Reality Of Phenomenon Research Articles

DETERMINING THE LEGAL NATURE OF GAPS IN THE LAW: ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR EFFICIENT STUDY OF THIS PHENOMENON

The article is devoted to the issues of determining the role and significance of gaps in the law, in particular, stating the views on this issue set forth in scientific literature. To this end, the publication first analyzes the doctrinal works of national scholars. As a result, the author has established that when studying the issue of gaps in the law, most scholars answer the question of what causes this phenomenon (diversity of life situations, errors in the contents of the law when it is developed, etc.), but there is no focus and clear indication of legal nature of gaps in the law. The author considers the above to be a fact which does not contribute to the efficiency of further studies in this area, since clear determination by the researchers of the “abnormality”, “normality”, “inherent nature” of gaps in the law or their “negative” or “positive”, “stimulating” nature is a substance for determining the quality and properties of this phenomenon of legal reality. Instead, the author expresses her own scientific view that gaps in the law are an objective phenomenon of legal reality which cannot be characterized as negative, and which patterns should be studied. In addition, the article contains thesis that gaps in the law are “situational”, which is one of characteristics and signs of the described phenomenon. In view of this, the author argues that solutions to the problem of gaps in the law are of a one-time nature, and after a legal response is gained thereto, it exhausts itself as a legal problem. At the same time, the author emphasizes that there is a correlation between the role and significance of determining the legal nature of gaps in the law and the processes and circle of entities addressing the issue of gaps in the law in each particular case. Namely, when it comes to the lawmaking body, it “fills” gaps in the law, and accordingly, this happens in the course of a lawmaking process, i.e., adoption of laws, and the enforcement officer is able to promptly “eliminate” gaps in the law, while resolving a specific legal situation, but not to overcome the gap, as this will happen in the course of law enforcement. In turn, the term “filling” gaps in the law is a generalized category and correlates with two above-mentioned terms as “part” and the “whole”. Despite this, the judicial literature completely ignores this correlation of categories and concepts with each other, which has profound substantive consequences, since adequate use thereof determines quality of the study and quality of conclusions of scientific research on legal nature of gaps in the law.

АРХЕТИПЫ И МИФОЛОГЕМЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМАХ И МЕТАФОРАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА

In modern linguistics, one of the pressing issues is the problem of determining the essence of mythologemes and archetypes, as well as their functions. This article examines the archetypes and mythologems that form the deep semantics of Russian phraseological units and metaphors. Phraseologisms of the Russian language, which constitute a separate special layer of the vocabulary as a whole, have always been of interest to researchers. The formation of their stable semantics is the result of the historical development of mankind. Phraseological units of language and metaphors of collective consciousness always appeal to human experience. Since ancient times, humanity has sought to find an answer to the question of the creation of the world and man, to explain the reality around it, and this desire remains relevant for modern human society. Man's original desire to explain the essence of the universe is reflected in myths. Since man’s first attempts to explain the phenomena of reality are enshrined in myths, we turn to concepts such as “archetype” and “mythologem”, which are directly units of myth. This work analyzes several phraseological units and metaphors of the Russian language, the meanings of which are motivated by archetypes and mythologems of mass consciousness. From time immemorial, myths have never lost their relevance in human life and society. After all, a myth always establishes an idea as an ideal and at the same time is a guarantee of the stability of this ideal. It is in myths that the basic ideas of morality are contained (the ideas of good - evil, friend - stranger, Divine - Demonic, etc.), according to which orders are established in modern society. It is these ideas of morality, the binary oppositions of good and bad, which are preserved in mythologems, that perform the function of controlling the semantics of phraseological units and metaphors in the language. By comparing language and the mythological consciousness of society, we can determine the semantic core of phraseological units and the logic of the appearance in the language of certain metaphors that are associated with prototypes in the collective unconscious.

Koncepto turinio aprašymas remiantis kategorijos analize: koncepto „miesčioniškumas“ atvejis

The article discusses how different types of material can be used for concept content analysis. The analysis was based on the content associated with the category of philistinism and examples of conceptual metaphors of philistinism. The research conducted shows that this type of research material allows us to see a greater variety of features associated with the spoken concept and to reveal more nuances of the concept of philistinism associated with the worldview of the Lithuanian language. The analysis of the examples of verbalisation of the category of philistinism leads to the conclusion that this phenomenon of non-linguistic reality can be described as a combination of several mutually supporting features. The results of this analysis are complemented by a description of the actualisation of conceptual metaphors of philistinism in language. Significant features of the concept of philistinism are fear of change, emphasis on comfort and convenience, bad taste, lack of progress, stagnation and dormancy.

INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND WAYS FOR IMPROVEMENT

In the article, the author, by analyzing various points of view, proposes theoretical and practical ways to improve such a complex phenomenon of constitutional and legal reality as constitutional regulation of social relations. Considering the dynamics of the development of digitalization products and the deepening of this process, as well as its impact on constitutional matter, the lack of unified universal criteria, the author considers it necessary to invite deputies of the Senate and Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, representatives of executive authorities, scientists to begin work on the popularization of constitutional terms reflecting the influence digitalization, initiate systematic work to include such a comprehensive document as the “Concept of constitutional regulation of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. According to the author, in addition to terms, it should also include a set of practical actions, in particular conducting constitutional monitoring, adding effective constitutional instruments such as constitutional incentives and constitutional permissions, etc. In practical terms, the concept of the development of constitutional regulation will allow us to formulate a holistic view of the directions of regulation of social relations, determine the areas of constitutional regulation, and the role of state bodies in this process. Specifying the goals, objectives, and stages of the sequence of measures that contribute to the development of constitutional regulation will ensure the improvement of constitutional regulation and will also solve several pressing problems - constitutional norms correspond to legal reality, would not allow for their arbitrary interpretation, and would establish uniform standards of behavior for subjects of legal relations. Understanding that this process will take more than one day, we note that in the opinion of the author, the state has all the necessary resources to carry out this work.

Efficiency as a tool for measuring law-making and its policy

In the scientific work, the author made an attempt to establish the methodological significance of the category «efficiency» in terms of the dimension of law-making and law-making policy. Attention is focused on the relevance of strengthening the scientific development of the methodology of studying law- making and its policy. It was emphasized that law-making requires systematic analysis, improvement of law-making mechanisms and the involvement of a wide range of experts to ensure the effective functioning of the legal system. Taking into account the constant changes in the social and political life of our country and the need to adapt legislation to European standards, law-making activity becomes an even more relevant phenomenon that not only needs its own scientific research, but also measurement for its effectiveness. Therefore, the relevance of the topic of this scientific work is determined both by the possibility of measuring the effectiveness of law-making, and by the necessity of such a measurement in order to provide a comprehensive assessment of the practice of law-making in Ukraine. The analysis of the views of scientists, which relate to the methodological significance of effectiveness as a tool for measuring the phenomena of legal reality, has been carried out. It is concluded that efficiency is a multidimensional tool that should establish the effectiveness of both directly law-making (on the micro-level) and the entire law-making policy (on the macro-level). It is noted that law-making and law-making policy can be studied from the point of view of their effectiveness, the results of which will have either a substantive nature (law-making effectiveness) or a strategic nature (law-making policy effectiveness). From the point of view of methodological significance, efficiency as a tool for measuring law-making and law-making policy is an independent: 1) a way of measuring indicators that reflect the result of the functioning of law-making or law-making policy; 2) a means of identifying and characterizing the role and purpose of law-making and its policy in socio-political and legal aspects; 3) a mechanism for identifying deficiencies in law-making activity and the content of law-making policy; 4) a prerequisite for substantiating ways of improving law-making activity and the content of law-making policy.

Russia’s Image in False Mirror of Russophobia

The article analyses russophobia as a tool for creating a distorted image of Russia. The publications in the Russian media serve as the material for the study. These publications, on the one hand, represent the falsified perception of our country by the collective West, and on the other hand, are part of the official mass media discourse in the promotion of universal and state values. The research is carried out in compliance with the imagological paradigm. Modelling is the main method of the analysis. Modelling provides the opportunity to investigate and describe the phenomena of reality taking into account the existential, cognitive, discursive, and axiological characteristics of object under analysis. Russophobia in the present research is considered as a discursive practice with its own existential, axiological, linguistic characteristics, and content, which are determined by the peculiarities of the modern geopolitical situation. As a result of the analysis of empirical material, the following characteristics of the analyzed phenomenon are revealed: russophobia is, first of all, the activity of the Ukrainian authorities; russophobia is equated with xenophobia, nationalism and nazism; russophobia is a political technology of the fight against Russia. From a linguistic point of view, russophobia possesses the following characteristics: militant, rabid, manic, cave-like, attributed to a specific geographical name. The paper presents an analysis of the metaphorical content of russophobia in the official mass media discourse. The Research prospects are outlined.

Общий искусственный интеллект, информация и сознание: об интерпретации Д.И. Дубровского

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and its interpretation proposed by the Russian philosopher David Dubrovsky in his recent research papers. The first part of the article briefly outlines the current approaches to defining the concept of “artificial general intelligence”, including interpreting it as an artificial intelligent system capable of achieving common goals in a variety of environments. Referring to the texts of the most influential foreign researchers and developers, the author demonstrates the parallels between their proposed approaches to understanding general artificial intelligence and those interpretations proposed by David Dubrovsky and his co-authors. In particular, the commonality in the interpretations of the concept of the “world model” (Yan LeCun) and the concept of “techno-umwelt” is shown, as well as parallels between the hypothesis of “universal embodied AI” (Ben Herzel) and the arguments of the Russian philosopher about the possible implementation of AI through its involvement in various types of interactions with various worlds, virtual and physical. In the second part of the article, the potential of using the information approach developed by David Dubrovsky to solve the mind-body problem as a basis for explaining the phenomenon of general artificial intelligence is outlined. It is shown that despite the need to refine the concept of information causality proposed by the philosopher, his theory can contribute to a better understanding of the connection of possible AGI competencies with the phenomena of subjective reality. In conclusion, the key problems that currently make it difficult to find an answer to the question of the dependence of the qualities of general artificial intelligence on the presence of phenomenal consciousness are outlined. The emphasis is placed on the need to continue interdisciplinary cooperation between representatives of cognitive sciences, developers and philosophers, whose interaction is designed to help solve the characteristic difficulties associated with both the problem of conceptualizing the concept of “artificial general intelligence” and the problem of identifying consciousness in artificial intelligent systems

Research on External Manifestation of Character Existentialism in Chinese Animation in the New Media Era - Taking The Outcast, Killer Seven and Incarnation as Examples

Existentialism, after over a century of development, has evolved from a philosophical idea into a way of life. In recent years, a group known as "refined egoists" has emerged in both reality and animated works. The appearance of these extreme existentialists who ignore social responsibility reveals that in this era of transition between old and new ideologies, existentialist thought has awakened in people's value systems. This article intends to analyze the external manifestations of character’s existentialism in animation works to summarize the reflections of objective phenomena in reality and to discuss the contradictions and problems that the current young generation are facing between themselves and society. This article uses qualitative research methods to analyze representative characters from three animated series, The Outcast, Killer Seven, and Incarnation, and uses a thematic analysis method that combines existentialism theory to summarize the external manifestations of characters in terms of their internal conflicts, conflicts between individuals, and conflicts between individuals and society. These manifestations include the denial of determinism, affirmation of subjectivity under relative justice, identification with minority groups, denial of authority, and autonomous choice of values. Young generation people are confronted with unprecedentedly great uncertainty and insecurity brought about by the freedom of choice, as well as the social reality of the gradual awakening of existentialist consciousness in contemporary society.

«Матч должен состояться при любой погоде» (к 95-летнему юбилею Давида Израилевича Дубровского)

The life path of the domestic philosopher David Izrailevich Dubrovsky, whose 95th anniversary we celebrated in March 2024, allows us today to return to Russian philosophy in its history and trace how intellectual discussions on the “psychophysiological problem” evolved among psychologists, physiologists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers (including “analysts”) working both in our country and abroad. The scientific biography of the jubilarian demonstrates the main qualities of his personality – constancy and perseverance in achieving goals. These qualities accompanied him in the battles of the Great Patriotic War and today help him defend his conceptual positions in scientific and philosophical discussions. His major monographs, “Psychic Phenomena and the Brain. A Philosophical Analysis of the Problem in Connection with Some Current Tasks of Neurophysiology, Psychology, and Cybernetics” (1971), “Information, Consciousness, Brain” (1980), “The Problem of the Ideal” (1983; 2nd ed. 2002), “The Problem of ‘Consciousness and Brain’: Theoretical Solution” (2015), demonstrate that for the last 60 years he has been studying the connection between phenomena of subjective reality and physiological processes occurring in the brain. In addition to presenting the main stages of D.I. Dubrovsky’s intellectual movement, the article highlights his role as a scientific organizer in the creation and work of the Scientific Council under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the methodology of artificial intelligence and cognitive research

PUNISHMENT AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL-MORAL PHENOMENON

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of punishment as a complex phenomenon of reality, which combines the most important postulates of the development and improvement of personality, society and the state, based on cultural values and norms. It acts as an important regulator of the external and internal components of human behavior in society, bearing moral guidelines – the dignity of personality, humanism, justice, mercy. Tasks. The author has to identify socio-cultural and spiritual and moral features in the phenomenon of punishment by understanding the value-normative component of society when applying negative sanctions to the violator (mutual transition from social to cultural, the use of the Talion principle and the Golden Rule of Morality). Methodology. The basis of the presented research is formed by comparative, phenomenological, cultural and philosophical research methods that allow us to reveal the essence and features of the interdisciplinary nature of the phenomenon of punishment in the diversity and multidimensional nature of its underlying values and norms. Results. The results of the work are that the author comes to the conclusion that the phenomenon of punishment contains spiritual, moral and socio-cultural elements. At the interdisciplinary level, it is possible to address the deep foundations of the external and internal behavioral act of a person manifested in society. The scope of the results. The results of the study can be applied in the field of socio-political design and forecasting.

Magical Phenomena in Reality in Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson and The Olympians: The Lightning Thief

This research examines the elements of magical realism, using descriptive qualitative method, a literary genre depicting magic in the modern world, in Rick Riordan's "Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief." Applying Wendy B. Faris' theory of magical realism's five characteristics: the irreducible element, the phenomenal world, unsettling doubts, merging realism, and disruption of time/space/identity. The research identifies these aspects in the novel. The analysis reveals the novel contains irreducible magical elements like worlds, characters, and objects, exemplified by Percy's encounter with the shape-shifting monster Erinyes disguised as his teacher. The phenomenal world encompasses magical places and beings. Unsettling doubts arise from Percy directly addressing the reader about his experiences. Merging realism intertwines the magical realm rooted in myths with the tangible world, as monsters and gods frequently intermingle with reality. Disruption of time manifests when Percy experiences slowed time at the Lotus Hotel during his quest. The study concludes that "The Lightning Thief" exhibits all five characteristics of magical realism by integrating mythological magic into the contemporary setting. Irreducible magical elements, a phenomenal, magical world, narrator-induced unsettling doubts, the merging of mythical and real realms, and space-time distortions collectively categorize the novel as an exemplar of magical realist fiction.

GENERAL PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CATEGORY “OBJECTIVE” AS ELEMENT OF OBJECTIVES IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

The article revealed general philosophical and legal aspects of the category “goal” as an element of goal-setting norms of administrative law. Emphasis is placed on the fact that: 1) in the theory of law, the concept of “law in the objective sense” is defined as the result of rule-making activity and characterized as a system of legal norms; 2) the real realization of the goals of the right in an objective sense is acquired through law-making activity and through other forms of realization of the right; 3) “legal norm” as a static phenomenon has its own goals, because they are formed by the subject of norm-making and are the result of his goal-setting; 4) “law” as a general concept that characterizes all mandatory rules of conduct contained in the sources of national legislation also has its own goals, the main ones of which were formed in ancient times, but this does not exclude the possibility of correlation of such goals in the future. It has been established that the study of the goal as a key category of goal-setting norms of administrative law presupposes its study, on the one hand, as a general philosophical or general sociological concept, which is inherent in all types of purposeful activity (general philosophi­cal aspect), and, on the other hand, as a multifaceted concept that can acquire its substantive features depending on the level of legal regulation, the subject of goal-setting or the sphere of social relations where the relevant norms of law are implemented (legal aspect). It is proved that in the philosophy of law, the following basic approach to the interpretation of the concept of “goal” was formed - the goal is always a subjective reflection of objective reality in ideal images, although the definitions can be as follows - “it is an idealized need of a person who has found his object”, “this is such a subjective image of the object of activity, in the ideal form of which the result of human activity is assumed”, “imaginary, ideal image of the result of action”, etc. It was concluded that the legal aspect of the “goal” category consists in the analysis of the factors determining the goal of the subject of rule-making activity, the place, role and types of goals in legal regulation, methods of identifying and formalizing the goals of the subject of rule-making activity, etc. These aspects of the category “goal” reveal its meaning in different legal dimensions, which can be closely interconnected (for example, the goals of administrative law, the goals of administrative-legal regulation, the goals of administrative law norms), and can exist in parallel without interfering with each other one (for example, the goals of administrative proceedings and the goals of the development of the information society in Ukraine. It was found that none of the existing goals of law or norms of law are individually (independently) capable of giving a comprehensive idea of the phenomenon of “goals” in law. This can only be done on the basis of comprehensive, integrative and systematic analysis of the goal as a multifaceted phenomenon in legal reality.

Social Sciences (Miscellaneous): Categories of Morality and Ethics in Modern Dominant Socio-Philosophical Concepts

Annotation. This article is devoted to the analysis of the categories of morality and ethics in the modern socio-philosophical concepts dominating in the world. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" as socio-philosophical categories and as phenomena of social reality. In particular, morality in the work is understood as a set of ideas accepted in a particular society (which can be formalized in the form of regulations, legal customs and judicial precedents, or reflected in traditions, folklore, linguistic culture and other stable forms of social communication) about possible and acceptable boundaries of human behavior and his relationship to the surrounding reality (primarily society, man and nature), through the prism of which a person manifests himself as a thinking being with freedom of internal choice. In turn, ethics in work is understood as the internal side of morality, which is formed in a person in the process of interiorization of his psyche, which is a set of ideas conscious and accepted by a given person about the possible and acceptable boundaries of his behavior, as well as about his relationship to the surrounding reality (material and the immaterial world). The article substantiates the concept of a dominant socio-philosophical concept and provides a system of features identifying it. The authors analyze current trends in the positioning of the concepts of "morality" and "ethics" in the main socio-philosophical concepts dominant in the modern world: neoliberalism; neoconservatism; liberalism; conservatism; neo-anarchism; neo-marxism; marxism (proletarian internationalism); anti-globalism; alter-globalism; global constitutionalism; Islamic radical fundamentalism; Shiism; Sunnism, traditional and Orthodox Judaism, Chabadism. The work substantiates the position that the processes of globalization, which currently cover all of humanity, lead to an extremely negative tendency to smooth out contradictions regarding the ideas of the dominant socio-philosophical concepts on the model of man within their framework, one of the typifying features of which is the formation in human society of a new morality (an anti-moral person), whose behavior and attitude to the surrounding reality is increasingly determined by the system of his desires and needs, which, in turn, are increasingly formed in a manipulative manner by the global managing elites represented by the global managing class, without having any relation to the real needs of both individual citizens and society as a whole, ensuring their preservation and full development as rational, self-aware and free individuals.

THE GENESIS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REALITY

Introduction. The article considers historical and legal origins of the foundations of the legal status of an individual in the European system of protection of human rights and freedoms as part of international legal reality of the region. The work examines the phenomenon of the legal status of a person in the European international legal reality in view of its modern normative regulation, protection mechanisms at the regional level and worldview sources of the evolution of its foundations. Summary of the main research results. It was determined that the European international legal reality is a regional phenomenon of international law and includes universal and European regional norms and principles, sub-regional European international legal acts, legal culture and legal consciousness, moral value characteristics and institutions of European international law. The latter is closely related to the phenomenon of the European international legal reality in terms of reflecting the objective legal realm in Europe. The main purpose of the functioning of the European international legal reality is the protection of human rights and freedoms in the region. The regional system of protection of human rights and freedoms is an integral part of the European international legal reality and guarantees the fundamentals of the legal status of a person in Europe. The main principles of the legal status of a person in the European international legal reality are the general principles and standards of law, the moral, value and ideological characteristics of European international law. The genesis of the foundations of the legal status of a person in Europe and European identity in general is ancient Roman law, Christian dogmas and Germanic customs. It was the preservation of the main system-forming components of the Roman legal complex of principles and norms, the influence of Christian spirituality concept on the general European attitude towards the individual and the separation of the Romano-Germanic legal family features on the basis of Germanic phenomenon that became the basis of the modern European legal reality and laid the foundations of the individual's legal position. Conclusions. At the current stage of the European international legal reality development, the legal status of a person is a fundamental category that emerged and evolved on the basis of centuries-old legal traditions of the region. Current regulatory and legal consolidation and functioning of regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights and freedoms is the result of historical and legal evolution of the foundations of the legal status of a person in Europe.

Formation of Three-Dimensional Thinking as one of the Significant Professional Qualities of an Architect

The article touches upon the problems of the professional formation of an architect, the development of his three-dimensional thinking in the process of studying the disciplines of the artistic cycle. The architect's vision must meet the strict requirements imposed by the specifics of visual activity, the laws of figurative literacy and the tasks of a particular stage of work, correlate with the ultimate ideals and purpose of creative activity. In the study of light as a means of artistic expression, an important role must be given to the psychology of the perception of light in nature and in the image. Only having a developed three-dimensional thinking a student can convincingly and accurately convey the character of a three-dimensional shape, its plasticity and movement.The recognition of three-dimensional forms, including natural objects based on three-dimensional vision of images, through an accurate assessment of light and shadow gradations, adequate transfer of color phenomena of reality to the possibilities of the visual sphere and skillful modeling of forms depicted by light and shadow, becomes an emphasis in the training of an architect. The position of color in the image of shapes in space is no less significant.Pedagogical techniques for the formation of three-dimensional thinking of students and the development of their graphic skills in drawing three-dimensional objects, including architectural ones, are based on scientific discoveries of scientists, scientists and artists since the Renaissance.The integrity of perception, attention to detail, the study of space, understanding of form, possession of means of shaping and the image of a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional format are becoming universal criteria that allow us to talk about the high-quality training of future architects.

Philosophical Analysis of Choreographic Language: The Nature and Specificity of Dance Expressiveness

Productive analysis of the language of choreographic art in order to determine the specifics of dance expressiveness requires the solution of three main tasks. Firstly, to explain the mechanism of functioning of the kinetic language; secondly, to highlight the expressive possibilities of dance, mime and plasticity; thirdly, to understand the ontological foundations of human motor activity in dance. It is not possible to solve the set tasks within the framework of cultural or semiotic approaches only. In this way, the phenomenon of dance is interpreted according to its representation in artistic culture, in the context of its functioning in the process of semiosis, and dance movements are initially endowed with communicative properties. The solution of the set tasks was carried out at the level of philosophical reflection. It was determined that a human being, as a result of the association of ideas and impressions in his consciousness, is peculiar to endow all objects and phenomena of reality perceived by him with meaning. Thus, the association of ideas and impressions in the human consciousness is the functional basis of kinetic language. But absolutely any manifestation of human motor activity can be endowed with meaning in a similar way. That is why dance, pantomime and plasticity — three related expressive means using human body movements as a material — were singled out in the kinetic language. Since it is impossible to understand the nature of dance movements on the basis of their external features, a hypothesis was proposed according to which these features themselves are conditioned by the inner state of mind of the dancer. Dance was defined as a type of human motor activity genetically connected with the “affect of joy” and aimed at maintaining and preserving its action. The conclusion is made: the specificity of dance expressiveness lies in the translation of a unique human state of mind, which is characterized by the feeling of unity of the rise of the body’s vitality and the increased ability of the soul to feel and perceive life in its fullness.

The Mediating Effect of Organizational Capabilities and High-Performance Work System on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Competitive Advantage of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

The aim of this research was to examine the mediation effect of Organizational Capabilities and High-Performance Work System on the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Kenya's selected manufacturing firms' competitive advantage. Data from 400 senior management staff of sampled firms with an employment level of between fifty-one (51) and five hundred persons (500) were collected using a descriptive research design. By adding together all of the codes from all 400 respondents, the mean responses on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 for each of the tested items were determined. The researcher equated the firms' competitive advantage with a reality phenomenon that prevails in Kenya, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Hence, in the spirit of accuracy, the researcher examined its prevalence and predicators by reviewing relevant empirical literature that concerned theories. It is from this that a conceptual framework was constructed with a set of variables: Transformational Leadership (TL) as an independent Variable (IV), Organizational Capabilities (OCs) as the first mediator (M1), High-Performance Work System (HPWS) as the second mediator (M2) and Competitive Advantage (CA) as the dependent Variable (DV). According to the study's findings, manufacturing companies face difficulties in gaining a competitive advantage. As a result, managers should develop a high-performance work system that can influence the firms' organizational capabilities and help them attain a competitive advantage. The study's findings add to the body of knowledge regarding Human Resource Practices, specifically HPWS and extend the literature on the relationship between Transformational Leadership, Organizational Capabilities, and Competitive Advantage. Ultimately, the study established that Organizational Capabilities mediated the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Competitive Advantage for manufacturing firms in Kenya. Additionally, the findings clarified the alignment of Organizational Capabilities and HPWS with CA for manufacturing firms in Kenya.

Rasionalitas Kebijakan Desentralisasi Pendidikan di Provinsi Lampung (Kenyataan dan Harapan)

This research uses Max Weber's theory of rationality to describe the reality, hopes, and rationality of educational decentralization, which are included in the rational category or vice versa. Data was collected through interviews, and observations related to the phenomenon of reality, hopes, and rationality of educational decentralization in Lampung Province and analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that in reality, the education decentralization policy in Lampung Province is rational. Based on instrumental theory, guaranteed education costs (free school), educational infrastructure and educational scholarships can support the ability of decentralization policies. Rationality in the value at which individuals decide to continue or not to continue their education is relatively stable at the basic education level in Lampung province. In the affective rationale, the conditions between individual objects of education such as students and teachers are the spearhead of education at the lower level. Education personnel must shape the character of their students in line with freedom of learning in the world of education. However, traditional rationality, namely custom, ethnicity and religion, does not influence education decentralization policies. The hope for the future is that the decentralization of education in Lampung Province requires strengthening each region's commitment so that progressive education is implemented evenly and cannot be separated from the responsibility of the regional government.

Legal Education Aspects Among the youth in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The main problem: The development of theoretical aspects of legal education, legal awareness. Organizational forms of legal education. Forms and methods of education of legal awareness, legal culture. Features of the formation of legal culture in the modern period. Problems of improving legal culture and legal education. Legal education forms a sense of confidence and independence in the legal sphere among the population of the state, thereby stimulating the legal activity of an individual, which presupposes voluntary, conscious, proactive, socially and morally responsible human behavior. Purpose: The article deals with the legal education of modern youth. The means of forming a legal culture are the promotion of law, the development of legal knowledge among citizens, the practical strengthening of the rule of law, the presence of a strong legal science, the improvement of the system of legal acts, which is achieved due to the presence in the state of a democratic, effective constitution and high legal and technical-legal quality of laws and by-laws. Methods: Methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study was made up of: generally recognized methods of scientific research of the phenomena of reality in their interrelation and interdependence both at the theoretical level (systemic, comparative legal, formal legal, historical methods of analysis, etc.) and at the empirical level (statistical analysis, questionnaires, research of documents, printed publications); the main provisions of the theory of criminal law, ethics, philosophy, psychology; rules of formal logic. The results and their significance: In this regard, there is a need to create a Republican Center for Legal Education at the Institute of State and Law, which will provide scientific research on the problems of legal education and upbringing, the development of the content and methodology of legal education at all levels of continuing education of students.

Criminal Legal Characteristics of Subjects of Crimes Against Morality

The main problem is the relevance of the research topic. The history of the development of civilization shows that law and morality as components of the spiritual culture of society are organically linked to each other. The legal system of any state enshrines the moral requirements and moral principles that are vital for the whole society. When creating norms or improving them, the legislator must take into account the state of the public moral culture of the population so that the laws being developed are fair and perceived by members of society. Purpose: The purpose of the study is the further theoretical development of a set of criminal law issues related to determining the place of morality in the system of objects of criminal law protection, their role in the system of measures to combat crime, as well as the development on this basis of proposals and recommendations for improving criminal legislation regulating liability for attacks on public morality. Methods: Methodology and methodology of the study. The methodological basis of the study was made up of: generally recognized methods of scientific research of the phenomena of reality in their interrelation and interdependence both at the theoretical level (systemic, comparative legal, formal legal, historical methods of analysis, etc.) and at the empirical level (statistical analysis, questionnaires, research of documents, printed publications); the main provisions of the theory of criminal law, ethics, philosophy, psychology; rules of formal logic. The results and their significance: The stated circumstances, as well as the lack of elaboration and discussion of most of the provisions related to the modern legal regulation of crimes against public morality and their qualifications, determined the choice of the research topic. Crimes against morality are mostly committed intentionally. For example, involvement in prostitution, the organization of brothels for prostitution or maintenance, as well as other types of criminal acts directed against humanity (morality), are committed with direct intent. A person who organizes and maintains brothels for prostitution is aware that he is doing this for profit. Among the crimes committed against humanity (morality), animal abuse is committed mainly out of hooligan motives.