Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Enterprises Research Articles

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Enterprises

To strengthen the supervision of medical safety, we must be strict, with the most rigorous standards, the most stringent supervision, the most severe punishment, the most serious accountability, and strengthen unity and authority. This paper selects the data of pharmaceutical manufacturing listed companies from 2018 to 2022 as a sample, puts forward the hypothesis of the impact of enterprises ' active social responsibility on their financial performance, and establishes a structural equation model to verify the hypothesis. The results show that the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance is different, and the main impact on financial performance is to fulfill social responsibility to partners, shareholders and society.

Review on Various Aspects of 3-D Printing in Pharmacy

3D printing also known as additive manufacturing which involves manufacturing of three dimensional objects by layering.3D printing includes layering materials, like plastics, composites or bio-materials to create objects that variety in shape, length, tension and color. This 3D printing generation has intense flexibility in what may be published. 3D printing has the capability to revolutionize the pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise. Technologies currently being evaluated for use within the 3D printing of prescribed drugs, and the paintings of key market gamers to increase and increase their programs from studies to commercial. Close up of a 3D printing head approximately to begin a print at the printing mattress. The healthcare desires of the populace, and the therapeutics we use to deal with them, are changing. Though generics are undeniably critical, there’s a significant shift towards personalization and customization of remedy – inspired by using the adoption and enhancement of omics technology in healthcare. 3D Printing makes use of software that slices the 3D version into layers (0.01mm thick or less in most cases). Each layer is then traced onto the build plate by the printer, as soon as the pattern is finished, the construct plate is diminished and the subsequent layer is introduced on pinnacle of the previous one. 3D printing generation will revolutionize the pharmaceutical production style and system strategies. However, there's still a enormous barrier to make sure that 3D printed medicines have the same efficacy, protection, and balance as the pharmaceuticals conventionally manufactured by the Pharmaceutical Industry. Regarding the established order of recommendations, laws, first-class systems and protection of use and intake of 3D published drug treatments, it’s miles a top notch assignment for the regulatory authorities entailing great barriers, given the traditional requirements by way of the pharmaceutical sector.

Research on the Impact of Actual Tax Bearing Rate on the Financial Performance of Enterprises.

This paper is based on financial data analysis of 241 listed pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in China, we study the different effects of different tax reduction policies on the financial performance of enterprises in the short term and long term. Through the verification of practical examples, it could be found that the implementation of a tax reduction policy can indeed play a positive role in the financial performance of enterprises, and the reduction of income tax significantly improves the short-term financial performance of enterprises. However, the tax reduction of turnover tax significantly enhances the long-term financial performance of enterprises, and the effect of tax reduction on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises is better than that of non-state-owned enterprises. Generally speaking, tax reduction policy has a better effect on the financial performance of non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in central and western regions than state-owned enterprises and enterprises in eastern regions.

Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty on R&D Investment Smoothing Behavior of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Enterprises: Empirical Research Based on a Threshold Regression Model.

R&D investment is the source of technological innovation of pharmaceutical enterprises, but it will be restricted by the funding level, especially in the context of major public health emergencies occurring more frequently, therefore exploring the impact of monetary policy uncertainty on the R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises has important theoretical and practical value. Based on the relevant data of Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises from 2012 to 2018, this paper studies the impact of monetary policy uncertainty on R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises, and investigates whether there is a threshold effect. First, our results demonstrate that the empirical test results of this article support the hypothesis of R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Second, there is a negative correlation between monetary policy uncertainty and R&D investment smoothing behavior, and the shorter the period is, the higher the financing constraints of pharmaceutical enterprises are, and the more obvious the negative correlation is. Third, financing constraints have a single threshold effect on the R&D investment smoothing behavior of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, with a threshold of −13.7693. Moreover, this conclusion can better promote the virtuous circle of the real economy of financial and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. It is recommended that pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises establish and improve the enterprise R&D reserve system, reduce the risk of R&D investment, play the role of R&D smoothing, and realize the sustainable development of enterprise R&D.

Directions for improving adaptive management efficiency of manufacturing pharmaceutical companies

The aim of the article is to analyze the existing problems of adaptive management of manufacturing pharmaceutical companies and the development of methodological support for their management.
 Materials and methods. The research used methods of theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, synergetic approach and expert survey.
 120 people were involved in the expert survey, divided into four groups: representatives of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises (30 people); representatives of pharmaceutical higher education institutions (30 people); pharmaceutical distributors representing wholesale companies (30 people); end users (30 people).
 Results. The article considers scientific and methodological approaches to improving adaptive management in the direction of forming competitive advantages of manufacturing pharmaceutical companies, the practical implementation of which requires business entities determination, flexibility and adequacy in the formation of modern management strategies and tactical planning and operational tasks of production, economic and commercial activities. There are external and internal factors influencing the formation of competitive advantages of the business entity. As the internal factors we include: organizational and legal form, and business entity organizational structure; the level of scientific and technical development of production; level of education and qualification of staff; business image of the enterprise; financial reputation of the enterprise. However, no less influence on the formation of competitive advantages of the management of manufacturing pharmaceutical companies have external factors, which, in contrast to internal, are not controlled by the entity: the state of the pharmaceutical market; technologies; workforce; scientific and technical development; etc.
 Conclusions. The directions of increasing the adaptive management efficiency are determined and it is concluded that the main criterion of efficiency is the quality of pharmaceutical products and the quality of management decisions in economic risks.

The legal status of participants who create medicines in the national innovation system

Formulation of the problem. Carrying out scientific research in the field of creating innovative medicines is the key to the competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises in the internal Ukrainian and world markets. Proper legal regulation of the legal status of business entities and scientific institutions that create medicines should become a guarantee of state support for scientific research in this area. Recent research on the topic. The scientific works of V.M. Pashkova, I.S. Voronina, M.V. Bunyak and other researchers are devoted to certain problems of innovative activity in the sphere of medicine circulation. At the same time, the problems of the legal status of participants in the national innovation system who create new medicines have not found their coverage in the scientific literature. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal status of participants in the national innovation system, who create medicines. Article’s main body. The scientific research is devoted to the determination of the legal status of the participants of the national innovation system who create medicines. Legislative and by-laws, statistical information posted on the official websites of authorities, publications of researchers who studied innovative activities in the field of medicine circulation were studied. It is stated that the development of innovative medicines can be carried out by research institutes, institutions of higher education and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Medicines productions are created in the organizational and legal form of private and state enterprises, business entities. Research institutes and institutions of higher education have legal form of organization. These institutions are subordinate to either the Ministry of Education and Science, or the Ministry of Health Protection, or the National Academy of Medical Sciences, or the State Service for Medicines and Drug Control of Ukraine. Among the conditions for obtaining a license for the medication production there is no requirement for a laboratory to create new medicines at the enterprise. Requirements for such a laboratory are not provided for in legislative and bylaws. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The author proposes definitions of “medicine developer” and “innovative pharmaceutical organization”. The features of the pharmaceutical enterprise innovativeness, in our opinion, are the presence of a scientific department in the structure of the enterprise and the registration of an innovative project by this enterprise in the prescribed manner. The consolidation of these definitions in the legislation of Ukraine may be important for obtaining state support for scientific research on the new medicines creation.

Ensuring energy efficiency at pharmaceutical enterprises in the paradigm of reducing the technogenic load on the environment

In this paper, the approaches to optimizing the environmental management system at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and the environmental policy of pharmaceutical corporations in general were proposed. In the course of the study, it has turned out that the indicators of the negative impact on the environment as a result of the economic activities of industrial pharmaceutical enterprises do not take into account all the specific features of technological processes. At modern pharmaceutical enterprises, direct environmental risks are minimized at working areas and, in fact, their assessment is replaced by the calculation of barrier and isolation measures, which is in the competence of calculating sanitary and epidemiological risks only for employees of enterprises. In the course of pre-design, design work and the creation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, owing to the requirements and mandatory application of GxP, in fact, the negative impact on the environment at the enterprise itself within the boundaries of its sanitary zone is reduced to zero. However, a number of questions remain to be resolved, including how and to what extent a pharmaceutical business entity, in the course of its activities, causes a negative impact on the environment outside its location.
 With this article, we begin series of publications of the results of our research in the direction of multilateral analysis of environmental risks in pharmaceutical organizations of different profiles and groups of pharmaceutical companies, united into separate corporate companies.
 Compared to those approaches to assessing environmental risks as a result of the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, which are mainly focused on meeting the GxP requirements and relate to the quality of manufactured pharmaceutical products, we propose to take into account information with an emphasis, inter alia, on the energy saving policy of the Russian pharmaceutical industry.
 The main goal of an integrated approach to the development of environmental policy and environmental management system in the pharmaceutical industry is for the management of manufacturing enterprises to comprehensively monitor and assess all environmental risks and energy conservation, in particular, taking into account the provision of energy efficiency to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

Analysis Factors Affecting Accounting Organization in Pharmaceutical Producing Enterprises in Vietnam

This study analyzes and evaluates the factors affecting the organization of the accounting work in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam in the current period. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Research data was collected from 156 surveys, implemented for subjects including directors, deputy directors, chief accountants, accountants of 48 pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. Data were processed using SPSS 22.0 software.

Actual issues of hygienic regulation and creation of safe working conditions at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises

Introduction. The working conditions of pharmaceutical industry workers are characterized by the combined effect of unfavorable factors of the production environment, among which the leading one is chemical. The aim of study is to substantiate the basic principles and criteria for hygienic regulation of pharmaceutical products in their production to ensure safe working conditions for employees based on the results of their own research and existing requirements of technical regulations. Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions and the prevalence of health disorders in pharmaceutical workers (according to literature data), toxicological studies of pharmaceutical substances on laboratory animals, scientific justification of hygiene standards in the air of the working area. Results. Among employees of the pharmaceutical industry, the predominant forms of production-related health disorders are diseases of the respiratory system, as well as skin dermatitis of allergic origin, liver and biliary tract diseases. Based on the results of experimental studies of domestic pharmaceutical products for the treatment of cardiovascular, oncological and mental diseases that have priority socio-economic significance, the basic principles and features of the practice of justifying the hygienic standards of medicines in the air of the working area are developed and systematized. Conclusions. During hygienic rationing of medicines, it is necessary to use a differentiated approach that allows, based on the analysis of information about the chemical structure, physical and chemical characteristics, production conditions, pharmacotherapeutic activity, and the results of studying the toxic effect in an experiment on laboratory animals, to determine the maximum permissible content in the air of the working area of medicines or to justify the prohibition of isolation with reasoned recommendations for their safe production.

Study of intelligent manufacturing quality digitalization of traditional Chinese medicine and practice on Compound Danshen Dripping Pills

China healthcare industry has gradually developed the consumer-centric integrated service model. To satisfy consumers' increasing demands on pluralistic, personalized and transparent healthcare services, pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises must provide high-quality, precise and flexible medicines. This can be achieved by accelerating implementation of intelligent manufacturing, which is the core competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. According to the authors' intelligent manufacturing projects in a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) factory, study and industrial practice on intelligent manufacturing were presented in this paper. First, the quality digitalization-based intelligent manufacturing methodology of TCM was proposed in this paper. The methodology mainly included three digitalized technologies in process and quality design, manufacturing process control and product batch evaluation. Next, the architectural design of intelligent manufacturing systems in one TCM factory was introduced, and the functional modules and data transmission relationships covering seedling, cultivation, herbal slices, preparation, storage and quality management systems were described. Finally, these technologies were fully used, and an integrated quality digitalization system was successfully established in the production workshop of a TCM product Compound Danshen Dripping Pills. The actual operation and application of process analyzers, supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA), manufacturing execution system(MES), data analysis system, and enterprise resource planning system(ERP) were introduced. This paper provides reference for technical path planning and systematic architecture of TCM intelligent manufacturing.

Research on the using of the holistic marketing concept in the activity of Ukrainian pharmaceutical company

A new marketing approach that allows pharmaceutical companies to successfully adapt to the changing external environment can be considered as a holistic marketing. This concept consists of interacting elements influences on the consumers’satisfaction in effective, safe and available pharmaceutical products.
 The aim of the work is the analysis of application of the holistic marketing elements on the example of Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise and the model development for this concept implementation in the activity of pharmaceutical companies.
 Materials and methods: content analysis, survey method, logical and system analysis.
 The research is conducted based on Ukrainian pharmaceutical manufacturing company– LLC «Yuria-Pharm». The survey of company`s employees on the use of holistic marketing elements has been carried out. According to the results, the vast majority of respondents are women from 25 to 44, with work experience in the company up to 5 years, with higher medical, pharmaceutical or economic education. As a rule, respondents hold senior positions in the different departments or directly involved in promotion of the company’s products.According to results obtained, 91.4% respondents understand the values of the company, and 85.7% completely share them. Almost half of respondents suppose that company policy supports their leadership traits development (internal marketing). 68.6% employees sure that the company should take into account the interests of society, focusing on the development of scientific research and support of gifted youth (socially responsible marketing).It has determined that only 34% respondents are constantly interacting with other departments’ employees (integrated marketing).The vast majority of employees cooperate with health facilities (54.3%) and suppliers (51.4%).The respondents have the most productive relations with wholesale companies, health facilities, suppliers and customers (relationship marketing).Respondents estimate relations between the company and its key stakeholders rather positively.Nevertheless, it is worth working in this direction.
 The model of holistic marketing for its implementation in the activities of pharmaceutical companies for provision of the population in Ukraine with available, effective and safe medicines has been developed. The perspective direction of future research is the adaptation of the holistic marketing concept to the current realities of pharmaceutical market and the practical recommendations formulation regarding the holistic approach in the creation of a marketing strategy.

Ways to Resolve Global Problem of Collection, Conveyance and Disposal of Hazardous Medical Wastes in Ukraine

This scientific paper studies the procedure and specific aspects of collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine. Drawing on analysis of the state of matters in the sphere of collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine, we proposed effective ways to resolve this problem. With a view to improve the procedure for collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine, we proposed, firstly, to strengthen public control over the state procurement with the help of “DoZor public”, an online platform, where everyone can provide a feedback to a state customer or supplier, society or law enforcement authorities regarding the conducted procurement procedure, discuss and evaluate the terms of a particular purchase, and analyze purchases of a particular customer. Secondly, insufficient control by the state also provokes emergence of such situations. In this context, it is expedient to lift the moratorium on inspections of business entities by the controlling bodies. It has been established that the main sources of generation of pharmaceutical and medical wastes in Ukraine are: medical waste from hospitals, health centers, health resorts, outpatient clinics, etc.; materials from laboratories and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises; tissues and body parts from surgical theaters; expired drug products; medical devices; leftover medicines in the form of liquid medicines, pills, solutions, etc. in a household setting; waste from pharmacies, pharmacy branches and pharmacy kiosks; packaging materials from drug products, etc. The author has investigated the main methods employed for destruction of poor-quality drugs in the form of solid products, powders (pills, capsules, granules, powders for injection), semisolid drugs (creams, gels, ointments) by means of encapsulation, inertization or high-temperature incineration.

Substantiation for the optimal strategy of risk management in marketing communicative activities of pharmaceutical enterprises based on mathematical model approach

Aim. To develop a mathematical model of risk analysis and evaluation in the marketing communication activity of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in promoting a new medicine product under limiting and (or) saving investment funds for marketing communications. The obtained results allowed to make reasonable decisions as for choosing the optimal risk management strategy in marketing communication activities of pharmaceutical enterprises.Methods. The implementation of the above tasks predetermined the choice of the following methods: content analysis, logical analysis, grouping and generalization, mathematical model methods, etc.Results. The research resulted into introduction of the method of analysis and risk assessment in the marketing communication activity of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in the promotion of a new medicine product using fuzzy modeling theory Fuzzy TECH.The developed mathematical model allows the subjects of the pharmaceutical market to reasonably and timely evaluate the impact of certain risk factors on the results of the marketing communications program's implementation when promoting a new medicine product under limiting and (or) saving investment funds for marketing communications. Taking into account the obtained results allows to make a managerial decision on choosing an optimal risk management strategy in marketing communication activities of enterprises: risk avoidance, risk transfer, risk reduction, risk taking.Conclusions. The given mathematical model is of practical value for the subjects of the pharmaceutical market, since it is not vulnerable to the number of input variables – higher or lower number of risk factors leads to higher or lower number of decision rules, with the model logic remaining unchanged

Emergency response to occupational brucellosis in a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise.

Objectives: Human brucellosis, as a zoonosis, is a serious public health problem in many developing countries, including China. To date, there has been no case report on occupational brucellosis and the emergency response in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The aim of this report is to describe an emergency brucellosis outbreak in this unusual setting and the associated treatment methods from an occupational health perspective. Methods: The emergency response included a field epidemiological investigation, a hierarchy of control strategy, and validation of control measures. Results: Seven workers in the defrosting, grinding, and hydrolysis departments suffered from human brucellosis during two periods. The main symptoms were whole-body joint pain and undulant fever for several weeks, and Brucella-specific serum antibody was found in the patients. A hierarchy of exposure control strategy was implemented, including elimination, engineering control, administrative control, and the use of personal protection equipment. Raw material and environmental monitoring, measurement of placental temperature, Escherichia coli inactivation tests, and health examinations demonstrated that these measures were effective. Conclusions: This report describes an emergent case and the response to two consecutive outbreaks of occupational brucellosis among workers in a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise. The hierarchical control strategy used in this case may prevent new outbreaks, and several lessons can be learned from this event.

The estimation of competitive positions of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on pharmaceutical market of Ukraine

Abstract The aim of our analysis is the estimation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) competitiveness level, calculation of capacity, share and saturation of studied segment of market that allow to improve the competitive strategies of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the results of content-analysis of foreign and native economic literature, we elaborated the methodology of estimation of NSAID competitive positions that consists of six main stages. The offered model of estimation of competitiveness of the studied group of medicines is based on the construction of competition map of medicines on the example of non-selective NSAID as the largest group by the number of presented trade names (TN) using the calculation of market share of medicines for 2015-2016 and dynamics of its growth. RESULTS: The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the market share volume testify that only 8 TN of medicines among 74 are the leaders of market and 10 TN are characterized with strong competitive position. At the same time 51 NSAID TN are outsiders and 5 TN have weak competitive position. The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the change of their competitive position allow state that 16 TN among 74 have fast worsening competitive position, 43 TN belong to the group with worsening competitive position and only 5 TN has competitive position, characterized by fast improvement. CONCLUSION: The analysis of position, occupied by NSAID TN in matrix, demonstrated that 8 TM of medicines are the leaders of the market. At the same time 51 medicines TN are outsiders. The results of research demonstrated that 59 NSAID TN are characterized with worsening and fast worsening competitive positions.

Theoretical and applied bases for optimization of pharmaceutical enterprises advertising budget using economic and mathematical modelling

The effective managing needs making an especial decision in management. It is very important to optimize correctly marketing communications deposits of your own brands. One of the most popular marketing problem is to count properly the amount of investments, especially in advertisement. Aim. To make theoretical and applied justification and optimization of a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise’s investments in TV advertising of OTC medicines with the use of economic and mathematical modelling. Results. In the article we examine the essence and significance of advertising as an element of marketing communications in the activity of the subjects of the pharmaceutical market. There are also presented tendencies of advertising and communicative market of Ukraine and dynamics of volumes of investments of pharmaceutical enterprises in TV advertising of medicines. Main stages of the planning of the advertising campaign of a pharmaceutical company are offered. Methods and models of an advertising budget formation are systematized. We propose an economic and mathematical model, which allows to choose the optimal version of the advertising budget in order to maximize the revenue from the sale of medicines by a pharmaceutical company. Conclusions. This approach to optimizing an advertising budget can be implemented in practice by any pharmaceutical company for different elements of marketing communications used to promote medicines in the market.

Chinese manufacturing industry development strategy from the financial perspective

Purpose – Based on literature review, the purpose of this paper is to design a comprehensive evaluation system for pharmaceutical industry from the financial perspective, and then analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry according to the data of listed companies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry through building the grey dominance evaluation model including absolute degree of grey incidence model and relative degree of grey incidence model. Findings – Through the analysis of the grey dominance evaluation model, the authors find that four factors including total assets turnover, quick ratio, inventory turnover and current ratio can be grouped into first grade assessment indicator when evaluating the performance of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. These four indexes contain the concept of operational efficiency which shows that operation capability is the key to support the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, needing to be highly valued when organizations making business policy. When it comes to velocity of development, the contribution of R & D intensity is relatively small, which shows innovation ability of China’s pharmaceutical industry is still weak. Innovation is the lifeblood of enterprise development, needing to be improved to promote enterprise’s core competitiveness in the future development. Originality/value – This paper selects Y1-Y7 as the performance evaluation system of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, while X1-X15 as performance evaluation index system from the financial perspective, which indicated that the evaluation system is scientific and practical. The empirical result shows that the operation capability makes the largest contribution to the performance of China’s pharmaceutical industry, while R & D ability and the enterprise core competitive ability are weak.

Systemic mistakes in hand hygiene practice in Ukraine: detection, consequences and ways of elimination.

Aim: Every year, millions of people around the world suffer from different infectious diseases, considerable part of which are hospital-acquired infections. WHO considers hand hygiene as a priority measure aimed to reduce the level of infection. We evaluated various aspects related to the situational behavior and prioritization regarding hand hygiene measures among the healthcare workers of Ukraine.Method: Identification of system mistakes in hand hygiene was carried out first of all by direct and indirect observation of the activities of medical and pharmaceutical personnel in their everyday practice as well as during their participation in trainings on routine hand hygiene. Questionnaires also were used to estimate the level of hand hygiene compliance of participants of the study. During this period 112 training courses, 315 master-classes and presentations on proper hand hygiene were realized. The target audience included health care workers of medical centers, clinics, maternity hospitals, health care organizations and staff of pharmacies and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises in all regions of Ukraine. 638 respondents took part in anonymous survey on hand hygiene practice. Results: The most common mistakes were to regard hand washing and hand disinfection equally, to wash hands before doing a hand disinfection, to neglect the five moments for hand hygiene and to ignore hand hygiene before and after wearing protective gloves. Practitioners, medical attendants, pharmacy and pharmaceutical industry workers highlighted the need for practical and understandable instructions of various hand hygiene procedures, including the clarification of the possible technical mistakes. This became a ground for us to create individual master classes on hand hygiene for each cluster of healthcare workers.Conclusions: Changing hand hygiene behavior and attitude is possible by beginning to observe clinical practice and by involving healthcare workers in teaching and training.

Interoperative end-user process modelling for process collaborative manufacturing

As business environments change rapidly, the ability to quickly set up a collaborative automated business processes is desirable. Collaborative business processes are increasingly driven by business agility, adaptability and flexibility, particularly in a modern manufacturing enterprise environment. Traditionally, collaborative business processes are used among big organisations. Many of collaborative business process systems are designed for a long-term use with central control. It is a great challenge for enterprises to adapt processes to the today's business pace. Today's enterprise users demand many situational collaborative business process applications which handle business needs within a short period and which normally do not need to support too many users. The traditional centrally controlled systems are not designed for such situational applications. In this paper, we explore how business process mashups can be used for manufacturing enterprise collaboration. We highlight the modelling of end-users process collaboration from both a control flow and a data flow perspective. Based on our analyses, an end-user process modelling approach is proposed for process enterprise mashup applications. Our approach, illustrated by reference to an example pharmaceutical collaborative manufacturing case, will support collaboration among users with different levels of modelling skills and expertise in a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise environment.

Lifelong learning: practice and possibility in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry

Seeks to address issues associated with lifelong learning from the perspective of teaching and curriculum practice in the areas of mathematics and technology in an Australian pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise. Its aim is to reflect on research‐based innovative course delivery in the field specified to indicate possibilities in education for lifelong learning. Following discussion of lifelong learning, issues important to the industry will be outlined. A brief description is given of some nationally accredited curricular modules for operators in this industry. In particular, the mathematics modules were perceived by operators as discouraging and even threatening. However, it was, and is, possible to work around atomised modules such as these to operate more holistically to integrate workers’ breadth and depth of prior experience across a broadened view of curriculum in a manner that enhances rather than hinders lifelong learning.