Pharmacy Supervisors Research Articles

LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF SELLING ANTIBIOTICS DRUGS WITHOUT DOCTOR’S PRESCRIPTION IN PHARMACIES

The use of antibiotic drugs is subject to statutory regulations, which require a doctor's prescription for purchase. Antibiotic drugs are classified as "list G drugs" or "hard drugs," and they can only be submitted with a doctor's prescription. The objective of this investigation is to examine the legal liability of pharmacies as sellers of antibiotics without a doctor's prescription and the legal repercussions for purchasers of antibiotics without a prescription. This research employs a form of normative legal research. This research employs a normative legal research method that employs primary data sources and secondary data, or data obtained through a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study are that the Pharmacist, as a pharmacy supervisor, is fully responsible for the delivery and collection of drugs to prevent unwanted events. Patients will not receive legal protection if they fail to comply with the Pharmacist's instructions to refrain from purchasing antibiotics without a doctor's prescription.

Improving Utilization of the Chemotherapy Unit through Implementing the Medication Early Release Project.

The outpatient oncology infusion unit is very busy, serving 60 to 70 patients per day. Due to a limited number of nurses, treatment chairs, only one pharmacy hood for bio-hazardous drug preparation, and other factors, patients wait a long time before starting their treatment, which affects the patient experience negatively. We conducted a quality improvement project to reduce the waiting time before starting the treatment, improve the patients' experience, and allow the unit to work more effectively through better resource utilization and accommodating more patients. A committee was formed with representatives from oncology nursing and the quality specialist, chemotherapy pharmacy supervisor, data manager, and a medical consultant (team leader). We studied baseline data of patient waiting times from January to March 2019 and the factors that contributed to delays before starting the treatment. The charge nurse identified patients who could safely have their medication released early in the morning at 7 am, enabling the pharmacy to dispense at 8 am without their actual presence being required in the infusion suite (i.e., medication early release program or MERP). Multiple plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles were implemented to achieve a wait time from check-in to medication administration of less than 60 minutes. Data collected included check-in time, chair time, vital signs time, administration time, and discharge time. Additionally, reasons for drug wastage were assessed for patients who did not receive the prepared medication. A patient satisfaction survey was conducted with the patients before and after being enrolled in the program. At baseline, average waiting time for patients receiving similar medications in the MERP was 2 hours and 27 minutes. After the first intervention, average waiting time was reduced to 1 hour and 24 minutes, and small improvements were observed after each PDSA cycl. A major breakthrough occurred after an intensive patient education program and enforcement of strict compliance with the criteria in selecting the patients appropriate for theMERP. Average waiting time wasreduced to ≤ 60 minutes, and in November 2022, it was 30 minutes on average. Drug wastage was identified as a balancing measure. We were successful in reducing drug wastage by implementing several changes and patient education measures and achieved zero wastage. The patient satisfaction survey showed better satisfaction with the new changes. A positive impact was achieved in this quality improvement project, with a significant reduction in the average waiting time for patients to start receiving chemotherapy. The outcome of this project has been maintained for 4 years and is still ongoing.

439 Design and feasibility testing of IDC-VI: a theory-informed intervention to support medication dispensing and counselling for patients with vision impairment

Abstract Introduction Pharmaceutical services for visually impaired (VI) individuals are lacking, both worldwide and in Saudi Arabia (SA). Little evidence exists for effective pharmaceutical interventions to support medicines optimisation in this population (1). The Medical Research Council advocates theory-based intervention development and feasibility testing before full implementation. A feasibility study ‘asks whether something can be done, should we proceed with it, and if so, how’. Aim To design and test the feasibility of IDC-VI (Intervention for Dispensing and Counselling for the Visually Impaired). Methods Phase 1 focused on developing the intervention. Using the theoretical domains framework (TDF) (2), 26 hospital/community pharmacists in SA were interviewed about their dispensing/counselling behaviour with a view to developing an intervention. The research team identified nine key TDF domains and selected eight behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to include in the intervention which could potentially enhance the pharmacist’s knowledge, skills and help them monitor their behaviour. The BCTs were operationalised to produce an intervention package including a training session for pharmacists, behaviour goal setting and review sheets, a checklist with 25 steps to follow during dispensing/counselling (e.g., Ask “What is the best method to provide information about medications to you and/or your caregiver?”), sample patient scenarios, and an intervention record and manual. Phase 2 tested the feasibility of the intervention and study procedures (recruitment, data collection) at two hospital outpatient pharmacies. Two pharmacists, recruited through the pharmacy supervisor, were trained and provided with all intervention materials. Pharmacists were asked to implement the intervention with VI adult patients taking ≥3 medicines. Due to difficulties in identifying patients prior to attending the pharmacy, records of those requesting refills for out-of-stock medicines were used to recruit patients. Outcomes focused on the feasibility of recruitment, and collecting data on pharmacists’ experience and patients’ medicines/medical conditions. Pharmacists and patients provided feedback through interviews and telephone-administered questionnaires, respectively. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Results Two pharmacists implemented the IDC-VI with five patients. The patient recruitment process was practical at the time, but not feasible for a future study as the pharmacy stopped collecting records of those requesting out-of-stock medications. Data on pharmacists’ experience and patients’ clinical data were easily collected via interviews or extracted from medical/pharmacy records, respectively. The dispensing/counselling process took 15-30 minutes. Both pharmacists thought the intervention was useful, but were concerned about its acceptability/practicability, due to heavy workload and time constraints at the pharmacy. Shortening the dispensing/counselling checklist was suggested to improve acceptability. Three patients reported that the service had somewhat influenced how they took their medications due to the additional information obtained. Two patients reported very little or no influence at all. Conclusion The IDC-VI used a novel approach in developing and testing an intervention targeting pharmaceutical care services to VI patients. It was potentially feasible. Numbers completing the study were small, although the final sample was inclusive in terms of age, gender, and visual impairment levels. Amendments are required before testing the intervention in a larger pilot trial.

Practice of High-Risk/Alert Medications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2022,11,3,92-103.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.16Published:December 2022Type:Research Article Authors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Randa Jaroudi, Hussain Mohammed Ibrahim Aareji, Faisal Safouq Alanazi, and Maha Hussein Almadany Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Bsc. Pharm Patient Safety Specialist Saudi Patient Safety Center Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Randa Jaroudi, BSc, PharmD TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelance TPN Consultation, SAUDI ARABIA. Hussain Mohammed Ibrahim Aareji, BSc. Pharm, Assistant Director of Quality Management and Patient safety, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA Faisal Safouq Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Pharmaceutical Care Services, MOH, Hafar Albatin, SAUDI ARABIA. Maha Hussein Almadany, Bsc. Pharm, Health Care Quality Management Professional Diploma (HCQM), Pharmacy Quality department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Madina Al Monwarah, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: To illustrate the pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alertmedications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists and practices, Basic and advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation, the High- Risk/Alertdrugs implemented in the following medication stages, and medications considered high alert or high risk at your institution. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 been done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/ Alert medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of the practice of pharmacists’ basic of High-Risk/Alertmedications was (3.81). The element “The risk medications is a part of medications safety vision” obtained the highest score (4.18), and the element “Policy and procedure of High-Risk/ Alertmedications “ was (4.18). Followed the “The High-Risk/Alertmedications is a part of medications safety Mission” (4.12). The average advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation score was (3.62). The element “The pharmacist share in medications safety committee for High-Risk/Alertmedications discussion” (4.12) and the element “There is documentation of potential impact and outcomes with High- Risk/Alertmedications “ was (3.85). The average score of High-Risk/Alertmedications implemented in the medications stages was (3.99). The dispensing stage obtained the highest score (4.21), and the administration stage (4.12). Most drugs considered high alert or high risk at the institutions were antithrombotic agents 332 (77.39%) and adrenergic agonists 330 (76.92%). They were followed by insulin 285 (66.43%) and inotropic medications 284 (65.97%). Conclusion: The pharmacist’s practice of High- Risk/Alertmedication is sufficient in Saudi Arabia. However, more expanded training in anesthesia and operation rooms has been successfully implemented. That leads to many preventive drug-related problems and avoids unnecessary economic burdens on the healthcare system. Keywords:Alert, Drugs., High-risk, Medications, Pharmacist, PracticeView:PDF (381.02 KB) PDFClick here to download the PDF file. Images Practice of High-Risk/Alert Medications by Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacist’s Knowledge of High-risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences,2022,11,3,65-71.DOI:10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.13Published:December 2022Type:Research Article Authors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Maha Hussein Almadany, Randa Jaroudi, Faisal Safouq Alanazi, and Musleh Samil Reshidi Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst,Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Nouf Saad Al-Saban, Bsc. Pharm Patient Safety Specialist Saudi Patient Safety Center Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Maha Hussein Almadany, Bsc. Pharm, Health Care Quality Management Professional Diploma (HCQM), Pharmacy Quality department, King Salman bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Al Madina Al Monwarah, SAUDI ARABIA. Randa Jaroudi, BSc, PharmD TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelance TPN Consultation, SAUDI ARABIA. Faisal Safouq Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Pharmaceutical Care Services, MOH, Hafar Albatin, SAUDI ARABIA. Musleh Samil Reshidi, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clinic Pharm, Allied Medical Services Hail, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: To explore pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey discussing pharmacist knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists, the High-risk/Alert medications assessment of basic knowledge, and The Resources used about the High risk or high-alert medications. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 been done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/ Alert medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of knowledge of pharmacists about High-risk/ Alert medications was (3.71). The pharmacists familiar with prohibited abbreviations during High-risk/Alert prescribing medications obtained the highest score (4.42). The element “heard about the concept of High-risk/Alert medications” got the second highest score (4.39), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). Followed by the pharmacists familiar with look-alike sound-alike of Highrisk/ Alert medications (4.30) and know the narcotics and controlled medications (4.27) ), with a statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The most used resources for High-risk/Alert or high-alert medication information were Drug information resources (Lexi comp-drug information, Micromedex, Epocrates etc. 345 (78.05%), and Scientific literature 222 (50.23%). They were followed by Health practitioners 206 (46.61%) SFDA website 157 (35.52%). Conclusion: The pharmacist’s knowledge of High-risk/Alert medications is adequate in Saudi Arabia. However, an expanded basic and advanced understanding of High-risk/Alert areas is needed to improve pharmacy performance, patient safety, and quality of life in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Alert, Drugs., High-risk, Knowledge, Medications, PharmacistView:PDF (275.13 KB) PDFClick here to download the PDF file. Images Pharmacist’s Knowledge of High-risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia

Communication and Relationships Factors of Pharmacy Career Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports,2019,5,3,124-129.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2019.5.23Published:August 2019Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Faiz A. Bahadig, Saima Qaism, Khurram Shahzad, Budoor Emad Aloumi, Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, and Reem Saad Alsubaie Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, The Former General Manager of General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Former Head, National Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Former Head, Pharmacy R&D Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Faiz A. Bahadig, Informatics Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical, City-WR-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard, SAUDI ARABIA. Saima Qaism, Senior Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard, SAUDI ARABIA. Khurram Shahzad, Senior Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard, SAUDI ARABIA. Budoor Emad Aloumi, Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs. KAMC - Central Region, SAUDI ARABIA. Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Reem Saad Alsubaie, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Objectives: This article describes the overall job satisfaction of pharmacists working in Saudi Arabia by exploring their communication and relationship with supervisors and patients. The aim of this study to declare the communications and relationship factors of Pharmacist Job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a 4-months cross section survey of communication and relationship factors on Pharmacist Job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of forty-three questions divided into two-part demographic information and the second part was the questions about communication and relationships factors of pharmacy job. It included pharmacy supervisors, relationship with coworkers and pharmacist interaction with other healthcare providers, the customer interaction and overall job satisfaction. Results: The total responders were two hundred and forty-two. The gender distribution 169 (70.7%) was male and 70 (29.3%) was female. The majority of them 202 (84.2%) were in age (20-39). The average satisfaction score of pharmacy supervisors’ factors was (3.0), pharmacist interaction with other healthcare providers’ factors was (3.34) while the customer interaction was (2.81) and the pharmacist relationship with coworkers was (3.67). Most of the pharmacist found the challenges at their job were (77.6%). Some responders wished to change their pharmacy career (43.75%) while (61.66%) liked to stay in the pharmacy field. The overall job satisfaction scores were (3.61). Conclusion: Most of the pharmacists not satisfied with their job because of the supervisor relationship and non-existent patient education services. The pharmacy supervisors of hospital pharmacies demanded management tools and communication skills with their colleagues. In addition, patient counselling program should be implemented at healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Career, Communication, Factors, Pharmacy, Relationships, Satisfaction, Saudi ArabiaView:PDF (213.19 KB) PDF PDF Images Communication and Relationships Factors of Pharmacy Career Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia

Factors of Pharmacy Practice on Pharmacy Technician Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports,2019,5,3,145-150.DOI:10.5530/PTB.2019.5.27Published:August 2019Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Faiz A. Bahadig Rph, Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Budoor Emad Aloumi, and Reem Saad Alsubaie Author(s) affiliations:Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, The Former General Manager of General Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Former Head, National Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Former Head, Pharmacy R&D Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Faiz A. Bahadig Rph, Informatics Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdul-Aziz Medical, City-WR-Jeddah, Ministry of National Guard, SAUDI ARABIA. Bayan Ibrahim Alghuraybi, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Budoor Emad Aloumi, Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs. KAMC - Central Region, SAUDI ARABIA. Reem Saad Alsubaie, Pharmacy Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA. Abstract:Purpose: To explore the Pharmacy practice factors on pharmacy technician job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It is a 4-months cross-section survey of the stress factors impact of pharmacy technician job satisfaction in Saudi Arabia. The study consisted of 35 questions divided into two-part demographic information and the second part consisted of three parts. Part one was about stress-related factors of pharmacy job. It included pharmacy management policies, pharmacy stress factors, pharmacy personal time, salary and benefits, pharmacy motivation factors. Part two included the questions about pharmacy services units of pharmacy job. It included pharmacy management structure, dispersing and patient education, clinical pharmacy services, pharmacy technology, pharmacy store and overall job satisfaction. Part three questions consisted of communication and relationships factors of pharmacy technician job. It included pharmacy supervisors, relationship with coworkers and pharmacist interaction with other healthcare providers, customer interaction and overall job satisfaction. The questionnaire was made as an electronic format and it analyzed through survey monkey system about part one about pharmacy services units of pharmacy technician job. Results: The total responders were 96. The gender distribution 83 (86.46%) were males and 13 (13.54%) were females. The majority of them 86 (89.58%) were in age group (20-39 years). The average pharmacy technician satisfaction score of pharmacy management structure was (3.14), clinical pharmacy technician activities was (3.16), pharmacy technician satisfaction of pharmacy informatics was (2.76), pharmacy technician satisfaction score of pharmacy store factors were (2.87) and the overall job satisfaction was (3.62). The finding showed for factor there are no significant differences between male or female and social status married or single, experiences of current position and the most of salary income for all pharmacy services elements satisfaction (p>0.5). Conclusion: The pharmacy services with an emphasis on information technology and pharmacy inventory management affected negatively to the pharmacy technician job satisfaction. All pharmacy services satisfactions should be corrected to improve the pharmacy technician in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Keywords:Factors, Job, Pharmacy, Pharmacy Technicians, Practice, Satisfaction, Saudi ArabiaView:PDF (208.78 KB) PDF PDF Images Factors of Pharmacy Practice on Pharmacy Technician Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabia

Development of a Postgraduate Community Pharmacist Specialization Program Using CanMEDS Competencies, and Entrustable Professional Activities

Objectives. To develop and implement a postgraduate, workplace-based curriculum for community pharmacy specialists in the Netherlands, conduct a thorough evaluation of the program, and revise any deficiencies found. Methods. The experiences of the Dutch Advisory Board for Postgraduate Curriculum Development for Medical Specialists were used as a guideline for the development of a competency-based postgraduate education program for community pharmacists. To ensure that community pharmacists achieved competence in 10 task areas and seven roles defined by the Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists (CanMEDS), a two-year workplace-based curriculum was built. A development path along four milestones was constructed using 40 entrustable professional activities (EPAs). The assessment program consisted of 155 workplace-based assessments, with the supervisor serving as the main assessor. Also, 360-degree feedback and 22 days of classroom courses were included in the curriculum. In 2014, the curriculum was evaluated by two focus groups and a review committee. Results. Eighty-two first-year trainees enrolled in the community pharmacy specialist program in 2012. That number increased to 130 trainees by 2016 (a 59% increase). In 2015, based on feedback from pharmacy supervisors, trainees, and other stakeholders, 22.5% of the EPAs were changed and the number of workplace-based assessments was reduced by 48.5%. Conclusion. Using design approaches from the medical field in the development of postgraduate workplace-based pharmacy education programs proved to be feasible and successful. How to address the concerns and challenges encountered in developing and maintaining competency-based postgraduate pharmacy education programs merits further research.

Implementation of safety standards of compounded sterile preparations in hospital pharmacies: a multinational cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo evaluate implementation of safety standards of compounded sterile preparations in different hospitals.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 124 hospitals from 19 countries. A survey was developed based on the guidelines and...

An assessment of the basic medication safety practices in Khartoum State hospitals

PurposeTo assess the presence of medication safety practices in Khartoum State hospitals.MethodsA previously used questionnaire was used to evaluate medication safety practices. The main practices evaluated were the presence of...

Pharmacy practice and injection use in community pharmacies in Pokhara city, Western Nepal.

BackgroundCommunity pharmacies in Nepal serve as the first point of contact for the public with the health care system and provide many services, including administering injections. However, there is a general lack of documented information on pharmacy practice and injection use in these pharmacies. This study aims to provide information about pharmacy practice in terms of service and drug information sources, and injection use, including the disposal of used injection equipment.MethodsA mixed method, cross-sectional study was conducted in 54 community pharmacies in Pokhara city. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, and also by the direct observation of pharmacy premises. Interviews with pharmacy supervisors (proprietors) were also conducted to obtain additional information about certain points.ResultsInterviews were carried out with 54 pharmacy supervisors/proprietors (47 males and 7 females) with a mean age and experience of 35.54 and 11.73 years, respectively. Approximately a half of the studied premises were operated by legally recognized pharmaceutical personnel, while the remainder was run by people who did not have the legal authority to operate pharmacies independently. About a quarter of pharmacies were providing services such as the administration of injections, wound dressing, and laboratory and consultation services in addition to medicine dispensing and counseling services. The ‘Current Index of Medical Specialties’ was the most commonly used source for drug information. Almost two-thirds of patients visiting the pharmacies were dispensed medicines without a prescription. Tetanus Toxoid, Depot-Medroxy Progesterone Acetate, and Diclofenac were the most commonly-used/administered injections. Most of the generated waste (including sharps) was disposed of in a municipal dump without adhering to the proper procedures for the disposal of hazardous waste.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies in Pokhara offer a wide range of services including, but not limited to, drug dispensing, counseling, dressing of wounds, and administering injections. However, the lack of qualified staff and adequate infrastructure may be compromising the quality of the services offered. Therefore, the health authorities should take the necessary measures to upgrade the qualifications of the personnel and to improve the infrastructure for the sake of good pharmacy practice and the safer use of injections.

House Community Pharmacy Caucus hosts ‘pharmacy 101’ briefi ng

House Community Pharmacy Caucus hosts ‘pharmacy 101’ briefi ng

Experiences of Supervision at Practice Placement Sites

Background. Whilst placement supervision and clinical education programmes are of significant value in shaping the behaviours of undergraduate healthcare students, appropriate provisions which are efficacious to the learner are somewhat lacking, particularly for students studying on UK MPharm programmes.Objectives. To explore and explain the value of placement supervision to the personal development and employability of undergraduate pharmacy students.Methods. Students participated in a week long community pharmacy pilot programme, a result of a collaborative effort between the School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences and a small consortium of community pharmacies. Students and stakeholders were asked to evaluate their experiences via separate questionnaires which had been developed to elicit views and attitudes.Key Findings. Feedback from students and stakeholders towards the experience was overwhelmingly positive with multiple benefits being reported. Of particular prominence was the emphasis in student feedback on the value of placement supervision to their professional and personal development. Findings were indicative of a development in clinical practice proficiencies, core skills, and improvement in decision-making practice.Conclusions. The benefits of clinical supervision to the professional and personal development of MPharm students are well documented, although attracting professional pharmacy supervisors is proving a problematic task for educational providers in the UK.

Care and Collaboration in the Community Cancer Center

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsAnnie LambertAnnie Lambert, PharmD, has worked as oncology pharmacy supervisor for MultiCare Regional Cancer Center since 2007. MultiCare Health System, MultiCare Regional Cancer Center was a 2011 ACCC Innovator Award recipient.

Becoming an effective pharmacy supervisor

If you are the only pharmacist on a shift and have one or more pharmacy technicians working with you, then you are a supervisor, even if you do not have that official title. All pharmacy operations in all kinds of health care settings need good supervision. Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians

Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient

Journal Article Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient Get access Medical Care of the Pregnant Patient Edited by Richard V. Lee, Karen Rosene-Montella , Linda Anne Barbour, Peter R. Garner, and Erin Keely Published by the American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1572, 2000. xxvii + 866 p. Price $ 55.00 David L. Lourwood, Pharm.D., BCPS David L. Lourwood, Pharm.D., BCPS Pharmacy Supervisor Coram Healthcare, Inc., 13205 Lakefront Drive, Earth City, MO 63045 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 58, Issue 15, 1 August 2001, Page 1459, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.15.1459 Published: 01 August 2001

Electronic balance as quality assurance for cytotoxic drug admixtures.

Journal Article Electronic balance as quality assurance for cytotoxic drug admixtures Get access Howard Ritter, Howard Ritter Pharmacist 1 Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lawrence A. Trissel, FASHP, Lawrence A. Trissel, FASHP Director, Clinical Pharmaceutics Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Roger W. Anderson, M.S., Roger W. Anderson, M.S. Head Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lucy M. Moyer, Lucy M. Moyer Pharmacy Supervisor Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joan S. Morales Joan S. Morales Pharmacy Technologist 1 Division of Pharmacy. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 53, Issue 19, October 1996, Pages 2318–2320, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/53.19.2318 Published: 01 October 1996

Prevalence of sorbitol in multiple-dose activated charcoal regimens in emergency departments.

To determine the availability and use of premixed activated charcoal in sorbitol preparations during multiple-dose activated charcoal therapy in the emergency department. A prospective telephone survey of all 911 receiving hospitals within the catchment area of one poison center. Hospital pharmacy supervisors and ED charge nurses. Hospital pharmacy supervisors were surveyed about the available preparations of activated charcoal on their hospital's formulary, and ED charge nurses in these same hospitals were surveyed about the prevalence of sorbitol use in multiple-dose activated charcoal regimens. Eleven hospitals (16%) stocked only activated charcoal in sorbitol preparations. Twenty-one hospitals (31%) had both activated charcoal in sorbitol preparations and activated charcoal without sorbitol preparations, and 35 hospitals (52%) had only activated charcoal without sorbitol preparations. Repeat dosing of sorbitol during multiple-dose activated charcoal therapy occurred in 33 of 67 (49%) of the EDs surveyed. Sorbitol dosing is often repeated with activated charcoal during multiple-dose activated charcoal therapy in the ED because of the ready availability (and sometimes exclusive availability) of premixed activated charcoal in sorbitol preparations.

Patient Anonymity Precludes Pharmaceutical Care

Journal Article Patient Anonymity Precludes Pharmaceutical Care Get access Gregory Szymaniak, Pharm.D. Gregory Szymaniak, Pharm.D. Clinical Pharmacy Supervisor Health Services Association of Central New York 8278 Willett Parkwav Baldwinsville, NY 1.4027 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 50, Issue 9, 1 September 1993, Pages 1862–1863, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/50.9.1862a Published: 01 September 1993

The Pharmacy Supervisor and the Employee Pharmacist's Job Satisfaction

It seems obvious that satisfaction with one's immediate supervisor would have a significant impact on one's general job satisfaction. However, this relationship has received little attention in the pharmacy literature. This study was designed to determine 1) whether there are differences in job-related satisfaction between pharmacists whose immediate supervisors are pharmacists and those whose supervisors are not pharmacists, and 2) whether the occurrence of conflict between a pharmacist and his or her immediate supervisor is related to the employee pharmacist's job and career satisfaction. The most pronounced finding was the importance of supervisors being pharmacists: satisfaction on five of six satisfaction subscales was related to whether one's supervisor was a pharmacist. Moreover, pharmacists who had the fewest conflicts and disagreements with their supervisors were more satisfied with their choice of pharmacy as a career, their employers, their supervisors, and their jobs.