Phenolic Compounds In Shoots Research Articles

Antioxidant Responses of Phenolic Compounds and Immobilization of Copper in Imperata Cylindrica, a Plant with Potential Use for Bioremediation of Cu Contaminated Environments.

This work examined the capability of Imperata cylindrica to respond, tolerate and accumulate Cu when growing at high Cu concentration (300 mg kg−1 of substrate) at different times of exposure (2, 14 and 21 days). The Cu accumulation in plants was examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Cu localized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy. Additionally, the phenolic compound identifications and concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Our results showed that root biomass decreased significantly at high Cu levels, with a greater decrease at 21 days (39.8% less biomass in comparison to control). The root showed 328 mg Cu kg−1 dry weight at 21 days of exposure to Cu, being the tissue that accumulates most of the Cu. Lipid peroxidation was a clear indicator of Cu stress, principally in shoots. The exposure to Cu significantly increased the synthesis of phenolic compounds in shoots of plants exposed 21 days to Cu, where 5-caffeoylquinic acid reached the highest concentrations. Our results support that I. cylindrica is a Cu accumulator plant in root organs with a medium level of accumulation (between 200–600 mg Cu kg−1 biomass), which can tolerate the exposure to high Cu levels by means of increasing the synthesis of phenolic compound in shoots, suggesting a potential use as phytoremediation tool in Cu polluted environments.

Silver nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and phenotype variation in chrysanthemum

Despite the tremendous progress in breeding, novel and user-friendly techniques of plant improvement are desirable. The study aimed to analyze the usefulness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the breeding of chrysanthemum: one of the top ornamental plant species. In vitro regeneration of adventitious shoots from internodes of chrysanthemum ‘Lilac Wonder’ was induced on the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.6 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and AgNPs at 0, 5, 10 and 20 ppm concentration. The efficiency of callogenesis and caulogenesis were analyzed after 10 weeks of culture. The concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds in shoots and calli were estimated. Plants obtained from 20 ppm AgNPs treatment were additionally analyzed on the genetic level using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. In vitro rooted shoots were acclimatized in the glasshouse and subjected to biochemical and phenotype stability evaluation. AgNPs at the highest concentration (20 ppm) suppressed both callogenesis and caulogenesis in vitro. The concentration of metabolites in callus was stable, regardless of AgNPs treatment, except for carotenoids which production was enhanced by 20 ppm AgNPs. In contrast, the content of chlorophyll a and b in shoots varied depending on AgNPs treatment. Polymorphic loci were detected in 12 and 9 AgNPs-treated-plants by RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively (one of which was common to both marker systems). Rooting and acclimatization were fully successful in all experimental combinations. Phenotype alternations were detected in six plants; one from 10 ppm AgNPs treatment and five from 20 ppm treatment. They included variation in pigment content (anthocyanins and carotenoids) and/or inflorescence shape. Interestingly, only two plants revealed both genetic and phenotype polymorphisms. No genetic or phenotype variation was detected in the control plants. In conclusion, AgNPs can be used in chrysanthemum breeding.

Содержание фенольных соединений в побегах багульника стелющегося (<i>Ledum decumbens</i> Lodd. ex Steud), произрастающего на территории Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа

Впервые проведена идентификация и определение количественного содержания некоторых фенольных соединений побегов багульника стелющегося, произрастающего в разных районах Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа, методом ВЭЖХ. Идентифицировано 9 соединений фенольной природы, которые представлены флавоноидами, фенолкарбоновыми кислотами, катехинами и дубильными веществами: танин, эпикатехин, галловая, хлорогеновая, кофейная кислоты, флавоноиды витексин, рутин, дигидрокверцетин, лютеолин-7-гликозид. Исследование багульника стелющегося может представлять интерес для его дальнейшего изучения с целью расширения отечественной сырьевой базы лекарственного растительного сырья. Присутствие в исследуемом сырье танина, галловой кислоты и витексина в значительных количествах дает нам возможность предположить широкий спектр фармакологической активности побегов багульника стелющегося.

Phenolic acid changes during Orobanche parasitism on faba bean and some other hosts

The present work is intended to provide further information on broomrape parasitism based on phenolic acid changes in either the host plant(s) or in each of the host and the parasite in the host-parasite system. Detection of phenolic acids was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the host and broomrape tissues. This was carried out first in shoots and roots of faba bean before (33-day-old) and after (65-, 74-, 80-day-old) broomrape infestation. Shoots and roots of faba bean and other prospective hosts (tomato and eggplant), during parasitism, at full juvenility of broomrape just before blooming, were also scanned. Chlorogenic acid occurred predominantly as phenolic compounds in shoots and roots of the host plants. The occurrence of chlorogenic acid was unique to the roots of the faba bean plant at different stages of development of the parasite, as well as in the roots of other infected hosts. In shoots of the infected hosts, inconsistent variations were observed in the ratios of caffeic, ferulic, as well as ortho-, para- and metacoumaric acids. Detection of phenolic acids in stems of broomrape, parasitizing faba bean, indicated the occurrence of chlorogenic acid at different stages of growth of the parasite. In addition to chlorogenic acid, the results also revealed the existence of M-coumaric acid at the emergence stage, P-coumaric and ferulic acids at early blooming and caffeic acid at the late blooming stage. Qualitative changes were also observed in broomrape tissue according to the type of host (faba bean, chamomile, eggplant, and cabbage). On the other hand, chlorogenic acid was the only phenolic compound detected in the corm-like tubercle tissue of broomrape with different hosts. The possible interference of phenolic acids in tissues of both the hosts and broomrape was discussed. KEY WORDS: Broomrape parasitism, Phenolic acids, HPLC, faba bean. Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.4 2002: 37-44