Mung Bean Research Articles

Advancing crop improvement through GWAS and beyond in mung bean

Accessing the underlying genetics of complex traits, especially in small grain pulses is an important breeding objective for crop improvement. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analyze thousands of genetic variants across several genomes to identify links with specific traits. This approach has discovered many strong associations between genes and traits, and the number of associated variants is expected to continue to increase as GWAS sample sizes increase. GWAS has a range of applications like understanding the genetic architecture associated with phenotype, estimating genetic correlation and heritability, developing genetic maps based on novel identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes, and developing hypotheses related to specific traits in the next generation. So far, several causative alleles have been identified using GWAS which had not been previously detected using QTL mapping. GWAS has already been successfully applied in mung bean (Vigna radiata) to identify SNPs/alleles that are used in breeding programs for enhancing yield and improvement against biotic and abiotic factors. In this review, we summarize the recently used advanced genetic tools, the concept of GWAS and its improvement in combination with structural variants, the significance of combining high-throughput phenotyping and genome editing with GWAS, and also highlights the genetic discoveries made with GWAS. Overall, this review explains the significance of GWAS with other advanced tools in the future, concluding with an overview of the current and future applications of GWAS with some recommendations.

The Effect of Different Pulses on the Oviposition Preference and Reproduction of Pulse Bruchid, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Studies were conducted to ascertain the population growth and oviposition preference of pulse bruchid, Callosobruchus chinensis on some pulses viz., Vigna radiata, Lens esculenta, Cicer arietinum, Cajanus cajan and Pisum sativum under conditions of restricted (no choice) and unrestricted (choice) access. Results revealed that under conditions of choice and no choice test, oviposition and adult emergence was highest on C. arietinum (6.84 nos). Lens esculenta recorded lowest egg deposition under conditions of no choice while no egg laying activity was observed under choice conditions. Developmental period was significantly shorter in V. radiata while it was longer in P. sativum in both choice (37days for male and 36.32 days for female) and no choice test (37.10 days for male and 36.46 days for female). In V. radiata, the adult longevity was shorter in both choice (7.48 days for male and 5.91 day for female) and no choice (7.68 days for male and 6.13 days for female) test and adults were significantly heavy than on C. arietinum, C. cajan and P. sativum in both choice and no choice test. Overall, V. radiata was found to be a superior host with shorter development period and healthier adults while C. arietinum was better in terms of oviposition preference and adult emergence. These insights offer valuable assistance for enhancing pulse cultivation practices in the region.

Brefeldin A—A Major Pathogenic Factor of Peanut Pod Rot from Fusarium neocosmosporiellum

Fusarium neocosmosporiellum is the main pathogen of peanut pod rot in China. To investigate the type of F. neocosmosporiellum toxin and its pathogenic mechanism, a macrolide, brefeldin A, was isolated. The structure of the compound was identified by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). At the same time, the content of the compound in healthy and diseased peanut capsules was detected, and its plant toxicity to radish, mung bean, rice, and peanut seed radicle elongation and pathogenicity to peanut pod rot were evaluated. The results showed that brefeldin A at 50 μg/mL could significantly inhibit the radicle elongation of rice seeds. Brefeldin A was detected only in pods with peanut rot. Injecting 2 mg/mL brefeldin A solution into peanut pods caused the severe decay of peanut pods at the R3R4 stage, which is consistent with the symptoms of peanut rot.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Plant Photodynamic Seed Sterilization.

Pathogen-carrying seeds can significantly impact plant growth and development and may lead to serious public health incidents. Modern agriculture heavily relies on synthetic chemical microbicides and physical methods to eradicate pathogens transmitted by plant seeds. To counteract the misuse of microbicides, a class of cationic amphiphilic aggregate-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are developed as photodynamic seed sterilization agents. AIEgens function as antimicrobial agents in seed treatment. These materials are engineered to specifically bind to pathogenic microorganisms on seed surfaces. Furthermore, when combined with photodynamic therapy, AIEgens can be activated to produce reactive oxygen species that selectively destroy pathogens. Sterilization experiments with tomato seeds carrying Pseudomonas syringae and mung bean seeds carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrate that AIEgens can effectively eliminate both plant and animal pathogens carried by seeds. Therefore, AIEgens offer a promising solution for preventing the spread of seed-borne pathogens.

Enhancement of antioxidative potential of mung bean by oxygen plasma irradiation of seeds

The present study aimed to assess the effect of oxygen plasma treatment on the germination rate, growth, and antioxidative activity of mung beans at different pressures and irradiation exposure times. Oxygen plasma was capable of shortening the germination time as well as improving the germination rate at each gas pressure and exposure time compared to control. The germination rate of plasma-treated seeds exceeded 90% within 18 h of seeding compared to 30 h for the control (without plasma treatment). Stem length increased by 25.42 to 52.88% depending on the pressure and exposure time compared to control. Vitamin C content in the stem and root increased from 1.49 to 1.97 and 1.27 to 2.04-fold higher, respectively, depending on the pressure and exposure time compared to control; while in the case of thiol content, it was 1.16 to 2.76 and 1.09 to 2.49-fold higher in the stem and root, respectively. Plasma treatment increased antioxidant potency compared to control. Maximum antioxidant potency was found at 30-min exposure time, although the alterations in pressure did not elicit prominent changes. Plant growth, vitamin C and thiol contents, and antioxidant potency were increased with increasing pressure up to 60 Pa, which then declined with higher pressure. On the other hand, these parameters decreased with a longer exposure time, except for the antioxidants. Thiol and vitamin C contents were associated with plant growth.

SOIL MOISTURE AND PH CONTROL DEVICE IN SPROUT CULTIVATION

Sprout cultivation is one of the practical and economical methods to obtain a type of food rich in nutrients. However, the success of sprout cultivation requires proper control of soil moisture and water pH in the cultivation environment. Watering begins when the moisture of the mung bean plant reaches the specified parameters with a soil moisture of 67 and a pH value of + 9. This tool aims to make manual work easier to automate, a benefit in watering sprout plants. This tool uses a water ph sensor and a soil moisture sensor or soil moisture sensor that functions as a soil moisture detector that will send commands to the Arduino uno to turn on the relay so that the water pump can automatically water according to the needs of the soil. The creation of this final project is carried out by designing, making and implementing system components which include Arduino uno as a controller, relay to turn on the water pump and turn off the water pump, LCD (linquit Crystal Display) to display the soil moisture value and water ph value. The results of the research value prove that the tools to be made can function properly and can be developed as expected.

Exogenously Applied Triacontanol Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity in Vigna radiata L. by Optimizing Growth, Nutritional Orchestration, and Metal Accumulation

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the foremost phytotoxic elements. Its proportion in agricultural soil is increasing critically due to anthropogenic activities. Cd stress is a major crop production threat affecting food security globally. Triacontanol (TRIA) is a phytohormone that promotes growth, development, and metabolic processes in plants. The current study explicates the mitigation of Cd toxicity in Vigna radiata L. (mung bean) seedlings through the application of TRIA by a seed priming technique under Cd stress. The role of TRIA in improving metabolic processes to promote Vigna radiata (mung bean, green gram) vegetative growth and performance under both stressed and unstressed conditions was examined during this study. To accomplish this, three doses of TRIA (10, 20, and 30 µmol L−1) were used to pretreat V. radiata seeds before they were allowed to grow for 40 days in soil contaminated with 20 mg kg−1 Cd. Cd stress lowered seed germination, morphological growth, and biomass in V. radiata plants. The maximum root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of roots, and shoot and seed germination rates were recorded for TRIA2 compared with those of TRIA1 and TRIA3 under Cd stress. In Cd-stressed V. radiata plants, TRIA2 increased the content of chlorophyll a (2.1-fold) and b (3.1-fold), carotenoid (4.3-fold), total chlorophyll (3.1-fold), and gas exchange attributes, such as the photosynthetic rate (2.9-fold), stomatal conductance (6.0-fold), and transpiration rate (3.5-fold), compared with those in plants treated with only Cd. TRIA seed priming increased nutrient uptake (K1+, Na1+, Mg2+, and Zn2+), total phenolic content, total soluble protein content, and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) activity. Additionally, TRIA2 significantly reduced the quantity of Cd in the plants (3.0-fold) and increased the metal tolerance index (6.6-fold) in plants contrasted with those in the Cd-treated plants. However, TRIA2 promoted plant growth and biomass production by lowering Cd-induced stress through modifying the plant antioxidant machinery and reducing oxidative stress. The improved yield characteristics of V. radiata seedlings treated with TRIA suggest that exogenous TRIA may be used to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress.

Improvement of germination, sprout weight and nutraceutical potential of mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts by melatonin, as an elicitor

Improvement of germination, sprout weight and nutraceutical potential of mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts by melatonin, as an elicitor

Evaluation of Fungicides against Anthracnose Disease in Green Gram under in vitro and Pot Conditions

Evaluation of Fungicides against Anthracnose Disease in Green Gram under in vitro and Pot Conditions

Heterogeneity in Diameters of Protein Fibrils and Chitosan for a High CO2/O2 Selectivity and Desired Mechanical Properties of Edible Bioplastic Films.

Edible bioplastics offer a possible approach with great potential to address the challenges of plastic and microplastic crisis and the issue of food waste. In the present study, in situ, induction of fibrillation of legume proteins within chitosan matrix is found to form edible bioplastic films with a high CO2/O2 selectivity coefficient of ≈130. Desirable mechanical properties, including a high elongation at break of ≈230%, are realized to fabricate shopping bags, which can be filled with 5kg of fruits. An atmosphere with a high CO2 content and low O2 concentration is spontaneously achieved after strawberries are packaged with the films and ≈85% of the fruits are edible after 9 days. The contents of CO2 in the equilibrium state and the percent of edible fruits are positively correlated with the CO2/O2 selectivity of the films. By comparison of the edible bioplastic films made from mung bean protein (MP) and pea protein (PP), the fibrillation capability of legume proteins and the heterogeneity in polydisperse diameters of the protein fibrils and chitosan are demonstrated to make great contributions to the dense microstructure, leading to the strong mechanical properties and high gas selectivity of the films. The structure-property relationship is elucidated for high-performance bioplastics films.

Enhancing soil quality in intensive rice cultivation through short-term growth of green manure and its incorporation combined with rice husk or its ash: a laboratory incubation study

ABSTRACT A novel approach, i.e. mung bean was grown in paddy soil for 1 month as a pre-rice crop, which is a short but a feasible period applicable to the current intensive rice monoculture cropping system in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. This study aimed to assess how short-term growth of green manure and its incorporation combined with rice husk or its ash impact the soil quality of sandy loam soil and silty clay soil. Four treatments, viz. soil without mung bean (control), soil plus mung bean incorporation, soil plus mung bean and rice husk of 10 Mg ha−1, and soil plus mung bean and rice husk ash of 5 Mg ha−1, were established. Different soil parameters were determined to evaluate their initial effects after incubating for 60 days. In both soils, the incorporation of mung bean significantly increased β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urease activities, as well as C mineralization compared with control. Soil labile C was increased by 15–50% by incorporation of mung bean, irrespective of the application of rice husk or its ash, compared to that in control. The highest total C and available N were found in mung bean combined with rice husk followed by mung bean with rice husk ash, only mung bean, and control. Sandy loam soil with a lower exchangeable K level showed significant improvements in the exchangeable K content with rice husk and its ash amendments. Therefore, these practices, short-term green manure planting, could offer benefits to farmers for enhancing soil quality such as enzyme activities in the intensive paddy cultivation.

How enriched diet of the second trophic level (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) affects the performance of the third trophic level (Neoseiulus cucumeris): the role of pollens and legumes.

The generalist predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one of the most effective biocontrol agents to control the pests of many crops in indoor cultivations. In this study, the effects of the enriched diets of the second trophic level, i.e. the stored-product mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) on the performance of N. cucumeris as the third trophic level was determined in a tritrophic system. In the first step, different pollens including almond, maize, date palm, castor bean, saffron, and cattail or different legume flours including pinto bean, lentil, black-eyed pea, chickpea, mung bean and broad bean as enrichment additives were added to the basic diet, i.e. a mixture of wheat bran and flour as a basic diet of T. putrescentiae. In the second step, to reveal the effects of the mentioned additives on the performance of N. cucumeris, the demographic parameters of the predator were determined when it was fed with the prey enriched with the additives. Our results indicated that N. cucumeris had higher performance by feeding on the prey reared on diets enriched by either pollens or legumes compared with the basic diet. Overall, there was no significant difference between pollen grains and some legume flours when the predatory mite was fed with them through its prey. Since legumes are more available and cost-effective food sources than pollens, they can be affordable supplementary diets for the mass rearing of N. cucumeris.

Assessment of Field Performance and Nutritional Quality of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) for Food Diversification

This research was carried out to evaluate the field performance of some mung bean accessions and their nutritional composition for inclusion in household diet. Twenty-one (21) accessions of mung bean were evaluated in the early and late season of 2022 at Ile-Ife, and in the early season at Kishi out-station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. The experiment was established according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Agronomic and yield data were collected. Six of the mung bean accessions were randomly selected and analyzed for proximate, mineral composition and sensory properties along with two cowpea varieties as standard checks. MB-3, 6, 14 and 15 produced the highest seed yield across the locations (Ile-Ife early season, Ile-Ife late season, and Kishi early season). However, the performance was generally better in the early season than in the late season. The mung bean samples had slightly lower protein values than the standard checks. The mung bean samples had considerably higher mineral levels (p ≤ 0.05) than the control samples. Moin-moin (processed bean cake) made from some of the mung bean samples compared favorably with that from Ife brown cowpea (standard check). This work revealed good adaptability of the mung bean accession to southwest agro-ecology of Nigeria. It also revealed better nutritional quality of mung bean relative to cowpea for inclusion in household meals.

Unveiling Key Correlation Studies in Local Germplasm of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek

The present investigation entitled “Unveiling key correlation studies in local germplasm of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Botany section farm, College of Agriculture, Dhule during kharif-2022. The experimental material included 42 genotypes of mungbean which were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications, representing different eco-geographic regions and the source of material was Assistant Pulse Breeder, Oilseed Research Station, Nimkhedi, Jalgoan and local collection from Dhagdaon, Akkalkua, Nandurbar of Maharashtra state. Genotypes were evaluated for twelve diverse characters and correlation coefficient studies were conducted. The weight of 100 seeds (0.5054), the number of seeds per pod (0.4168), the thickness of the pods (0.339), the number of clusters per plant (0.2602), the number of pods per plant (0.2232), and the seed output per plant were the most significant and favourable relationships. It has a negative and non-significant correlation with the number of pods per cluster (-0.0534), but a positive correlation with plant height (0.1748), pod length (0.1737), protein content (0.159), 50 per cent flowering (0.0282) and days to maturity (0.0071). Based on the results, the highest yield of mungbean may be obtained from genotypes with higher protein content, early flowering and ripening, maximum plant height, long and thick pod size, more seeds per pod, and superior seed weight.

Comparative Effects of Organic Nutrient Sources on Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Quality and Soil Properties

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of the year 2020-21 on organic certified plot A-7 at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. Different sources of organic manures were tested using randomized block design with four replications. The treatment T7 (50% N through FYM followed by Seed treatment of Rhizobium) recorded significantly higher available nitrogen content (212 kg/ha) in soil and also same behaviour observed in available phosphorus content in soil. The treatment T9 (50% N through castor cake followed by Seed treatment of Rhizobium) recorded significantly higher available phosphorus content in soil. Significantly higher value of EC of soil (0.18) was found in treatment T1, which was significantly higher EC of soil (0.11) which was recorded with treatment T9. Higher organic carbon (0.65%) of soil after harvest of green gram was observed in treatment T8. Significantly higher nitrogen content in seed of green gram was obtained with application of treatments T10. Treatment T2 [Rhizobium (5.0 mL/kg seed treatment and 1.0 L/ha soil application)] recorded significantly higher Rhizobium population in soil at harvest of green gram. Subsequent, treatment T6 (100 % N through neem cake) recorded significantly higher phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) population in soil as compared to control. The maximum net return 63287 INR/ha was obtained with application of treatment T10 (50% N through NC + Rhizobium seed treatment) followed by treatment T7 (50% N through FYM + Rhizobium seed treatment) with net realization of 54063 INR/ha. With respect to benefit cost ratio, the highest 3.62 BCR was achieved with Treatment T7, which closely followed by treatment T2 (Rhizobium seed treatment + 1.0 L/ha soil application) having BCR of 3.52.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for MYMV Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] using SSR Markers

Background: Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is among the most significant edible legume crops and consumed in various parts of the world. Among different biotic factors, mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) affects this crop. The objective of the present investigation was to assess genetic variability among mungbean genotypes for MYMV resistance using simple sequence repeat markers. Methods: The present research was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among selected mungbean genotypes from field screening of 303 genotypes with an emphasis on resistance against MYMV. The field screening was done at Seed Breeding Farm, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during summer 2022, kharif 2022 and summer 2023. Thirty SSR markers have been utilized to measure genetic variation among the 32 studied genotypes. Result: Marker MB-SSR033 stands out as the most informative locus with the greatest PIC and gene diversity value. The cluster analysis, classified the 32 genotypes into two major groups and maximum distance was noted between PDM 139 and IC 314523. The SSR markers CEDG293 (10.14%) and DMBSSR008 (9.11%) were found considerably linked to MYMV resistance. Harnessing multiple sources of resistance gives a good possibility to boost the resistance and production of mungbean cultivars.

Nutritional potential value of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers., La-blab purpureus (L.) Sweet, and Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in two sowing methods

Objective: To evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional potential of Sesbania grandiflora, Lablab purpureus, and Vigna radiata in two sowing methods. Design/methodology/approach: The morphological and bromatological parameters of leaves and stems of S. grandiflora, L. purpureus, and V. radiata sown flat and in beds were determined. The forages of leaves and stems of the three species were classified according to their quality parameters. Data for morphological and bromatological parameters were analyzed with a completely randomized design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement and least squares means were compared with Tukey (p<0.05). Results: Sesbania grandiflora in flat and bed sowing presented greater height, higher percentage of leaf dry matter, and percentage of stem dry matter. While V. radiata in flat sowing presented greater plant weight, leaf weight and stem weight. Sesbania grandiflora leaf forages in flat and bed sowing obtained a higher percentage of crude protein, while V. radiata in flat and bed sowing obtained a lower percentage of neutral detergent fiber. For stem forage, the three species in flat and bed sowing presented high percentage values of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The leaf forages in bed sowing were classified as excellent quality, as were the leaf forages of S. grandiflora and V. radiata in flat sowing, which also had excellent quality. Findings/conclusions: The forage of S. grandiflora leaves in flat and bed sowing was of excellent quality, related to its higher percentage of dry matter and crude protein and its lower percentage of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber.

Thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) Infestation in Mung Bean: Integrated Control with Chemical and Neem-based Insecticides

This study aimed to manage thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) infestation in mung bean fields and evaluate the efficacy of different chemical insecticides and neem oil. The experiment, conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh from March to May 2020, employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten treatments, including Decis 5EC, Ripcord 10EC, Marshal 20EC, Sevin 85SP, Dursban 20EC, Neem oil, Talstar 2WP, Actara 25WG, Confidor 70WG, and an untreated control. Talstar 2WP proved to be the most effective treatment, achieving the lowest thrips population (1.25 plant⁻¹) and the highest percent reduction (93.26 %) in thrips infestation over control treatment. Talstar 2WP also produced the maximum number of flowers (16.67 plant⁻¹), pods (34.27 plot⁻¹), seeds (885.3 plant-5), seed weight (36.19 g), and the highest mung bean yield (2.05 kg/plot) compared to rest other treatments. On the other hand, Confidor 70WG showed 2nd most promising results across all parameters, while neem oil was comparatively less effective. The findings suggest that Talstar 2WP is the most effective insecticide for managing thrips infestation in mung bean, offering improved growth and yield.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek] for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits

The current study, "Assessment of genetic diversity in green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] for quantitative and qualitative traits" was carried out during the kharif of 2022 at the College of Agriculture, Dhule. The experimental materials consisted local collection of 42 mungbean genotypes which were evaluated in a randomized block design (RBD) with two replications, representing various eco-geographic regions for twelve different characters and studies of genetic divergence were carried out. The genetic diversity among landraces is determined by the range of D2 values which varied from 44.68 (MG-2022-15 and MG-2022-30) to 1678.53 (MG-2022-18 and MG-2022-31) for each genotype, showing adequate variance. Based on D2 levels, the 42 genotypes were split up into 16 groups with notable genetic differences. Cluster I and III were the largest, with 11 and 10 genotypes each. It was adjacent to Clusters II, which had eight genotypes. Based on inter-cluster means and per se performance, breeding programs may employ the following effective genotypes viz., MG-2022-31, MG-2022-42, MG-2022-21, MG-2022-40, MG-2022-39, MG-2022-14, MG-2022-11, MG-2022-18, MG-2022-02, MG-2022-25, and MG-2022-24 to further enhance grain yield and its contributing characters in mungbean.

Meta-analysis of legumes and groundnut production trends and variability in the Global South

This study examined the production trends and variability of grain legumes in the Global South from 2000 to 2022, with a particular emphasis on groundnut yields and regional differences. From 2000 to 2022, global legume production in the Southern Hemisphere increased by approximately 20-30%, driven by rising demand for plant-based proteins and expanded cropping areas in countries like Brazil and Argentina. Improved agricultural practices have further enhanced yields. In contrast, groundnut production experienced a more moderate growth of around 10-15%, influenced by favourable conditions and expanded cultivation in regions such as Argentina and South Africa. While demand for groundnuts remains strong, market fluctuations and competition with other crops continue to shape its production dynamics. The analysis covered a range of legumes, including common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan), groundnuts/peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), soya beans (Glycine max), bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), lentils (Lens culinaris), mung beans (Vigna radiata), black gram (Vigna mungo), faba beans (Vicia faba), lablab beans (Lablab purpureus), tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius), African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), Kersting's groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum), lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), adzuki beans (Vigna angularis), moth beans (Vigna aconitifolia), horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), broad beans (Vicia faba), winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Regional data revealed significant differences in legume production. In Sub-Saharan Africa, cowpeas and groundnuts are vital, with cowpeas grown over 11.4 million hectares on average yielding 450 kg ha-1, and groundnuts covering 9.1 million hectares with an average yield of 1,007 kg ha-1. Chickpeas and pigeon peas dominate South Asia's production, whereas Latin America features prominent soya bean and groundnut cultivation. Oceania's legume farming is less extensive, focusing on chickpeas and mung beans. Descriptive statistics revealed that Egypt led in groundnut production with an average yield of 3,279.1 kg ha-1 and a low coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.89%, indicating stable production. Conversely, Mozambique had the lowest average yield at 322.9 kg ha-1, with a high CV of 30.23%, reflecting greater variability. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified five principal components explaining 70.9% of the total variance, with the first two components (PC 1 and PC 2) accounting for 51%. Bangladesh and Brazil were major contributors to PC 1, while Algeria and Senegal influenced PC 2. These findings highlight the considerable regional variability in yields and stability in legume production. Future research should address these disparities and enhance resilience through targeted agricultural practices and policy interventions.