Phenolic Content Of Aqueous Extracts Research Articles

Effect of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass in stress induced depression in Swiss mice

BackgroundThe consumption of green juice of Barley and wheat grass is widely increases because of its therapeutic benefits. ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate phytochemicals and evaluate the antioxidant and antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass. Material and methodsThis study included phytochemical screening, evaluation of antioxidant and antidepressant activities. Four groups consisting of six mice in each group. Negative control with stressed induced mice; imipramine group (100 mg/kg), barley and wheat extract group (400 mg/kg) respectively. Forced swim, tail suspension and elevated plus maize test were carried out to evaluate the antianxiety and antidepressant activity. ResultsPhytochemical screening of barley and wheat grass extract showed secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Saponin, Tannins, Phenolic, Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Flavonoids, and Proteins. The mean total phenolic content of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass was 160.996 ± 0.656, 135.63 ± 1.184 mg equivalent of GAE/g respectively. The total flavonoid content of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass was 153.42 ± 0.40, 133.14 ± 0.43 mg equivalent of quercetin/g respectively. The extracts were proved to be an effective radical scavenger in all antioxidant assays. Forced swim and tail suspension test showed a significant (∗p < 0.05 and ∗∗p < 0.01) decrease in an immobility time. In elevated plus maize, there was a significant (∗∗p < 0.01) increase in average time spent on the open arm of the extract-treated group as compared to the negative control. ConclusionIt shows that barley and wheat grass extract has antidepressant effect.

English

Edraianthus pumilio is stenoendemic plant native to Dalmatia, Croatia. This paper deals with its phytochemical and biological profile. Phytochemical profile of volatile oil was performed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while total phenolic content of its aqueous extract was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical analysis showed that the main volatile oil compounds were nonanal (21.2%) and myristicin (16.4%). This oil could be characterized as nonanal-myristicin type. Total phenolic content of aqueous extract was 30.6 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g extract. Results of testing antioxidant potential of E. pumilio volatile oil and aqueous extract showed low antioxidant potentials as tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results also showed low acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential of volatile oil and low to moderate potential of aqueous extract, as tested by Ellman method. Key words: Edraianthus pumilio (Schult.) A. DC., volatile oil, aqueous extract, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Ellman.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF ALPINIA CALCARATA AND ALPINIA GALANGA

Objective: The present study was to determine in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga.Methods: The phytochemical screening of rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavanoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and Aluminium chloride reagents. The various antioxidant assays and cytotoxic assays (MTT) for Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga was performed using standard methods (DPPH radical scavenging assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Reducing power assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay) Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga showed the presence of flavanoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The phenolic content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 454.05 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 480.13 μg/mg and were expressed as gallic acid equivalent. The flavanoid content of aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata was 36.34 μg/mg and Alpinia galanga was 67.68 μg/mg and were expressed as quercetin equivalent. In DPPH assay, Alpinia galanga showed 95.36% where as Alpinia calcarata showed 54.54% at 120 μg/ml. The maximum NO• radical scavenging activity was 59.44% for Alpinia calcarata and was 73.10% for Alpinia galanga at 120 µg/ml concentration. The maximum reducing property was found at the 120 μg/ml of aqueous extract of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga which was higher than the Alpinia calcarata. In Phosphomolybdenum assay, the aqueous extracts of rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga were 55.47% and 78.38% respectively. The results of present investigation indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays than Alpinia galanga. The cytotoxicity assay results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study indicate that rhizome of Alpinia galanga are abundant in phenols and flavanoids which may be useful for the development of anticancer drug.

Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of certain medicinal plants

Aqueous extracts were prepared from eight medicinal plants and other plants were prepared as essential oils. The radical-scavenging ability of each plant extract was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content of plants was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent in terms of gallic acid equivalents. The DPPH scavenging potential of the aqueous extracts ranged from 17 to 79%, whereas the essential oils showed inhibition of the DPPH activity in the 12–88% range. The highest inhibition of DPPH radicals was observed for Pinus halepensis extract. Meanwhile, amongst the essential oils, the greatest antioxidant potential was exhibited by Nigella sativa. The Bauhinia variegate extract had the highest phenolic content (149.18 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), followed by Albizzia lebbeck (148.00 mg/g) and Pinus halepensis (145.67 mg/g), whereas, amongst the essential oils, the highest phenolic content (98.57 mg/g) was found for Thymus vulgaris. The lowest contents were observed for Kigelia africana and Rosmarinus officinalis. The antioxidant activity had a positive correlation (R=0.654) with the phenolic content of most aqueous extracts, whereas it had a weak correlation using the essential oils (R=0.335). This confirms that the phenolic content of aqueous extracts may contribute towards their antioxidant properties.

Ethnobotanical study, antifungal activity, phytochemical screening and total phenolic content of Algerian Aristolochia longa.

Aim:Aristolochia longa (from the family Aristolochiaceae) is widely used in Algerian traditional medicine. Here, we document ethnomedicinal uses by local population of Mascara province (West Algeria) and we evaluate the antifungal activity, the phytochemical composition and total phenolic content of aqueous extract (decoction) of the roots of A. longa from Algeria.Materials and Methods:The ethnobotanical investigation was carried out in Mascara Province (West Algeria). Antifungal activity was assessed against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Total phenolic content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent.Results:Our results showed that A. longa is widely used to treat several ailments such as cancer (38%), skin infections (14%), and diabetes (11%). Crushed roots are commonly used (89%) mixed with honey, milk, water or other medicinal plants. A. longa aqueous extract induced growth inhibition of S. cerevisiae cells in a dose - and time - dependent manner. An effective suppression of S. cerevisiae (97.06% inhibition of proliferation) was obtained at the 500 µg/mL after 72 h. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed that A. longa aqueous extract contained various bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids. Total phenolic content in A. longa aqueous extract was found to be 6.07 ± 0.12 mg (gallic acid equivalents)/g.Conclusion:A. longa may be considered as a promising source of new drugs for treating cancer and as a good antifungal agent.