensation heat transfer by dispersing the fin is different. From comparison with the experiment results, it is confirmed that the present model was able to predict the condensation with extremely good precision when the fin pitch was larger. Further, when the fin pitch was smaller, the predicted values were higher than the experimental values, but the tendency of the condensation heat transfer with dispersing the fin was nearly predicted. In addition, this condensing model can predict the experimental values with an error of 25% at the maximum in a range of fin pitch 0.6 mm to 1 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20288

In Search of a New Equilibrium: Economic Aspects of Higher Education's Changing Faculty Composition

This article examines the interconnected phenomena of recruitment, retention, and utilization of faculty at research universities, with special emphasis on the changing mix of tenure track and contingent (i.e., fixed term) faculty members. The authors argue, based upon both national data and detailed information from a particular institution, that powerful economic forces are prompting research universities to rethink fundamental strategies about the core academic workforce.

Condensation enhancement on a vertical plate (1st report, heat transfer characteristic on a dispersed finned surface)

AbstractIn this study, a condensation heat transfer experiment on vertical continuous and dispersed finned surfaces using FC5312 was carried out. Experimental parameters were the pitch and height of the fin, and the dispersed fin length. In the results, the phenomena of condensate retention were observed in the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. The condensate flow from the upper row was concentrated into the valley of the fin and then flowed down into the valley of the next fin. Moreover, it was found from the experiment that the heat transfer coefficient on the dispersed finned surface was lower than the one on the continuous finned surface as the fin pitch was smaller, but was larger than that of the continued finned surface for a larger fin pitch. Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancing effect became more significant for the higher fin with the larger fin pitch, and the heat transfer reducing effect became more significant for the lower fin with the smaller fin pitch. These special characteristics of condensation mentioned above were caused by the phenomena of condensate retention in each row of the fin and the flow pattern of the condensate between two adjacent fins on the dispersed finned surface based on experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20221

Enhancement of Condensation on a Vertical Plate (1st Report, Heat Transfer Characteristic on a Dispersed Finned Surface)

In this study, a condensation heat transfer experiment on vertical continued and dispersed finned surfaces using FC 5312 was carried out. Experimental parameters were the pitch and height of the fin, and the dispersed fin length. As the results, the phenomena of condensate retention were observed in the bottom of each row of the dispersed fin. The condensate flow from the upper row was concentrated into the valley of the fin and then flew down into the valley of next fin. Moreover, it was found from the experiment that the heat transfer coefficient on the dispersed finned surface was lower than the one on the continued finned surface as the fin pitch was smaller, but was larger than the one on the continued finned surface for the larger fin pitch. Further, the heat transfer enhancing effect become more significant for the higher fin with the larger fin pitch, and the heat transfer reducing effect become more significant for the lower fin with the smaller fin pitch. These special characteristics of condensation mentioned above were caused by the phenomena of condensate retention in each row of the fin and the flow pattern of the condensate between two adjacent fins on the dispersed finned surface based on experimental observations.

Remembering over the short-term: the case against the standard model.

Psychologists often assume that short-term storage is synonymous with activation, a mnemonic property that keeps information in an immediately accessible form. Permanent knowledge is activated, as a result of on-line cognitive processing, and an activity trace is established "in" short-term (or working) memory. Activation is assumed to decay spontaneously with the passage of time, so a refreshing process-rehearsal-is needed to maintain availability. Most of the phenomena of immediate retention, such as capacity limitations and word length effects, are assumed to arise from trade-offs between rehearsal and decay. This "standard model" of how we remember over the short-term still enjoys considerable popularity, although recent research questions most of its main assumptions. In this chapter I review the recent research and identify the empirical and conceptual problems that plague traditional conceptions of short-term memory. Increasingly, researchers are recognizing that short-term retention is cue driven, much like long-term memory, and that neither rehearsal nor decay is likely to explain the particulars of short-term forgetting.

Positional uncertainty in long-term memory

Long-term memory for position was examined from the perspective of an immediate memory framework, the perturbation model of Estes (Estes, 1972; Lee & Estes, 1977, 1981). First, a simple version of the perturbation model is shown to provide a reasonable fit of previously reported long-term data (Nairne, 1990b), even though the perturbation idea was developed to explain the phenomena of immediate retention. Second, new results are reported that extend the application to multiple dimensions. Long-term memories for list and within-list position appear to mimic the classic patterns of immediate retention, in that both show bow-shaped serial position curves and error generalization gradients that are roughly symmetrical around the true serial position.

Some Histological Remarks on the Fibrolamellar Carcinoma of the Liver

Investigations on five fibrolamellar carcinomas of the liver suggest that this tumor originates from purely epithelial proliferations, while the ensuing fibrous growth leading to lamellar formations is but a secondary event. Nevertheless, progressing fibrosis has a considerable influence on cell shape as the surrounded cell complexes are quasi immured, and their supply and transport procedures impaired. Its influence further evokes a compensatory increase of mitochondria so that, in advanced cases, these cells may be mistaken for genuine oncocytes, although the appraisal of an oncocytic tumor is not confirmed. At this point only, increased amount of fibrinogen-containing (endoplasmic) vacuoles and PAS positive globuli are interpreted as phenomena of cellular retention, and so is the accumulation of unexcretable copper. Ultimately, this fibrous incarceration will cause cell death, destruction and depletion resulting in abundant scarring especially in the center of the focus, without, however, signalling any close relationship with focal nodular hyperplasia. Excess fiber formation exerts a proliferation-inhibiting effect resulting in slower growth and consequently, in the more favorable prognosis of this tumor of distinctive and well-characterized morphology.

Effect of the environment on the hydrochemical characteristics of an alluvial aquifer following an exceptional multiyear drought (Mediterranean Seashore, Hérault, France): Part II—Climatology and agronomy

The hydrochemical evolution of an alluvial groundwater located along the Mediterranean seashore is analyzed with respect to its agricultural and climatic environment, including degree of saturation of the soil; types of cultures, chemical fertilizers and phytosanitary treatments; selective irrigations of the cultivated areas; precipitations. It is shown that the environmental effect on the groundwater's vulnerability depends on two groups of factors: 1. Transfers from surface to groundwater of nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, and potassium, which are governed by: (a) the climatic conditions before the agricultural activities begin, (b) the kinds of agricultural activities and their distribution in time with respect to a given climatic context. Phenomena of retention of and/or rapid diffusion are related to the sedimentary heterogeneities of the reservoir and to the differences of temperatures between irrigation waters and precipitations. 2. Cationic exchanges related to the presence of clays of Montmorillonite-Kaolinite type.

State of the microcirculation after massive transfusion of dogs with homologous donors' blood

Normovolemic exchange transfusion with homologous donors' blood causes moderate slowing of the blood flow in the microcirculation of the recipient dogs together with mild or moderately severe intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes. In 25% of cases acute phenomena of retention of blood in the mesenteric microvessels develop, accompanied by a fall in the level of perfusion in the microvessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. Acute disturbances of the microcirculation are transient in character.

Studies on headache. The responses of the bulbar conjunctival blood vessels during induced oliguria and diuresis, and their modification by UML-491.

The phenomena of widespread fluid retention and subsequent diuresis which occur in patients with vascular headache of the migraine type have been well documented.1,2In general, it was found that significant weight gain occurred in the period prior to the onset of head pain, and that diuresis usually followed during the time of dwindling headache intensity. The purpose of this paper was to observe the response of the bulbar conjunctival blood vessels to vasoconstrictor agents during oliguria and diuresis and the effect upon these vascular responses of the prior administration of UML-491 (1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide tartrate. Method Thirty-two experiments were performed on 17 subjects. A standard water load of 1,000 cc. was imbibed within 10 minutes and urine output in ml/min was then measured. The urine flow in ml/min was replaced in volume-for-volume fashion with additional water during the course of the experiment in order to maintain