Phenanthroline Assay Research Articles

Centaurea dimorpha Viv. (Asteraceae) growing in Algeria extracts as a promising natural cosmetic active ingredient: Broad-spectrum photoprotection and antioxidant efficacy

Recently, plants have been considered as a valuable natural source of cosmetic active ingredientsowing to their sustainability and weak toxicity. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the cosmetic efficacy of Centaurea dimorpha Viv (Asteraceae), an endemic species of North Africa, as a promising natural cosmetic active ingredient. In the present study, Ethyl acetate and Butanolic extracts obtained from powdered Centaurea dimorpha aerial parts were investigated for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, which were evaluatedvia Folin-ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride methods, the in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging,phosphomolybdenum and phenanthroline assays, the UVB and broad spectrum protective efficacy was spectrophotometrically assessed by measuring SPF, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength (CW) indices. The highest levels of TPC and TFCwere recorded by the ethyl-acetate extract (119.20 ± 0.32 µg GAE mg-1, 50.65 ± 0.43 µg QEmg-1, respectively). Similarly, this extract displayed a significant antioxidant effect, particularly in the phenanthroline assay (152.63 ± 0.49 µg AAEmg-1). Ethyl acetate extract also showed UVB and broad-spectrum (UVB-UVA) protective efficacy (SPF=12.30 ± 0.001, UVA/UVB ratio=0.63 ± 0.001, λc= 371). The results obtained show the possibility to use Ethyl acetate extract as a promising active ingredient for sunscreen formulations.

Quantification, phytochemical evaluation, and identification of pomegranate yellow peel constituents using LC-MS/MS, the effect of the solvent extract on the antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities

Yellow pomegranate peel represents a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. This research focused on identifying the optimal solvent for extracting phenolic compounds from Algerian yellow pomegranate cultivars. Several antioxidant assays, including DPPH, GOR, CUPRAC, ABTS, reducing power, and phenanthroline, were employed to evaluate the extracts. Additionally, in vitro anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were assessed, complemented by in silico analyses. Molecular modeling explored the interaction between specific compounds (punicalagin-β, punicalagin-α, punicalin, gallic acid, and tannic acid) and various solvents. The study considered solvent effects using the MERA model and predicted biological activity and metabolism via CiS and CoMin algorithms. The aqueous extract exhibited remarkable antioxidant capacity, with notable IC50 values in ABTS (7.05±0.12 µg/mL), CUPRAC (7.40±0.79 µg/mL), reducing power (16.00±4.02 µg/mL), and phenanthroline assay (10.23±1.95 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hydro-methanolic extract displayed superior antibacterial efficacy against selected bacterial strains, while the aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited limited activity. These findings underscore the potential of yellow pomegranate peel as a source of bioactive molecules with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activities of Salvia balansae de Noé ex Coss

Abstract The present study evaluated the potential of Salvia balansae from the Aures Mountains as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Leaves, flowers, and stems were extracted separately using methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Phenolic compounds were quantified colorimetrically and identified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Antioxidant capacity was assessed using six different in vitro assays, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ferrous ion chelating, and phenanthroline assay, while the photo-protective capacity was evaluated using the sun protective factor. The methanolic flower extracts revealed the highest O-diphenol and phenolic levels (287.9 ± 0.50 and 147.87 ± 0.21 µg GAE/mg, respectively), whereas the acetonic and ethanolic leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid (72.17 ± 0.12 μg QE/mg) and flavonol (35.28 ± 0.05 μg QE/mg) levels, respectively. LC-MS was used to identify 18 phenolics, including quinic acid (5.051–69.69 ppm), luteolin-7-o-glucoside (7.802–44.917 ppm), apigenin-7-o-glucoside (3.751–68.507 ppm), and cirsiliol (2.081–15.608 ppm), distinguishing this Aures taxon. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean revealed variability in phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and photo-protective activity influenced by biological activities and the compound content. Overall, S. balansae demonstrated promising photo-protective capacity, the presence of key bioactive compounds, and wide-ranging antioxidant potential, presenting this endemic plant as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and photo-protective agents with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

A new acylated flavonol triglycoside and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Astragalus armatus subsp. numidicus (Murb.) Emb. & Maire

A new acylated flavonol triglycoside, quercetin-3-O-(5′-p-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus armatus subsp. numidicus (Murb.) Emb. & Maire as well as ten known compounds, one phenolic compound, one flavonol-aglycone and eight flavonol-glycosides distributed into two monoglycosides, three diglycosides and three triosides. Their structures were mainly determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments (1H,13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC). The chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and hydroethanol extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using five methods (DPPH, ABTS, Reducing power, CUPRAC and Phenanthroline). The ethyl acetate extract was the most active in CUPRAC (A0.5: 50.28 ± 2.16 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 49.73 ± 1.55 µg/mL) and Reducing power (A0.5: 58.13 ± 4.35 µg/mL) assays, whereas the hydroethanol and n-BuOH exhibited the highest activity in the Phenanthroline assay (A0.5: 9.93 ± 0.16) and (A0.5: 10.27 ± 0.44 µg/mL), respectively.

Phytochemical characterization, in vivo and in vitro biological activities of Atriplex lindleyi Moq. subsp. inflata

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAtriplex lindleyi Moq. subsp. inflata from Algeria is known for its traditional use for therapeutic properties. Aim of the studyWe analysed quantitatively and qualitatively the infusion and diethyl ether, n-butanol and ethereal extracts of A. lindleyi, as well as assessed their acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities. Materials and methodsThe total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay and the antinociceptive effect was evaluated using an acetic acid-induced writhing method. In addition, antioxidant activity was examined by three tests: DPPH, reducing power and phenanthroline assays. ResultsThe quantity of total phenols in the roots of A. lindleyi was larger than in the aerial parts, while the amounts of total flavonoids were larger in the aerial parts than in the roots. The HPLC profiles allowed us to identify 32 compounds belonging to the phenolic acid and flavonoid classes. Intraperitoneal administration of the infusions and phenolic extracts in mice did not cause any symptoms of toxicity or mortality. Results revealed that the aerial parts and roots of A. lindleyi had potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities and were higher than diclofenac and paracetamol, respectively. The diethyl ether extract (DEE) of aerial parts and roots showed the greatest antioxidant activity in comparison to the other tested extracts. ConclusionThe phenolic composition attempted to be identified by HPLC confers this plant's pharmacological potential. The antioxidant potential may be due to active ingredients, including ascorbic acid, in the two studied parts of A. lindleyi, which is a bioactive molecule with strong antioxidant properties. Also, detecting salicylic acid, the active antinociceptive ingredient of aspirin, gallic and ferulic acids may justify this subspecies' antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials.

Evaluation of the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of different extracts of Achillea odorata L.

The present study reports the chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Achillea odorata L. aerial parts of different extracts obtained using five solvents of varying polarities (decocted, hydro-ethanol, hydro-methanol, hydro-ethyl acetate and hydro-chloroform extracts). The chemical profile and the antioxidant potential were evaluated by measuring the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging, reducing the power of FeCl3 and phenanthroline assays. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant potential were generally shown by the methanol extract (AME). AME exhibited the highest values for total polyphenols content (424.94 ± 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dry extract), ABTS (13.46 ± 1.153 µg/mL), reducing the power of FeCl3 (9.918 ± 0.019 µg/mL) and phenanthroline (6.22 ±0.04 µg/mL). These results suggest that A. odorata L. possesses potential antioxidant compounds that could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative-related pathological processes. Keywords: Achillea odorata L., Antioxidant activity, Free radical scavenging, Polyphenols, Reducing power.

Phytochemical analysis by LC MS/ MS and in vitro antioxidant activity of the Algerian endemic plant Dianthus sylvestris subsp. aristidis (Batt.) Greuter & Burdet

<p>The present work aimed to carry out the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of hydro-methanolic, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts of Dianthus sylvestris subsp, aristidis (Batt,) Greuter & Burdet leaves. Phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) method respectively. Phytochemical analysis was determined by using LC-ESI-MS/MS method. Antioxidant activity, in vitro, was evaluated by six different assays including: DPPH scavenging, ABTS cation radical, Ferrous ions chelating, Phenanthroline, Reducing power and Silver nanoparticle. The findings showed that the butanolic extract was found to be higher in phenolics and flavonoids contents (121.45 ± 1.87 μg GAE/mg extract and 57.09±0.14 μg QE/mg extract respectively). While ethyl acetate extract was found to be higher in falvonols contents (41.90±0.98µg QE/mg extract). The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts revealed the presence of fifteen compounds among which: four phenolic acids, five flavonoids, one phenolic aldehyde and three vitamins, with P- coumaric acid, Hesperetin, Vanillin, Ascorbic Acid as major compounds respectively. The butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in Phenanthroline assay (A0,5: 17.75± 0.72 µg/mL and A0.5: 21.02 ± 0.43 µg/mL respectively). On the basis of the significant findings, D. sylvestris subsp, aristidis would be recommended as a new potential source of natural antioxidant for pharmaceutical industries.</p>

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for their application in the human body: Influence of the surface

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are of great interest in nanomedicine for imaging, drug delivery, or for hyperthermia treatment. Although many research groups have focused on the synthesis and application of IONs in nanomedicine, little is known about the influence of the surface properties on the particles' behavior in the human body. This study analyzes the impact of surface coatings (dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide-co-glycolide) on the nanoparticles’ cytocompatibility, agglomeration, degradation, and the resulting oxidative stress induced by the particle degradation. All particles, including bare IONs (BIONs), are highly cytocompatible (>70%) and show no significant toxicity towards smooth muscle cells. Small-angle X-ray scattering profiles visualize the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles and yield primary particle sizes of around 20 nm for the investigated nanoparticles. A combined experimental setup of dynamic light scattering and phenanthroline assay was used to analyze the long-term agglomeration and degradation profile of IONs in simulated body fluids, allowing fast screening of multiple candidates. All particles degraded in simulated endosomal and lysosomal fluid, confirming the pH-dependent dissolution. The degradation rate decreased with the shrinking size of particles leading to a plateau. The fastest Fe2+ release could be measured for the polyvinyl-coated IONs. The analytical setup is ideal for a quick preclinical study of IONs, giving often neglected yet crucial information about the behavior and toxicity of nanoparticles in the human body. Moreover, this study allows for the development and evaluation of novel ferroptosis-inducing agents.

Phytochemical profiling and antioxidant activity of Linum trigynum

In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), secondary metabolite composition (LC-HRMS/MS analyses) and antioxidant potential (DPPH, ABTS, GOR, CUPRAC, and phenanthroline assays) of Linum trigynum L. (LT) extracts were determined. Our results showed for the first time that the extracts (PE, CHCl3, AcOEt, and n-BuOH) of LT exert antioxidant activity. The AcOEt and n-BuOH extracts were the most antioxidant compared to the standards, and had a higher amount of TPC (323.51 ± 0.62; 229.98 ± 6.80 µg GAE/mL) and TFC (183.75 ± 1.17 and 157.50 ± 1.77 µg QE/mL), resectively. The high antioxidant properties of these extracts may be due to their major compounds (phenolic compounds) detected by LC-HRMS/MS analyses including flavonoids (40 compounds) and phenolic acids and derivatives (18 and 19 compounds, respectively). AcOEt and n-BuOH extracts of LT can be used as an excellent source of antioxidant phytochemicals to prevent or treat various diseases.

New aromatic hydrazones: Synthesis, structural analysis, DFT study, biological activity, ADME-T properties and in silico evaluation of their inhibition of SAS-CoV-2 main protease

Three new hydrazones namely: (2E)-1-(4-methylphenyl-2-[(thiophen-2-yl)methylidene]hydrazine (HZ-1), (2E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-[(thiophen-3yl)methylidene]hydrazine (HZ-2) and (1E)-1[(furan-2-yl)methylidene]-2-(4methylphenyl)hydrazine (HZ-3) have been synthesized by reacting (4-methylphenyl)hydrazine with three heterocyclic aldehydes: 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde in ethanol at reflux 78 °C. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic and physicochemical methods such as UV–Vis, IR, melting point, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and phenanthroline assays. The obtained results indicate that the title molecules exhibit excellent activity better and comparable as standards BHT, BHA and ascorbic acid. Also, the synthesized compounds show a good antibacterial activity against two such: P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. In addition, the density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate the optimized molecular structures, electronic and vibrational spectra, reactivity, stability and some quantum chemical parameters of the synthesized molecules. The obtained theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, in silico predictions of ADME-T and pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that these compounds should have good oral bioavailability. Also, the molecular docking has been used to predict the inhibitory activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) of the studied hydrazones.

Magnetophoretic Cell Sorting: Comparison of Different 3D-Printed Millifluidic Devices

Cell sorting is a highly applicable technology for multiple biological, biotechnological, and medical applications. Magnetic cell sorting can be realized with microfluidic and millifluidic flow cells. Additive manufacturing and 3D printing allow for fast prototyping and validating separation processes on this small scale. Therefore, our novel approach is to use this technology to print millifluidic channels and to directly evaluate them on their magnetic separation performance and their handling for cell manipulation. In this study, two different flow cells manufactured with a 3D printer are compared in regard to their use for the magnetic cell sorting of algae. One linear flow cell geometry and one spiraling flow cell geometry have been investigated with perpendicular magnetic fields. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized prior to their use as a magnetic label for algae cells. Particle uptake by algae are investigated by a phenanthroline assay, and the particle/algae mixtures are studied by microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and magnetophoretic mobility measurements. Depending on magnetic susceptibility, the cells undergo different magnetophoretic forces. Interestingly, the spiraling geometry leads to a better fractionation of algae cells in accordance with their iron oxide load.

In vitro assessment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities of Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut.

Context: More than 500 Centaurea species compose the Asteraceae family, and most of the recent studies made on the species of this genus proved their pharmacological potential, especially to treat chronic illnesses. Aims: To evaluate for the first time the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-microbial properties of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of the aerial part of Centaurea tougourensis. Methods: The antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS, galvinoxyl radical, phenanthroline, and reducing power assays, while the anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by heat-induced hemolysis and egg albumin denaturation assays. The neuroprotective activity was assessed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the anti-microbial activity by the agar disk diffusion method. Results: Both extracts possess a great antioxidant capacity, but it was considered higher in the n-BuOH extract with respective IC50 values of 8.04 ± 0.21 μg/mL in ABTS assay and 4.25 ± 0.6 μg/mL in GOR assay, while the A0.50 values were 4.46 ± 0.55 μg/mL in phenanthroline assay and 11.16 ± 0.64 μg/mL in reducing power assay. The n-BuOH extract also showed a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity with an EC50 of 120.81 ± 0.2 μg/mL in egg albumin denaturation assay and 154.15 ± 0.14 μg/mL in heat-induced hemolysis assay. The neuroprotective activity of the n-BuOH extract was very strong in both AChE and BChE inhibitory assays with respective IC50 values of 9.8 ± 0.62 μg/mL and 173.53 ± 0.04 μg/mL. EA extract was more active on microbial strains. Conclusions: These encouraging results showed once again the pharmacological potential of Centaurea species.

Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Properties, Key Enzyme Inhibitory Potential and Photoprotective Activity of Lawsonia inermis L.

Background: Lawsonia inermis Linn (Lythraceae), commonly known as "Henna" is a medicinal plant widely used as a folk remedy and for its cosmetic properties. Objective: The objective of this present work was to evaluate biological activities and to quantify phenolics in extracts. Methods: The extracts were obtained from seeds of L. inermis by increasing the polarity of the solvent. The content of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and tannins was determined using colorimetric methods. Also, to evaluate the antioxidant activity, six different assays, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, ferric reducing antioxidant power and phenanthroline assays were used. Enzyme inhibition activity was evaluated by acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition assays. Furthermore, photoprotective activity was determined by measuring sun protection factor. Results: The extraction efficiency of phenolics, as well as the biological activities of plant extracts, were affected by solvent polarity. The highest content of phenolics was determined in methanol extract (786.54 ± 0.00 mg GAEg-1 DW), followed by the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts (526.48 ± 0.40 and 331.25 ± 0.00 GAEg-1 DW, respectively).The above extracts also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while low polar extracts were characterized with the lowest content of phenolics, as well as the lowest antioxidant capacity. The highest enzyme inhibition activities were found in ethyl acetate extract. Moreover, the methanol extract showed the best photoprotective activity with sun protection factor of 43.05 ± 0.37. Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible use of Henna seeds as a potential source of bioactive molecules with antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and skin protection properties.

Analysis of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial, antioxidant, photoprotective activities and cytotoxic effect of leaves extracts and fractions of Aloe vera

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the Aloe vera phytochemical compounds using HPLC–mass spectrometry and to evaluate their antibacterial, antioxidant, photoprotective and cytotoxic activities. The acetone extract, methanol extract and its four fractions: chloroform, ethyl acetate, n- butanol, aqueous were subjected to evaluate their antibacterial activity by Aromatogram method against S.aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determinated by the medium agar incorporation method. Then, the antioxidant properties of all extracts and fractions were evaluated by using Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Galvinoxyl radical scavenging and Phenanthroline assays. The photoprotective activity was measured by determination in vitro of sun protection factor. The cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was tested by Brine shrimp lethality method. The yields of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous, acetone extracts are respectively 20.56% ± 0.38, 3.4% ± 0.11, 1.58% ± 0.12, 14.16% ± 0.11, 13.56% ± 0.78, 0.68% ± 0.50. By LC-MS analysis, 8 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified. The antibacterial activity showed that the n-butanol fraction, acetone and methanol extracts had an effect against all the bacteria. The MIC value ranged from 1.25 to 10 mg/mL. The chloroform fraction exhibited highest antioxidant activity in (OH•2) scavenging assay (IC50 value: 79.53 ± 0.66 μg/mL) and in GOR scavenging assay (IC50 value: 80.18 ± 1.21 μg/mL), the acetone extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in phenanthroline assay (A0.50 value: 46.75 ± 0.35 μg/mL). Furthermore, the all extracts and fractions showed high photoprotective activity. The acetone, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions have displayed significant effect against the brine shrimp larvae.

Structural characterization, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of Coffea canephora green seeds.

In order to explore Coffea canephora green seeds as natural extract for application in the functional-food industry, we focused this study to the evaluation of the antioxidant and the antiadhesion effect of C. canephora green seeds extracts. The analysis of C. canephora green seeds extracts was carried out by RP-HPLC-PDA. These extracts were screened for antioxidant activities by ABTS and phenanthroline assays. The antibacterial activity was determined by microdilution method against three reference bacteria. The inhibition of bacterial adhesion at 1/8 MIC was carried out against three reference bacteria. The RP-HPLC-PDA revealed the presence of gallic acid, vanillin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and P-coumaric acid. The n-buatnol extract have the highest activity ABTS assays (3.96±0.08μg/mL). For this extract, the A0.5 was 1.90±0.05μg/mL for phenanthroline assay. The n-butanol extract and the methanolic extract have the higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (40µg/mL).At MIC/8, the extracts of C. canephora showed 70% higher antidhesive activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Our finding provides an effective and specific new approach to the search of antioxidant and antiadhesive compounds for different uses.

Structural characterization of phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Coffea arabica green seeds

This study concerns the evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Coffea arabica green seed extract. The chemical compositions were analyzed by RP-HPLC-PDA spectroscopy. Antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), reducing power and phenanthroline assays. The antibacterial activity was tested against 14 bacterial strains as per CLSI recommendation. The RP-HPLC-PDA revealed the presence of resorcinol, ferulic acid, rutin, catechin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid. The n-butanolic extract has the highest activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (20.09 ± 0.40 µg/ml) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (5.27 ± 0.19 μg/ml) assays. The A0.5 of the methanolic crude extract was 8.18 ± 0.63 μg/J ml for reducing power and 2.54 ± 0.06 μg/ml for phesnanthroline assay. The n-butanol extract showed an interesting antibacterial activity against Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with minimal inhibitory concentration of 13.02 µg/ml. Our finding provides an effective and specific natural approach to search for classes of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds for different uses.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) using response surface methodology

Summary Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a common spice and precious herbal plant in Vietnam. It contains many bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds useful for human health. Hence, the extraction and application of these compounds in medical technology are necessary. Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the optimal extraction conditions with the assistance of microwave, for instance solvent/material ratio (ml/g), solvent concentration (%, v/v) and extraction time, on the extraction yield of ginger rhizome, such as total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC). Methods: The dried sample was extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). TPC and AC of received extract were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and phenanthroline assay. The optimization process used response surface methodology (RSM) (Central composite face design, CCF) with major influencing factors including solvent concentration, solvent/material ratio and extraction time. Results: The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were the ethanol concentration of 60%, ethanol/material ratio of 48.6/1 (ml/g), extraction time of 1 minute. Conclusion: The maximum TPC and AC peaked at 27.89±1.99 mg GAE/g dry matter and 12.24±0.04 mmol Fe/g dry matter (DM) at optimal extraction conditions. Besides, some factors strongly affected the extraction yield and interacted together.

ANTIDIABETIC, ANTI-ALZHEIMER AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ALKALOIDS EXTRACT OF PERGULARIA TOMENTOSAL. COLLECTED FROM ALGERIAN SAHARA

Ponte Academic JournalFeb 2020, Volume 76, Issue 2 ANTIDIABETIC, ANTI-ALZHEIMER AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ALKALOIDS EXTRACT OF PERGULARIA TOMENTOSAL. COLLECTED FROM ALGERIAN SAHARAAuthor(s): Mohammed Laid TLILI ,Roukia Hammoudi, Atef Chouikh, Mahfoud Hadj-MahammedJ. Ponte - Feb 2020 - Volume 76 - Issue 2 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.2.13 Abstract:The aim of the study was to assess of potential health-promoting properties of alkaloids extract of Pergularia tomentosa L. collected from northeast Algeria. The alkaloids extract was prepared, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, Cupric reducing, Galvinoxyl radical scavenging and Phenanthroline assay) and in vitro antidiabetic (inhibition of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase) and anticholinesterase (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) potentials were evaluated. The alkaloids extract exhibited promising antioxidant activity (31.43 ± 1.69, 141.45 ± 2.89, 34.88 ± 1.9 and 204.83 ± 6.59 ±g/ml, respectively). Moreover, remarkable antidiabetic (?- amylase IC50 = 257.38 ± 13.26 ± g/ml and ?-glucosidase IC50 = 919.08 ± 9.1 ±g/ml) anti-butyrylcholinesterase (220.69 ± 3.32 ±g/ml) effects were recorded. The results suggest that the dried extract of P. tomentosa may be interesting for incorporation in pharmaceutical preparations for human health, since it can suppress hyperglycemia and inhibit cholinesterases, and or as food additive due to its radical scavenging activity Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of enriched fraction of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser against HepG2 Hepatocellular carcinoma.

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer accounts for more than one million deaths worldwide. Current treatment modality for HCC is marginally effective. Plants belonging to Mistletoe family (Loranthaceae) have been used in chemotherapy for many years. The present study was aimed at exploring the anti-proliferative, pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic potential of stem of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser (EP), a parasitic shrub belonging to Loranthaceae.Methods Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser, a climbing parasitic shrub was investigated for its cytotoxic activity against HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Further, pro-oxidant activity of EP extract/fractions was studied using copper phenanthroline assay. To understand the mechanism of cell death, the pro-apoptotic effects of Hep-G2 cells treated with EP extract/fractions were visualized by dual staining using acridine orange and ethidium bromide, a morphological marker of apoptosis. Phytochemical profiling of EP was explored by estimating the phenol, flavonoid and tannin content in its various fractions and extract. The occurrence of gallic acid, a principal polyphenol in EP extract and fractions was detected and further quantified using HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprinting.ResultActive fraction of Elytranthe parasitica, EP.DEE exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with an IC50 of 56.7 ± 7.8 μg/mL. Dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide revealed that HepG2 cells treated with EP active fractions underwent cell death chiefly by apoptosis. Highest phenol, flavonoid and tannin content were observed in active fractions, EP.EA (Ethyl acetate fraction) and EP.DEE (Diethyl ether fraction). Gallic acid was identified and quantified in EP extract and active fractions, EP.DEE and EP.EA.ConclusionOur findings indicate EP active fraction could be a promising contender in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chemical profile and biological activities of Deguelia duckeana A.M.G. Azevedo (Fabaceae)

Deguelia duckeana is popularly known as timbó and used by indigenous people as ictiotoxic. On account of there being no literature pertaining to the chemical profile or biological activity of this plant, the hexane, methanol and aqueous crude extracts from leaves, stems and roots were assayed that presented very high cytotoxic potential against Artemia salina, achieving 100% mortality in up to 5.0 µg mL−1 concentration, but lower antioxidant potential on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and Fe3+/Phenanthroline assays. The phytochemical analysis of crude extracts showed the presence of flavonoids and related compounds as major constituents as well as steroids in all of them, and tannins in polar extracts. All the extracts were assayed for antibacterial activity but only the hexane extract of stems showed moderate activity on Staphylococcus aureus, which was fractionated and yielded a mixture of 3,5,4′-trimethoxy-4-prenylstilbene, lonchocarpine, 4-hydroxylonchocarpine and derricidine, reported for the first time in D. duckeana and other fraction with β-sitosterol and stigmasterol mixture.