Pharmaceutical Management System Research Articles

Investigation of the Service Status of Pharmacists under COVID-19: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the current status of pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacists in Yunnan province amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This is in line with the province’s pursuit of becoming a (health destination) and the development of a large-scale health industry. The findings may provide insights for enhancing the capacity building of pharmacists in medical institutions in Yunnan province.Material and Methods: A questionnaire titled (Improving the Capacity Building of Hospital Pharmacists under the Epidemic Situation) was designed and distributed to hospital pharmacists. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods.Results: A total of 50 hospital pharmacists participated in the survey. Approximately 80% of the respondents were employed in tertiary medical and health institutions, and 50% were primary pharmacists or primary drug pharmacists. A significant positive correlation was found between the satisfaction of current salary level, promotion mechanism satisfaction, status environment satisfaction, and status in the hospital (p-value<0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between salary satisfaction (p-value<0.01). The overall mean situation of hospital pharmacists’ perception of a (healthy living destination) was 3.70.Conclusion: The pharmaceutical service capacity building in Yunnan Province remains in a traditional mode, characterized by insufficient matching of professional pharmaceutical personnel, low overall satisfaction with the pharmaceutical service environment, low enthusiasm for pharmaceutical work, lack of relevant understanding, and imperfect policy support. Recommendations include improving the pharmaceutical management system, strengthening capacity building for pharmaceutical services, enhancing training and development of professional talents, establishing a medical insurance incentive mechanism, and reasonably reflecting the value of pharmaceutical services.

Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Farmasi Di Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit: Studi Teoritis

The hospital as a health service facility that carries out health efforts in an efficient and effective manner in healing and recovery efforts that are integrated with efforts to improve and prevent disease. In developing the hospital, it is also necessary to develop a management system service. One approach that can be taken to measure the success of an information system is to assess and develop pharmaceutical management. according to professional responsibilities. The purpose of this theoretical review is to find out how to develop a pharmaceutical management system in hospital health services. The method used is a theoretical review by analyzing and comparing existing theories. The results of this theoretical review are data processing, innovation, information and response from a management system. A pharmaceutical information system is an organized system for collecting, processing, reporting, and using information for decision making. Information is obtained from integrated collection of pharmaceutical documents or records and continuous development. It is also necessary to develop innovation and update a more modern pharmaceutical management system to simplify and streamline the healthcare system.

High prevalence of potential psychotropic drugs interactions among Brazilian dental patients.

To determine the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions involving psychotropics prescribed by dentists, and dispensed by the public healthcare system, as well as to describe the severity and level of evidence of those interactions in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We conducted data analysis from pharmaceutical claims in which dental patients received systemic psychotropics in 2017. Data from the Pharmaceutical Management System provided the drug dispensing history of the patients, allowing the identification of those on concomitant medication use. The outcome was the occurrence of potential drug-drug interactions, which were detected according to IBM Micromedex®. Independent variables were the patient's sex, age, and the number of drugs used. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS v. 26. Overall, 1480 individuals were prescribed psychotropic drugs. The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions was 24.8% (n=366). The total of 648 interactions was observed and, most of which were of major severity (n=438, 67.6%). Most interactions occurred in female individuals (n=235; 64.2%), with 46.0 (±17.3) years-old, concurrently taking 3.7 (±1.9) drugs. A substantial proportion of dental patients presented potential drug-drug interactions, mostly of major severity, which might be life-threatening.

Quality of Antimalarial Drugs in East Africa: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe use of poor quality drugs will have multiple consequences with an extended hazard of growing drug-resistant strains.PurposeThe review aimed to provide the quality status of antimalarial drugs in East Africa.Data SourcePubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from September 5 to September 12, 2021.Study SelectionThe review included articles available as original research targeted at evaluating the quality of antimalarial drugs. For inclusion, data on at least one of the following quality control parameters were required: packaging and labeling, hardness, friability, weight variation/uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution, and assay/percentage purity. Mendeley citation manager version 1.19.4 was used to avoid duplication and organize references, and titles and abstracts were primarily used for screening.Data ExtractionThe sample collection site, drug name, and the quality control parameters tested were retrieved from the selected studies.Data synthesis Totally, 300 antimalarial drug samples from Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania were included in this review. No antimalarial drug tested failed the identification and disintegration test. However, 15.93% (36/226), 5.00% (15/300), and 1.90% (3/158) of antimalarial samples failed the dissolution, assay and mass uniformity test, respectively. Moreover, amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine samples failed dissolution and assay tests. In addition, amodiaquine samples failed the mass uniformity test. However, artemether/lumefantrine and quinine passed all quality control parameters tested. Overall, 19.67% (59/300) of antimalarial drug samples did not meet at least one quality control parameter. And the higher faller rate was reported for sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine accounting for 52.86% (37/70).ConclusionsAn unneglected amount of antimalarial drug failed to meet at least one quality control parameter. Strengthening pharmaceutical management systems, including post-marketing surveillance, and providing the resources required for medication quality assurance, are recommended.

Rapid Application Development of Pharmaceutical Database System

This paper provides insight into the design and implementation of a pharmaceutical management system. The primary aim is to demonstrate the rapid development method in developing the important system with Python development tool mainly for the graphical user interfaces and database management. Today, there exists several kinds of pharmaceutical management system have been reported in the literature, but most contents were highly focused on the system functionality and usability studies. The literature that reports on rapid development tools for the system is found to be very limited. Today, with the critical needs of information technology to support fast and accurate data management, the development of information or management system by inexpert users has been an important issue to many organizations. Therefore, this paper presents the system from the aspects of database and usability design and the easy implementation tool for the case of developing a pharmaceutical management system. Usability testing is also provided to show the users evaluation on the system.

Impact and risk factors of non-adherence to 5-aminosalicylates in quiescent ulcerative colitis evaluated by an electronic management system.

To determine the impact of non-adherence to 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) on the risk of flares and to identify risk factors of non-adherence. Observational, cohort study of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in clinical remission at least 6months on 5-ASA monotherapy maintenance prescribed by an electronic management program. Adherence was considered when 80% of the prescribed 5-ASA had been dispensed at the pharmacy. The study analyzed the existence and degree of 5-ASA adherence, disease course, UC phenotypic expression, and 5-ASA dose and regimen, and consumption of non-UC chronic drugs during 2-year follow-up. The study included 274 patients, 49% males with a median age of 38 (27-49) years old. Overall, 41% of patients were non-adherent to 5-ASA. Risk of flares was reduced in the adherent group (36% vs 54%; OR = 0,484; p = 0,004), mainly the mild ones (26% vs 38%; OR = 0,559; p = 0,031). Non-adherence was associated with younger age at diagnosis (32 (26-45) vs 41.5 (21-50), p = 0.000) and no-consumption of other chronic treatments (1.1 vs 2.1; OR = 1709; p = 0,048). Non-adherence to 5-ASA evaluated by the pharmaceutical management system was at 41% with a higher risk of relapse. Younger patients and patients who do not receive non-UC chronic treatments showed lower adherence rate.

Online Pharmaceutical Management System

Pharmaceutical practices have evolved over time to become fully encompassed in all aspects of pharmacy itself. Such practices include: dispensing of drugs, consultation, drug regulation, and the sale of these drugs. The community pharmacies and hospital pharmacies have key roles to play in the pharmaceutical practices. For the community pharmacies in Sub- Saharan Africa, a strict approach to the sale and dispensation of drugs is not normally the case, due to the fact that laws governing pharmaceutical practices have not been fully enforced. On the part of the hospital pharmacies, there is a more controlled approach to the dispensing of drugs, as the prescriptions are readily available from the in-house doctors. There is a need for these practices to be fully enforced, and a management system introduced to the fray. With software such as the Online Pharmaceutical Management System, which provides a platform has been provided to help with drug regulation, as well as providing ease to all parties involved. The methodology used in the implementation of the software is the Incremental Model of System Development Life Cycle, which allows room for scalability as time goes on. Creating an Online Pharmaceutical Management System would help in pharmaceutical practices for all parties involved. It is eminent that the system provides a safe, secure and verified platform for all parties which help to bridge the communication gap and provide legitimate drugs. Therefore, if all recommendations are strictly adhered to, there will be strict monitoring and regulation of how drugs are circulated and a decrease in the spread of fake drugs.

Realities of paediatric pharmacotherapy in the developing world

Diseases causing high mortality in children under 5 years of age in resource limited settings (RLS) could be treated if children in these countries had access to existing medicines. It...

The pharmaceutical management system at Shade Tree Family Clinic: A medical student-run free clinic's experience

The Shade Tree Family Clinic (STFC) is a student-run free walk-in health clinic opened by Vanderbilt University medical students in October 2005 to address the acute and chronic health needs of the underinsured community in East Nashville. STFC founders decided that the clinic would provide complete medical care, including dispensing commonly prescribed medications at no charge to patients. After several months of managing the inventory in a log book, a medical student author created a Web-based pharmaceutical tracking system to manage the medication formulary. In the process, the authors found little literature available addressing the logistics of setting up an electronic pharmacy system. The system created uses the freely available RxNorm and US Department of Veterans Affairs National Drug File Reference Terminology databases for medication and classification data. Incorporation of these databases allows medical students to dispense and restock medications with ease. The system ensures accurate data entry, improves efficiency, and facilitates continuity of care at a clinic staffed by hundreds of different students and physicians. The STFC pharmaceutical tracking system has facilitated the acquisition and efficient management of medications and consequently has had a great impact on the success of STFC.

Antimalarial drug quality in Africa

There are several reports of sub-standard and counterfeit antimalarial drugs circulating in the markets of developing countries; we aimed to review the literature for the African continent. A search was conducted in PubMed in English using the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: 'Antimalarials/analysis'[MeSH] OR 'Antimalarials/standards'[MeSH] AND 'Africa'[MeSH]' to include articles published up to and including 26 February 2007. Data were augmented with reports on the quality of antimalarial drugs in Africa obtained from colleagues in the World Health Organization. We summarized the data under the following themes: content and dissolution; relative bioavailability of antimalarial products; antimalarial stability and shelf life; general tests on pharmaceutical dosage forms; and the presence of degradation or unidentifiable impurities in formulations. The search yielded 21 relevant peer-reviewed articles and three reports on the quality of antimalarial drugs in Africa. The literature was varied in the quality and breadth of data presented, with most bioavailability studies poorly designed and executed. The review highlights the common finding in drug quality studies that (i) most antimalarial products pass the basic tests for pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as the uniformity of weight for tablets, (ii) most antimalarial drugs pass the content test and (iii) in vitro product dissolution is the main problem area where most drugs fail to meet required pharmacopoeial specifications, especially with regard to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine products. In addition, there are worryingly high quality failure rates for artemisinin monotherapies such as dihydroartemisinin (DHA); for instance all five DHA sampled products in one study in Nairobi, Kenya, were reported to have failed the requisite tests. There is an urgent need to strengthen pharmaceutical management systems such as post-marketing surveillance and the broader health systems in Africa to ensure populations in the continent have access to antimalarial drugs that are safe, of the highest quality standards and that retain their integrity throughout the distribution chain through adequate enforcement of existing legislation and enactment of new ones if necessary, and provision of the necessary resources for drug quality assurance.

市中肺炎に対する薬学的管理手法の構築と臨床評価

We developed a pharmaceutical management system for community acquired pneumonia which uses a standard care plan and a worksheet based on pneumonia diagnosis, treatment and antibiotic use guidelines. The system was introduced in clinical practice and its effectiveness evaluated using the findings for twenty patients hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia at Toho University Medical Center Ohashi Hospital from January to December 2005. Written informed consent was obtained from all of them.There was an increase in the numbers of pharmaceutical problems noted and pharmacist interventions compared to before introducing the system and there was a significant increase in the frequency of providing pharmaceutical care. A particular finding was that monitoring a patient's subjective symptoms and clinical laboratory test results using the worksheet made it possible for pharmacists to switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics. This also enabled patients to learn how to use antibiotics properly. The increase in the frequency of pharmaceutical care provided also enabled the conditions of patients to be determined at an earlier stage and helped prevent adverse effects. Our pharmaceutical management system for community acquired pneumonia also allowed the selection criteria for antibiotics and the effects of treatment using them to be easily determined. The findings of this study suggest that our system would be a useful tool in promoting the proper use of antibiotics.

Establishment of Pharmaceutical Managements for Patient Care during Lung Cancer Chemotherapy and Its Quantitative Evaluation

Pharmacists should play an important role in controlling the pharmaceutical management of the patients. Although the quantitative evaluations of pharmaceutical management are required systematically, no guideline is presented for patient care during lung cancer chemotherapy. We established a complete pharmaceutical management system and evaluated the performance of the system. Patients admitted to Hokkaido Keiaikai Minami-ichijo Hospital for lung cancer chemotherapy treatment from 2003.5 to 2003.11 were enrolled in this study after signing formal written consents. The pharmaceutical management system that was established involves a unified system consisting of a standard care plan and worksheets by the Problem Oriented System (POS). The system can apply to inpatients for their comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceutical management. The incidence of pharmaceutical problems reported, pharmacist interventions to the physicians, and the bedside pharmaceutical management were increased significantly after applying the system. More than 98% acceptance of interventions by pharmacists to the physicians was indicated. A high rate of intervention for adverse drug reaction (ADR) was demonstrated, due to the information about patient conditions is essential in managing ADR. The total pharmaceutical management system established is expected to give quality improvements of pharmaceutical care along with its efficiency.