Pharmaceutical Warehouse Research Articles

A comprehensive risk assessment framework for occupational health and safety in pharmaceutical warehouses using Pythagorean fuzzy Bayesian networks

Risk assessment plays a crucial role in managing occupational health and safety in various industries, including pharmaceutical warehouses. Bayesian Networks (BN) have been widely employed for risk assessment due to their ability to handle uncertainty and quantify risks. However, the traditional BN approach has limitations in dealing with ambiguity and continuous variables. To address this, the fuzzy BN technique, combining fuzzy logic with BN, has emerged as an effective method for risk assessment. In this study, a fuzzy BN model using Pythagorean fuzzy sets is proposed for risk assessment in a pharmaceutical warehouse. The model incorporates 24 identified risk factors, and survey data is used to determine the conditional probabilities of these factors. The novelty of the study lies in the application of Pythagorean fuzzy sets and the development of risk assessment criteria specifically for pharmaceutical warehouses. The results of a comprehensive literature review and the proposed methodology are presented. A real case analysis is conducted, followed by validation and sensitivity analysis. The results provide valuable insights into enhancing occupational health and safety practices in pharmaceutical warehouses. The study contributes to enhancing occupational health and safety practices in pharmaceutical warehouses and provides a framework for future research.

Assessment of veterinary pharmaceutical warehouse management practices and its associated challenges in four selected zones and Bahir Dar city of Amhara regional state, Ethiopia.

A pharmaceutical warehouse is part of the pharmaceutical supply chain and is essential to maintaining the quality and efficacy of veterinary pharmaceuticals for successful animal health service delivery. However, poor storage conditions, improper handling, and inappropriate use and disposal constitute challenges for veterinary supplies in animal health services. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the existing practices and challenges in warehouse management in government veterinary clinics and private veterinary drug wholesalers in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 veterinary health facilities in four selected zones (south Gondar, west Gondar, central Gondar, and west Gojam zones) and Bahir Dar administrative city. Zones were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, pre-defined and tested observational checklists, and semi-structured interview guides. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach. The study revealed the presence of poor stock management practices, such as the absence of standard operating procedures for warehouse activities in ~59.5% of facilities surveyed. In none of the surveyed facilities, bin cards and system software utilization were satisfactory. The absence of disposal guidelines was detected in 83.8% of the facilities, and the practice of timely disposal of expired drugs was not satisfactory. Compared to the government veterinary clinics, private veterinary drug wholesalers had better storage practices (86.25%) following theoretical recommendations. The storage conditions in government clinics were rated poor at 48.3% (>80%, which is the limit to the acceptable rate for good storage conditions). The challenges of inadequate infrastructure, a lack of qualified staff, problems with the availability and affordability of pharmaceutical products, insufficient regulatory practice, and budget constraints were identified. A holistic approach involving related stakeholders should be followed to improve the existing challenges and the sector's efficiency.

Evaluasi Penyimpanan Obat di Gudang Instalasi Farmasi

This study aims to determine the percentage of drug storage in the IFRS Sariningsih Warehouse in Bandung City that meets pharmaceutical storage standards. The method used is a type of descriptive research through data collection carried out observationally as an evaluation and suitability analysis. The research results show that the pharmaceutical warehouse consists of 2 rooms. One of the warehouses contains a work desk and computer, shelves used to store ointments, creams, capsules and tablets. Apart from that, there is also 1 (one) refrigerator. Another room is used to store medicines containing liquids. In this room there are shelves used to store medicines arranged by group, namely external use (topical), internal use (oral) and injection. Meanwhile, tablets, capsules and other dry medicines are stored in airtight containers and placed on shelves and in a separate room from liquids, ointments and injection preparations. Conclusion The suitability of drug storage conditions in the Sariningsih Hospital Pharmacy Installation Warehouse, reviewed with the suitability of CDOB as supporting data, can be said to be quite good.
 
 Keywords: Evaluation, Pharmacy Warehouse, Drug Storage.

Evaluation Of Medicine Storage Management and Compatibility With Storage Standards in The Pharmaceutical Warehouse of Hospital Badung Regency

The effectiveness of drug storage is essential for effective drug management; if it is inadequate, pharmacy services and performance will be compromised. Therefore, a review of drug storage management and the appropriateness of drug storage regulations is required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drug storage and the acceptability of drug storage in the pharmaceutical warehouse of Hospital, Badung Regency. This study used cross-sectional methodology, descriptive observational quantitative research, and data collected from all medicinal products between March and April 2023. A checklist taken from the 2010 Binfar guidelines became the research tool. The result Indicators of drug storage such as percentage of matched drugs with stock cards was 100%, percentage of expired drugs was 1,46%, percentage of empty stock was 0%. Result of standards of drug storage such as space organized, drug supplies were prepared, and storage facilities were used was 100%. The results of the suitability of drug storage facilities in the Pharmacy Warehouse of Regional Hospital Badung Regency are in accordance with the standards of drug storage facilities, while the results of the efficiency value of drug storage in the Pharmacy Warehouse of Regional Hospital Badung Regency show that it has not achieved maximum results. Evaluation of drug storage management in the Pharmacy Warehouse of Regency Hospital Badung needs to be carried out regularly to prevent expired drugs and ensure drug supplies are maintained.

EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN PENYIMPANAN SEDIAAN FARMASI DI GUDANG INSTALASI FARMASI RSIA IBUNDA PELAIHARI

Drug storage in hospital pharmacy installations is a guarantee of the feasibility of drugs received by the hospital before being distributed to patients. pharmaceutical preparations used by the pharmaceutical installation warehouse at RSIA Ibunda Pelaihari based on the quality standards of the Minister of Health regulation number 72 of 2016 concerning service standards in hospitals. The research method uses a qualitative observational method, the research instrument used in data collection is an observational sheet. The results showed that the storage of pharmaceutical preparations in the pharmaceutical installation warehouse of RSIA Ibunda Pelaihari obtained a figure of 92% which was included in the good criteria based on the results of the calculation of the observation sheet carried out in the pharmaceutical installation warehouse of RSIA Ibunda Pelaihari by showing parts that were in accordance with the Permenkes standard number 72 of 2016, namely storage components, storage system, storage method. While as many as 8% that have not met the standards are the storage requirements and storage equipment. The storage of pharmaceutical preparations in the pharmaceutical warehouse of RSIA Ibunda Pelaihari has met the standards of Permenkes number 72 of 2016 with a percentage of 92% which is in the good category.

Description of the Use of Consumable Medical Materials at Rindu B Pharmacy Depot Warehouse H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan Based on 2019 Standard Operating Procedures

Introduction: Managing consumable medical materials involves coordinating activities to ensure they work well together, aiming for effective and efficient management. This ensures doctors always have an adequate supply of high-quality consumable medical materials to support quality services. Objective: This study aimed to describe the Utilization of Consumable Medical Materials at the Pharmacy Warehouse of Depo Rindu B H. Based on the 2019 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Methods: The study utilized direct observation and interviews conducted from May to July 2019. Results: Expenditures in January, February, and March 2019 were 25,726, 22,332, and 24,503 units respectively. Distribution is facilitated through online prescribing and delivery. Observations indicated the use of storage systems such as First In First Out (FIFO) and First Expired First Out (FEFO), organised by dosage form, alphabetical order, and category. Conclusion: Procurement at the Depo Rindu B pharmaceutical warehouse at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan during the 2019 period was by the applicable 2019 SOP

Evaluation Of Medicine Management at the UPTD Pharmacy Warehouse Manembo-Nembo Hospital Type C Bitung

This study was conducted to determine how to evaluate drug management in the pharmaceutical warehouse of the UPTD Manembo-Nembo Hospital type C Bitung. This research uses qualitative research methods by conducting in-depth interviews, document review and observation. This research was conducted at the Pharmacy Warehouse of UPTD Manembo-nembo Hospital Type C Bitung which is located at Jalan SH Sarundajang, Manembo-nembo Tengah Village, Matuari District, Bitung City, North Sulawesi from April to June 2023. The informants of this research are those who have the authority to manage drugs in the Pharmacy Warehouse of the UPTD Manembo-nembo Hospital Type C Bitung. Such as the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, Head of the Hospital Pharmacy Warehouse, Hospital Director, Medical Support and Pharmaceutical Technical Personnel. The results of the study found that Drug Planning at the UPTD Manembo-nembo Hospital Type C Bitung has followed the Guidelines for Planning Drug Needs Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 72 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals, Drug storage in the Pharmaceutical Warehouse UPTD Manembonembo Hospital Type C Bitung is in accordance with using 21 drug storage parameters used only 2 parameters that are not yet in accordance, namely that there are several boxes of drugs placed on the floor without using pallets on the floor and some drugs have not been placed on the shelves of the medicine cabinet, and Monitoring and evaluation is well underway.

Antibiotic consumption in the public sector of the Limpopo province, South Africa, 2014-2018.

Antibiotic consumption (ABC) surveillance is a critical component of the strategic priority response to the increasing antibiotic resistance threat. Levels of ABC at the national and provincial levels in South Africa are unknown because of inadequate ABC surveillance systems and literature. Antibiotic consumption in the public sector of Limpopo province, South Africa, 2014-2018. This retrospective study used sales data retrieved from a pharmaceutical warehouse distribution database to quantify ABC. Antibiotic consumption was measured by the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and 75% drug utilisation index (DU75%). Change in consumption was measured by the compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Between 2014 and 2018, the mean ABC was 4.6 ± 1.0 DID, with an overall decrease of 1.6% in the CAGR. Penicillins (2.3 ± 0.8; 50.0%), sulphonamide and trimethoprim combinations (1.4 ± 0.3 DID; 30.4%) were the most consumed antibiotics. Macrolides had the highest relative increase in consumption during the study period, with a CAGR of 18.5%. In contrast, tetracyclines had the highest relative decrease in consumption, with a CAGR of 100.0%. The CAGR ratio for broad- to narrow-spectrum increased by 39.3%, from 0.4 in 2014 to 2.1 in 2018. The DU75% comprised amoxicillin (28.4%), sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) (27.2%), doxycycline (12.3%) and azithromycin (9.2%). While ABC remained relatively stable throughout the study, there was an increase in broad-spectrum ABC that requires further investigation. This study contributes ABC surveillance data in Southern Africa, described by ATC classification, which is essential for monitoring and evaluating antibiotic stewardship programmes.

Investigation of the pharmaceutical warehouse locations under COVID-19—A case study for Duzce, Turkey

Pharmaceutical warehouses are among the centers that play a critical role in the delivery of medicines from the producers to the consumers. Especially with the new drugs and vaccines added during the pandemic period to the supply chain, the importance of the regions they are located in has increased critically. Since the selection of pharmaceutical warehouse location is a strategic decision, it should be handled in detail and a comprehensive analysis should be made for the location selection process. Considering all these, in this study, a real-case application by taking the problem of selecting the best location for a pharmaceutical warehouse is carried out for a city that can be seen as critical in drug distribution in Turkey. For this aim, two effective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies, namely Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS), are integrated under spherical fuzzy environment to reflect fuzziness and indeterminacy better in the decision-making process and the pharmaceutical warehouse location selection problem is discussed by the proposed fuzzy integrated methodology for the first time. Finally, the best region is found for the pharmaceutical warehouse and the results are discussed under the determined criteria. A detailed robustness analysis is also conducted to measure the validity, sensibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. With this study, it can be claimed that literature has initiated to be revealed for the pharmaceutical warehouse location problem and a guide has been put forward for those who are willing to study this area.

Assessment of Pharmaceutical Warehouse Management Practice: The Case of Private Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Ethiopia

Assessment of Pharmaceutical Warehouse Management Practice: The Case of Private Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Ethiopia

Drug Inventory Analyze in Pharmaceutical Warehouse at Parungpanjang’s Public Health Centre in 2019

Drug Inventory Analyze in Pharmaceutical Warehouse at Parungpanjang’s Public Health Centre in 2019

Towards Forklift Safety in a Warehouse: An Approach Based on the Automatic Analysis of Resource Flows

Warehouse management is a discipline that has gained importance in recent decades. In the era of the Digital Revolution and Industry 5.0, to enable a company to attain a competitive advantage, it is necessary to identify smart improvement tools that help search for warehouse problems and solutions. A good tool to highlight issues related to layout and resource flows is the spaghetti chart which, besides being used to minimize waste according to lean philosophy, can also be used to assess warehouse safety and reliability and improve the plant sustainability. This article shows how to exploit “smart spaghetti” (spaghetti chart automatically generated by smart tracking devices) to conceive improvements in the layout and work organization of a warehouse, reducing the risk of collision between forklifts and improving the operators’ safety. The methodology involves automatically mapping the spaghetti charts (searching for critical areas where the risk of collision is high) and identifying interventions to be carried out to avoid near misses. “Smart spaghetti” constitutes a valuable decision support tool to identify potential improvements in the system through changes in the layout or in the way activities are performed. This work shows an application of the proposed technique in a pharmaceutical warehouse.

"Daltexpharma": A Case Addressing Potential Pharmaceutical Cargo Theft.

This paper is provided as an innovative resource for those in the academic and training arenas to use as a case example in discussing the problem of pharmaceutical cargo theft. The case delves into the worldwide, on-going dilemma of pharmaceutical trucking cargo theft losses and the effects of such theft. For those unfamiliar with the case method of instruction, the paper's ending may be rather unsettling. But that is where the student's learning and faculty instruction process come together. Typically, students (whether in teams or individually) will fully develop their responses based on the queries provided at the end. Faculty may then proceed in any number of ways to elicit the students' insights in a classroom setting. For decades the pharmaceutical industry has been plagued with a plethora of criminal acts that impact the daily processes and procedures of operations. Pharmaceutical warehouse and trucking thefts have not only aided in the currently debilitating state of the opioid crisis in the United States, but these thefts also aid the black market in the illegal sale of diverted prescription drugs. Due to the lack of security measures, vulnerability of the truck drivers, their rigs, and the value of the cargo being transported, pharmaceutical theft is a lucrative opportunity for organized crime. The case presented here describes the issues within the pharmaceutical industry as companies must deal with "last mile" cargo thefts. Daltexpharma represents a synthesized, hypothetical example of a pharmaceutical firm that must develop policies to deal with such potential thefts in its supply chain. Although a fictitious company, the case realistically details the important factors to consider in establishing strong security practices that may be necessary for a pharmaceutical company operating in today's environment. In order to protect the integrity and security of the authors' case notes, particularly for use in an academic setting, the Journal's editor will maintain control of them. They may be obtained by faculty upon presenting their request to the Editor.

AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Motorlu Kurye Seçimi: İlaç Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Timely, fast and reliable delivery of medicines from pharmaceutical warehouse to pharmacies is important for both parties. The aim of this study is to use AHP and TOPSIS methods to select the most suitable motorized courier for a pharmaceutical warehouse operating in the pharmaceutical sector. As a decision maker a specialist opinion was consulted who was responsible for the firm's personnel selection. Literature review and as a result of interviews conducted with the firm's personnel manager were defined five main criteria (technical competence, physical competence, social competence, professional competence and personal characteristics) and subcriteria. Weights of the main and subcriteria were determined using the AHP method. Motorized courier candidates were ranked separately using AHP and TOPSIS methods. Analysis results showed that the most and least important criteria for motorized courier selection were technical competence and social competence, respectively and “Courier 3” is the most suitable candidate according to both methods.

Improving the performance of a Malaysian pharmaceutical warehouse supply chain by integrating value stream mapping and discrete event simulation

Purpose Lean implementation is vastly incorporated in core manufacturing processes; however, its applicability in the supply chain and service industry is still in its infancy. To acquire performance excellence and thrive in the global competitive market, many firms are adopting newer methodologies. But, there is a stringent need for production simulation systems to analyze supply chains both inbound and outbound. The era of face validation is slowly disappearing. Lean tools and procedures that provide future state assumptions need advanced tools and techniques to measure, quantify, analyze and validate them. The purpose of this study is to enable dynamic quantification and visualization of the future state of a warehouse supply chain value stream map using discrete event simulation (DES) technique. Design/methodology/approach This study aimed to apply an integrated approach of the value stream mapping (VSM) and DES in a Malaysian pharmaceutical production warehouse. The main focus is diverted towards reducing the warehouse supply chain lead time by initially constructing a supply chain value stream map (both present state and future state) and integrating its data in a DES modelling and simulation software to dynamically visualize the changes in future state value stream map. Findings The DES simulation was able to mimic the future state lead time reductions successfully, which assists in better decision-making. Improvements were seen related to total lead time, process time, value and non-value-added percentage. Warehouse performance metrics such as receiving, put away and storage rates were substantially improved along with pallet processing time, worker and forklift throughput usage percentage. Detailed findings are clearly stated at the end of this paper. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the warehouse environment and further additional process models and functional upgrades in the DES software systems are very much needed to directly visualize and quantify all the possible Lean assumptions such as radio frequency image identification/Andon (Jidoka), 5S, Kanban, Just-In-Time and Heijunka. However, DES has a leading edge in extracting dynamic characteristics out of a static VSM timeline and capture details on discrete events precisely by picturizing facility modification and lead time related to it. Practical implications This paper includes all the fundamental pharmaceutical warehouse supply chain processes and the simulations of the future state VSM in a real-life context by successfully reducing supply chain lead time and allowing managers in inculcating near-optimal decision-making, controlling and coordinating warehouse supply chain activities as a whole. Social implications This integrated approach of DES and VSM can involve managers and top management to support the adoption of anticipated changes. This study also has the potential to engage practitioners, researchers and decision-makers in the warehouse industry. Originality/value This study involves a powerful DES software package that can mimic the real situation as a virtual simulation and all the data and model building are based on a real warehouse scenario in the pharmaceutical industry.

APPLICATION OF AHP METHOD FOR THE SELECTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE LOCATION

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, eczacılık sektöründe hizmet sunmakta olan bir ecza deposunun ecza deposu yeri seçim problemine Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) yöntemi ile çözüm bulmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’de ilaç dağıtım kanalları arasında önemli bir Pazar payına sahip olan bir ecza deposunun Türkiye’de Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde kurulabilecek olası bir yeni deposu yer seçimi problemi AHS yöntemi ile çözülmüştür. İlk olarak, AHS algoritması belirlenmiştir Ardından belirlenen kriterler ve alternatifler için karar vericiler tarafından ikili karşılaştırma matrisleri oluşturulmuş ve çözüm için matrisler Super Decision programına aktarılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Sonuç olarak, ecza deposu yer seçiminde en önemli kriter altyapı ve fiziksel koşullar (%35) kriteri olmuştur, bunu ulaşım koşulları (%29) takip etmiştir. Bu kriterler doğrultusunda en iyi depo yeri birinci alternatif olarak bulunmuştur.

Industry System Integration of Drug Distribution on Pharmaceutical Installation Based on Supply Chain Management

Supply Chain Management (SCM) requires all sectors to collaborate, coordinate, communicate and exchange information to improve inter-sector productivity. It takes information technology and supplies chain concepts to integrate all sector activities involved such as, in the health field such as clinics and health services. System integration will create good communication and exchange of information, and data availability will be fulfilled. This research will try to offer information technology in the form of integration system by using SCM concept to improve management performance; this research focuses on pharmaceutical warehouse operational activities in the way of distribution and management of drugs. Delivery of LPLPO by Clinic, Monitoring of transactions by Public Health Office. This activity is an SCM practice that requires connected entities to view the same data without disrupting the independence of each sector. System design using the waterfall method. The system will be built with PHP programming and MySQL database. Testing system using Xampp 6.2 servers with black box method, testing is done by requesting pharmacy installation officer to use the system. The results of the system test show that the performance in the internal control section helps management in looking at the stock situation, the type of drug demand, and the trend of existing disease patterns in the community. Data visualization is also helpful in determining health intervention decisions and policies. This has opened the eyes of management to the importance of information technology. Finally, this research becomes a recommendation to the pharmaceutical installation management to use information technology in operational activities

Placement of Products and Improvement of Order Picking Process through Association Analysis: A Case Study in Pharmaceutical Warehouse

While taking strategic decisions for the future in today's business world, which has a constantly changing and dynamic structure, several implications can be drawn with the information obtained from databases and the correct processing and analysis of this information. With regard to these implications, various decisions can be taken to improve the processes. Businesses can execute their processes more efficiently and they are able to make better decisions on the future by processing the data that will benefit by using the data mining techniques. In this study, the past orders of a pharmaceutical company were analyzed and an association analysis of the products in these orders was performed and a methodological framework has been presented based on the Apriori Algorithm results to ensure that the products are placed at the optimum level in the warehouse. Therefore, this study contributes to the improvement of order picking process.

CAUSES OF EMPTINESS DRUGS AND MEDICAL DEVICES CONSUMABLES AT THE REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE

One of the main indicators of quality of hospitals Bangil is the incidence of emptiness drugs and medical devices consumables in the pharmaceutical warehouse. In January to August 2016, the incidence rate is still high vacancy. The high incidence of these gaps affects the quality of hospital services. This study aims to determine the factors that cause a high incidence of emptiness drugs and medical devices consumables in the pharmaceutical warehouseRegional public hospital at bangil. Factors that cause the problems can be found using the fishbone analysis method. The research is qualitative research with the informant as follows: head of the pharmacy, head of the outpatient pharmacy, head of the inpatient pharmacy, pharmaceutical warehouse chief, commitment maker official, technical implementation official. The data obtained from depth interviews with the informant. Identification of alternative solutions was conducted using Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Factors that were discovered and became a priority issue is no calculation of the minimum stock and maximum stock at the pharmacy module hospital information system (SIMRS). Alternative solutions isto create a policy on the calculation of minimum stock and maximum stock of drugs and medical devices consumable in hospital pharmacy.

Integration of Information System Based on Supply Chain Management (SCM) for Pharmaceutical Warehouse in Mamasa Regency

This research applied information system by using Supply Chain Management (SCM) in the pharmaceutical warehouse in Mamasa Regency. The scope of the research was maximized on pharmaceutical warehouse operations and drug distribution to clinics. This research did not focus on cost, profit, lead time, and procurement costs. This system was built using PHP programming language and MySQL database. System development process used waterfall method. It consisted of requirement analysis, system analysis, design, development, and testing. The test system used the xampp 6.2 servers with a black box testing method that involved the pharmaceutical warehouse staff as the end user. The results demonstrate technologies that can be used by physicians to submit drug requests faster and report on real-time drug use (LPLPO). For pharmaceutical warehouses, this system is useful for drug availability, drug management, and response information. This technology can help the health department to perform its role as a supervisory or controlling function (internal controls) of the drugs. This research also gives a recommendation for the pharmaceutical warehouse management in providing benefits for the institutions/companies involved. This research has an insight for the management to realize the importance of Information Technology (IT) to support daily operational activities.