Children In Phase Research Articles

Longitudinal investigation of early mathematical achievement and classroom strategic diversity: A replication and extension study

Developing solution strategies, effortful procedures that students employ to solve a specific problem, is an important mathematical goal. Studies have documented intraindividual strategy variability and its significance for learning, but only some have addressed the interindividual strategic diversity across students within a classroom. This study analyzed classroom strategy diversity using assessments of 527 kindergartens to 2nd-grade students. Latent growth modeling analysis revealed that the best fit was a spline model featuring two phases of linear growth with different growth rates (i.e., one in Kindergarten, the other from Kindergarten spring to second grade). A growth mixture modeling analysis demonstrated that only one latent class existed within the data, which supports the homogeneity of the identified growth trajectory among students. We also analyzed the relations of their learning to the interindividual strategy diversity in their classrooms via a multilevel latent growth model. The results showed that early encouragement of student-generated strategies and later guidance toward research-based effective strategies most supported mathematical growth. This finding aligned with the previous work regarding classroom strategic diversity. Educational relevance and implications statementDeveloping solution strategies is an important mathematical goal. Do children benefit from being in classrooms using diverse strategies or a smaller range of efficient strategies? Does this depend on children's phase of learning? We found that early encouragement of student-generated strategies followed by later guidance toward research-based effective strategies most supported mathematical growth.

Correlation Between Vitamin D Status and HBsAg Antibody Levels in Indonesian Adolescents Immunised Against Hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem. Anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels increase along with vitamin D levels in adults. However, few studies have examined this relationship in adolescents. Few studies have examined the relationship between vitamin D and HBsAg antibody levels, especially in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study examined vitamin D and anti-HBsAg levels before and after hepatitis B immunisation. All subjects blood was taken to check for vitamin D level. This study was part of the Safety and Preliminary of Immunogenicity Following Recombinant Hepatitis B (Bio Farma) Vaccine in Adults and Children Phase I trial. This study found that 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status was primarily deficient based on endocrine criteria. The children's hepatitis B antibody response was mostly <10 mIU/mL before and ≥10 mIU/mL after vaccination. There was a relationship between sex and 25(OH)D status, with median 25(OH)D levels higher in females (18.2 ng/mL) than in males (9.8 ng/mL). However, the relationship between vitamin 25(OH)D status and anti-HBsAg levels pre- and post-vaccination was not significant. However, some research found that vitamin D supplementation after immunisation did not impact vaccine response, several studies have reported that vitamin D can decrease HBV replication through various mechanisms, including reducing viral transcription and interfering with viral protein synthesis. There was no relationship between 25(OH)D status and anti-HBsAg levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish optimal treatment strategies.

Rhinovirus Infection Associated Cytopenias during Maintenance Phase in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Rhinovirus Infection Associated Cytopenias during Maintenance Phase in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the Pre- and Post-Diagnostic Phases in Children and Adolescents.

The usefulness of electrocardiographic (ECG) voltage criteria for diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in pediatric patients is poorly defined.Methods and Results:ECGs at the 1st grade (mean [±SD] age 6.6±0.3 years) were available for 11 patients diagnosed with HCM at around the 7th grade (13.2±0.3 years). ECGs were available for another 64 patients diagnosed with HCM in the 1st (n=15), 7th (n=32), and 10th (n=17) grades. Fifty-one voltage criteria were developed by grade and sex using 62,841 ECGs from the general population. Voltage criteria were set at the 99.95th percentile (1/2,000) point based on the estimated prevalence of childhood HCM (2.9 per 100,000 [1/34,483]) to decrease false negatives. Conventional criteria were from guidelines for school-aged children in Japan. Of 11 patients before diagnosis, 2 satisfied conventional criteria in 1st grade; 5 (56%) of the remaining 9 patients fulfilled 2 voltage criteria (R wave in limb-lead I [RI]+S wave in lead V3 [SV3] and R wave in lead V3 [RV3]+SV3). Robustness analysis for sensitivity showed RV3+SV3 was superior to RI+SV3. For all patients after diagnosis, RI+SV4 was the main candidate. However, conventional criteria were more useful than voltage criteria. Early HCM prediction was possible using RV3+SV3 in >50% of patients in 1st grade. Voltage criteria may help diagnose prediagnostic or early HCM, and prevent tragic accidents, although further prospective studies are required.

Clinical Characteristics of the End-of-Life Phase in Children with Life-Limiting Diseases: Retrospective Study from a Single Center for Pediatric Palliative Care.

Background: Data on the end-of-life phase of children receiving palliative care are limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spectrum of symptoms of terminally ill children, adolescents, and young adults, depending on their underlying disease. Methods: Findings are based on a 4.5-year retrospective study of 89 children who received palliative care before they died, investigating the symptomatology of the last two weeks before death. Results: In this study, the most common clinical symptomatology present in children undergoing end-of-life care includes pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, nausea, and constipation. Out of 89 patients included in this study, 47% suffered from an oncological disease. Oncological patients had a significantly higher symptom burden at the end of life (p < 0.05) compared to other groups, and the intensity of symptoms increased as the underlying disease progressed. The likelihood of experiencing pain and nausea/vomiting was also significantly higher in oncological patients (p = 0.016). Conclusions: We found that the underlying disease is associated with marked differences in the respective leading clinical symptom. Therefore, related to these differences, symptom management has to be adjusted according to the underlying disease, since the underlying disorder seems to exert an influence on the severity of symptoms and thereby on the modality and choice of treatment. This study is intended to aid underlying disease-specific symptom management at the end-of-life care for children, adolescents, and young adults, with a specific focus on end-of-life care in a home environment.

Pengaruh Media Massa Terhadap Tahap Perkembangan Psikologi Agama Pada Manusia

The presence of mass media in the current era of globalization is nothing special, various kinds of media appear, grow and develop like mushrooms in the rainy season, especially with the internet that allows connections between individuals in this world. The media enter into people's lives and have an influence on one's beliefs, this is in line with the opinion of Jhon Vivian who said that mass media is a facility that carries messages to the public. A person's religious behavior arises because of an internal urge, which then gets an influence from the environment. In subsequent developments, religious behavior is much influenced by factors of religious experience, personality, psychological elements and others. Human life experiences several phases in the level of development of the religious soul in itself, including the children's phase, the adolescent phase, the adult phase, and the advanced phase. Each phase has its own characteristics and uniqueness. One of the formers of religious character in these phases is the mass media. Mass media in the present era is not only a complement but also a part of life. This media has both positive and negative influences on humans.

Atypical Delta-Band Phase Consistency and Atypical Preferred Phase in Children with Dyslexia During Neural Entrainment to Rhythmic Audio-Visual Speech

Atypical Delta-Band Phase Consistency and Atypical Preferred Phase in Children with Dyslexia During Neural Entrainment to Rhythmic Audio-Visual Speech

Moringa oleifera capsule and diet in young women with dropout school

BackgroundTeenagers are the second phase in life after the children's phase. The adolescent phase is called the transitional or transitional phase because in this phase it has not gained status as an adult but is no longer a childhood. The adolescent phase is called the critical period, a phase where there are many problems in growth and development, both physically, mentally, and in activities so that the need for food containing nutrients is large enough. Therefore, intervention efforts to improve adolescent nutrition are very necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf capsules on eating patterns in school drop-out adolescent girls aged 12–18 years in Polobangkeng sub-district, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province. MethodsThe study was a quasi experiment, the design used was Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Pre-Posttest. This research was conducted in Polobangkeng Utara Subdistrict, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi on March 15, 2020 to May 23, 2020. The population in this study was all young women breaking up schools aged 12–18 years in Polobangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province as many as 75 people. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the McNemar and Man Whitney tests. ResultsMoringa leaf extract capsules of respondents who had a good diet before the intervention were 40% and less than 60% but after the intervention had a good diet as much as 100%. The Mc Nemar test p value was 0.004 which the p value <value α (0.05) which shows that there are differences in eating patterns before and after administration of Moringa capsule interventions. Whereas the TTD capsules of respondents who had a good diet before intervention were 26.6%. but changed to poor diet after intervention by 93.3%. Mc Nemar test p value is 0.125 which p value>α value (0.05) which shows that there is no difference in eating patterns before and after TTD capsule intervention. ConclusionThere is an effect of giving Moringa leaf extract capsules to the diet seen from the average median value in the Moringa leaf extract capsule group is greater than 23 of the TTD capsule group which is 8 in teenage girls dropping out of school age 12–18 years in the North Polongbangkeng region Regency. Takalar, South Sulawesi.

CORRELATION OF TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT AND PLATELETS WITH THE RECOVERY PHASE IN CHILDREN WITH DENGUE ADMITTED IN AN URBAN TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Introduction: Dengue ranks among the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world. Anticipatory management and monitoring indicators are essential in effectively administering therapies in the critical phase. Only a few studies have explored and documented the relationship between laboratory parameters and convalescing children with dengue. Objectives: The objective of the study was to delineate correlation of total leukocyte count (TLC) and the onset of convalescence (recovery) phase in children with dengue, and second, to determine the correlation of platelet count and TLC with the duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Nagpur from July 2018 to November 2018 when the dengue outbreak in the city and the vicinity of this central India region was at its peak. The inclusion criteria consisted of children of 1–18 years of age from either sex, fever of recent duration, and serological positivity for dengue (NS1 antigen and/or IgM and IgG antibody positivity) were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were febrile illness other than dengue, comorbid conditions such as HIV, bronchial asthma, congenital heart disease, and complicated dengue cases. Results: Out of 190 cases, 65.8% were males, the average duration of fever at the time of admission being 4.9±2.2 days (Range 2–10 days). The average duration of illness was 10.1±2.4 days (range 4–19 days). Eleven (5.79%) subjects had third spacing (capillary leak). The average TLC recovery time was 8.45±1.57 days (7–12days) from the onset of illness, while the mean capillary leak recovery time was 9.45±1.57 days (8–11days). A negative correlation was observed from a 2nd – day hospital stay with both TLC and platelets in patients with the capillary leak. Conclusion: In resource-limited settings, pediatricians can utilize TLC in predicting recovery, and thus can reduce the treatment costs.

Bimbingan Emosional Mengembangkan Kemampuan Anak-Anak

&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Children phase has a variety of potential ability to be optimized in order &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;to undergo all development tasks in line with the maximum growth, so ready to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;enter the next phase, namely: teenagers, adults, elderly. Cognitive potential to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;solve problems in life, emotional potential to adapt to the environment, and the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;children potential psychomotor is able to realize what he was thinking and feeling &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;fit the norm for a man who is always active “go-no” to independence responsible. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Therefore, education and counseling is done by adults (especially parents) for &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;children to grow up to be independent human beings and with all his typical late &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;can be tried in the hope that always “successful”. Modeling, habituation, giving &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;guidance to understand the characteristic of the child will be more effective. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The trick is to give “free” experience and play while learning among friends. The &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;conditions for children have needs besides socializing with family get ready to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;enter formal educational institutions and non-formal, and various ways to respect &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;the diversity of the environment. Hence the need for the feeling to feel fulfilled &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;in the guidance of emotional given to children to be able to manage the basic &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;emotions (happy, sad, disgusted, angry, disappointed, and surprised) that is held to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;be a human being adaptable, motivated and self-esteem and self-concept positive. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Due to the positive expression of emotion to motivate children to develop cognitive &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;abilities and psychomotor personal-social and spiritual.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

Healthy Caregivers Healthy Children Phase 2 (HC2): Relationship Between Childcare Center Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Child Body Mass Index Over One School Year

Healthy Caregivers Healthy Children Phase 2 (HC2): Relationship Between Childcare Center Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Child Body Mass Index Over One School Year

Movements Indicate Threat Response Phases in Children at Risk for Anxiety.

Temporal phases of threat response, including potential threat (anxiety), acute threat (startle, fear), and post-threat response modulation, have been identified as the underlying markers of anxiety disorders. Objective measures of response during these phases may help identify children at risk for anxiety; however, the complexity of current assessment techniques prevent their adoption in many research and clinical contexts. We propose an alternative technology, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), that enables noninvasive measurement of the movements associated with threat response, and test its ability to detect threat response phases in young children at a heightened risk for developing anxiety. We quantified the motion of 18 children (3-7 years old) during an anxiety-/fear-provoking behavioral task using an IMU. Specifically, measurements from a single IMU secured to the child's waist were used to extract root-mean-square acceleration and angular velocity in the horizontal and vertical directions, and tilt and yaw range of motion during each threat response phase. IMU measurements detected expected differences in child motion by threat phase. Additionally, potential threat motion was positively correlated to familial anxiety risk, startle range of motion was positively correlated with child internalizing symptoms, and response modulation motion was negatively correlated to familial anxiety risk. Results suggest differential theory-driven threat response phases and support previous literature connecting maternal child risk to anxiety with behavioral measures using more feasible objective methods. This is the first study demonstrating the utility of an IMU for characterizing the motion of young children to mark the phases of threat response modulation. The technique provides a novel and objective measure of threat response for mental health researchers.

Parental stress in mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Objectivesto evaluate parental stress of mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy; to verify whether parental stress undergoes variations according to the level of motor compromise, the child's phase of life, and sociodemographic variables.Methoda cross-sectional, descriptive study, with 223 mothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Results45.3% of the mothers presented high levels of stress; there were differences in stress between mothers of children with mild and severe motor impairment; mothers of older children were more stressed than mothers of younger children and of adolescents; paid work and leisure activities reduced the stress.Conclusionmothers of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, whose children present mild to severe motor impairment are vulnerable to parental stress. Paid work and leisure activities were the factors that contributed most to reducing the stress.

The Rate of Conversion from Immune-tolerant Phase to Early Immune-clearance Phase in Children with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

PurposeThe spontaneous seroconversion rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection in children is lower than that in adults. However, few studies have investigated the rate of transition from the immune-tolerant to the early immune-clearance phase in children.MethodsFrom February 2000 to August 2011, we enrolled 133 children aged <18 years who had visited the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. All subjects were in the immune-tolerant phase of HBeAg-positive CHB virus infection. The estimated transition rate into the early immune-clearance phase was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsAmong the 133 enrolled pediatric CHB virus infection patients in the HBeAg-positive immune-tolerant phase, only 21 children (15.8%) had converted to the early immune-clearance phase. The average age at entry into active hepatitis was 10.6±4.8 years. The incidence of transition from the immune-tolerant to the early immune-clearance phase in these children was 1.7 episodes/100 patient-years. When analyzed by age, the estimated transition rate was 4.6%, 7.1%, and 28.0% for patients aged <6, 6-12, >12 years, respectively.ConclusionIn children with CHB virus infection, the estimated rate of entry into the early immune-clearance phase was 28.0% for patients aged 12-18 years, which was significantly higher than that observed for children aged <12 years (11.7%; p=0.001).

The Worldwide Association between Television Viewing and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study

BackgroundStudies exploring the effect of television viewing on obesity throughout childhood are conflicting. Most studies have been confined to single high-income countries. Our aim was to examine the association between television viewing habits and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescents and children in a multicentre worldwide sample.MethodsIn the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children Phase Three, adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years completed questionnaires which included questions on television viewing habits, height and weight. Parents/guardians of children aged between 5 and 8 years completed the same questionnaire on behalf of their children. The questionnaire asked “During a normal week, how many hours a day (24 hours) do you (does your child) watch television?” Responses were categorised as; “short” (<1 hour), “moderate” (1 to ≤3 hours), “long” (3 to ≤5 hours) and “prolonged” (>5 hours).Findings207,672 adolescents from 37 countries and 77,003 children from 18 countries provided data. Daily television viewing in excess of one hour was reported in 89% of adolescents and 79% of children. Compared with adolescents in the short viewing group, those in the moderate, long and prolonged groups had BMIs that were 0.14 kg/m2, 0.21 kg/m2, 0.30 kg/m2 and 0.08 kg/m2, 0.16 kg/m2 and 0.17 kg/m2 larger for females and males respectively (both P<0.001). Compared with children in the short viewing group, those in the moderate, long and prolonged groups had BMIs that were 0.24 kg/m2, 0.34 kg/m2, 0.36 kg/m2 and 0.19 kg/m2, 0.32 kg/m2 and 0.36 kg/m2 larger for females and males respectively (both P<0.001).InterpretationIncreased television viewing hours were positively associated with BMI in both adolescents and children with an apparent dose response effect. These findings extend the evidence that television viewing contributes to increased BMI in childhood.

Measuring Patient and Family Experiences of Health Care for Children

BackgroundThe Institute of Medicine considers patient centeredness a core dimension of quality. Several patient/family surveys exist to assess pediatric health care. The Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act mandates strengthening quality measurement for children, including for patient/family experience of care. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine what instruments exist for measuring patient/family experience of pediatric health care and which should be included in the core measurement set for assessing Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) programs; to identify gaps in measurement; and to provide recommendations for measure development. MethodsWe developed a conceptual framework for measuring patient/family experience of care. We conducted a review of national measure clearinghouses and of the literature to assess validity, reliability, and feasibility of existing measures, and how these measures address the conceptual framework. ResultsWe found valid and reliable instruments for measuring patient/family experience of care include the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) instruments, Promoting Healthy Development Survey (PHDS), Young Adult Health Care Survey (YAHCS), and the National Research Corporation Picker Pediatric Inpatient Survey (NRC Picker). We identified the need for matching patients with providers and groups as a barrier for widespread use of the CAHPS® pediatric clinician & group instrument. ConclusionsWe recommended to the National Advisory Council for Healthcare Research and Quality Subcommittee on Children’s Healthcare Quality Measures for Medicaid and Child Health Insurance Programs (SNAC) the CAHPS® Child Medicaid 4.0 and pediatric Clinician & Group Survey for inclusion in the initial recommended list of core measures for voluntary use by Medicaid and CHIP. The Clinician and Group Survey was not included in the list posted for public comment due to concerns at that time (December 2009) about feasibility. We also recommended that development of a child version of the CAHPS® behavioral and mental health survey now used in the adult population and of a pediatric hospital CAHPS® measure be considered high priorities for development in the next phase of Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act measurement activity. This phase should also explore methods to increase response rates and lower costs of obtaining consumer feedback.

Trichotillomania Is Usually a Passing Phase in Children

Trichotillomania Is Usually a Passing Phase in Children

Patient and parent understanding of informed consent in orthodontics

In both medical and dental settings, researchers have found that patients do not adequately comprehend the information given during informed consent discussions, especially the less educated, low-income patients. Because of the importance of patient compliance with orthodontic treatment regimens, this study examined patient and parent understanding of the child's Phase I orthodontic treatment in a public dental clinic with ethnically diverse, low-income patients. Interviews were conducted with 29 children (ages 6-12) and their parents or guardians at the orthodontic case presentation appointment. The orthodontist explained the reasons for treatment, the orthodontic procedures to be used, the risks, the alternatives, and patient and parent responsibilities during treatment; the session was audiotaped. Interviews were conducted immediately after this discussion and the results compared with the orthodontists' presentations. In general, both children and parents recalled significantly fewer reasons for treatment (1.10, 1.66, and 2.34 items, respectively), procedures (1.55, 1.59, and 2.45, respectively), risks associated with treatment (0.66, 1.48, and 4.66, respectively), and responsibilities of the child during treatment (2.21, 2.07, and 3.38, respectively) than what the orthodontist had told them. They were also less likely to recall the reasons, procedures, and risks that were most frequently cited by the orthodontist. These findings raise concerns about the effectiveness of current informed consent techniques with public health populations, especially the low recall rates within 30 minutes of the case presentations. Low recall of risks by children and their parents, particularly for critical risks such as relapse, caries, and periodontal problems, raises concerns about treatment compliance, success, and more importantly, the effectiveness of the informed consent process itself. Future research should focus on methods to improve the informed consent process among children undergoing orthodontic treatment in a low-income population.

Phases in children's rhythmic development.

Phases in children's rhythmic development.

Factors influencing remission phase in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by selective and progressive autoimmune destruction of beta-cells of the pancreas in genetically susceptible individuals. This autoimmune process takes years before the patient eventually develops clinical DM. Over the course of the disease, some patients regain their ability to secrete endogenous insulin to some extent for a period of few months to years. This partial remission phase has drawn a lot of attention since it offers a window of opportunity to intervene in an attempt to restore pancreatic beta-cell function or to prevent development of the disease in the prediabetic population at risk. Several factors, including age, sex, pubertal status, metabolic findings at the time of presentation, HLA types, presence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies, have been recognized to affect the likelihood of partial or complete remission in children with type 1 DM. Several interventions in patients with new-onset type 1 DM have been tried, including oral nicotinamide and immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatments, in an attempt to preserve beta-cell function and to promote or prolong the remission phase, but no conclusive data have been obtained so far. This review summarizes current knowledge on the factors that possibly influence the remission phase in children with type 1 DM.