Pharmaceutical Entities Research Articles

The Alzheimer's Knowledge Base: A Knowledge Graph for Alzheimer Disease Research.

As global populations age and become susceptible to neurodegenerative illnesses, new therapies for Alzheimer disease (AD) are urgently needed. Existing data resources for drug discovery and repurposing fail to capture relationships central to the disease's etiology and response to drugs. We designed the Alzheimer's Knowledge Base (AlzKB) to alleviate this need by providing a comprehensive knowledge representation of AD etiology and candidate therapeutics. We designed the AlzKB as a large, heterogeneous graph knowledge base assembled using 22 diverse external data sources describing biological and pharmaceutical entities at different levels of organization (eg, chemicals, genes, anatomy, and diseases). AlzKB uses a Web Ontology Language 2 ontology to enforce semantic consistency and allow for ontological inference. We provide a public version of AlzKB and allow users to run and modify local versions of the knowledge base. AlzKB is freely available on the web and currently contains 118,902 entities with 1,309,527 relationships between those entities. To demonstrate its value, we used graph data science and machine learning to (1) propose new therapeutic targets based on similarities of AD to Parkinson disease and (2) repurpose existing drugs that may treat AD. For each use case, AlzKB recovers known therapeutic associations while proposing biologically plausible new ones. AlzKB is a new, publicly available knowledge resource that enables researchers to discover complex translational associations for AD drug discovery. Through 2 use cases, we show that it is a valuable tool for proposing novel therapeutic hypotheses based on public biomedical knowledge.

Bioactivities and Action Mechanisms of Ellipticine Derivatives Reported Prior to 2023.

Currently, natural products are one of the priceless options for finding novel chemical pharmaceutical entities. Ellipticine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Ochrosia elliptica Labill. Ellipticine and its derivatives are characterized by multiple biological activities. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical and systematic assessment of ellipticine and its derivatives as bioactive molecules over the last 60 years. Publications focused mainly on the total synthesis of alkaloids of this type without any evaluation of bioactivity have been excluded. We have reviewed papers dealing with the synthesis, bioactivity evaluation and mechanism of action of ellipticine and its derivatives. It was found that ellipticine and its derivatives showed cytotoxicity, antimicrobial ability, and anti-inflammatory activity, among which cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines was the most investigated aspect. The inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II was the most relevant mechanism for cytotoxicity. The PI3K/AKT pathway, p53 pathway, and MAPK pathway were also closely related to the antiproliferative ability of these compounds. In addition, the structure-activity relationship was deduced, and future prospects were outlined. We are confident that these findings will lay a scientific foundation for ellipticine-based drug development, especially for anticancer agents.

Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics represents a cutting-edge fusion of pharmacology, the intricate science of drugs, and genomics, the study of genes. This innovative discipline aims to craft personalized and secure medications, custom-tailored to an individual's unique genetic composition. Within the context of the burgeoning paradigm of personalized medicine (PM), the application of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) assumes an escalating significance. In the realm of clinical trials, the incorporation of PGx represents an adjunctive tool meriting consideration, fostering an enhanced comprehension of the efficacy and safety profiles of novel pharmaceutical entities. Foreseeing the near future, pharmacogenomics holds the promise of facilitating the formulation of tailor-made therapeutics to address pervasive health challenges such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, HIV, cancer, asthma, and other conditions. This review article covers the overall Pharmacogenomics.

A quinine-squaramide catalyzed enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction between benzothiazolimines and γ-butenolides for efficient preparation of chiral N-benzothiazole butyrolactones.

A highly effective and enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction between benzothiazolimines and γ-butenolides catalyzed by a quinine based squaramide has been disclosed. A series of chiral benzothiazole amines containing a γ,γ-disubstituted butanolide scaffold bearing an adjacent chiral stereocenter have been successfully obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 91%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) and diastereoselectivities (>20 : 1 dr) with broad substrate generality under mild conditions. The new scaffold integrated with both chiral benzothiazolimine and γ-butenolide moieties may provide a possibility for the development of new pharmaceutical entities.

Characteristics of Top-Searched Individuals in Japan's Yen for Docs Conflicts of Interest Database During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose Transparency in healthcare has led to increased public disclosure of doctors' conflicts of interest, with the "Yen for Docs Database" in Japan emerging as a pivotal source. Nevertheless, there remains ambiguity regarding the backgrounds and influence of highly-searched persons, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study was to examine if the database was utilized for its intended purpose in 2021, a year marked by the introduction of vaccines and treatments, the addition of new COVID-19-related data, and the frequent appearances of expert statements in various media outlets. Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis on the 10 most frequently searched individuals in the "Yen for Docs Database" between August 27 and September 23, 2021, and determined the amount of money they received from pharmaceutical companies and other organizations over the four-year period between 2016 and 2019. To characterize frequently searched individuals' academic profiles and appearances in the mass media, we identified their h-index and affiliation, their activity on Twitter, and the number of TV appearances. Results There were 72,904 searches during the study period, with the top person accounting for 4,905 of those searches. All top 10 were male, mostly affiliated with universities and specialists in infectious diseases or related fields. Their median number of COVID-19 articles was five, and the median h-index was 34. Four of these top 10 had Twitter accounts, with followers ranging from 12,000 to 195,000. The median amount received from pharmaceutical entities over four years was $154,930, ranging from $809 to $705,502. Conclusions In the Yen for Docs Database, a significant portion of searches during the COVID-19 pandemic was concentrated on a selected group of healthcare professionals with considerable payments over the years, and they exhibited prominent academic and media profiles. These observations highlight the need for more transparent conflicts of interest disclosure among physicians with public visibility.

The Synergistic Potential of Combining PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with NOD2 Agonists in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Our research over the past decade has compellingly demonstrated the potential of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) receptor agonists in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. These agonists facilitate the conversation of pro-inflammatory monocytes into patrolling monocytes, leading to the efficient clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the AD-affected cerebrovascular system. This approach surpasses the efficacy of targeting Aβ formation, marking a significant shift in therapeutic strategies. Simultaneously, inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 immune check point or glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), which modulates PD-1, have emerged as potent AD treatment modalities. PD-1 inhibitor exhibits a profound potential in monocytes' recruitment to the AD-afflicted brain. Recent evidence suggests that an integrated approach, combining the modulation of NOD2 and PD-1, could yield superior outcomes. This innovative combinatorial therapeutic approach leverages the potential of MDP to act as a catalyst for the conversion of inflammatory monocytes into patrolling monocytes, with the subsequent recruitment of these patrolling monocytes into the brain being stimulated by the PD-1 inhibitor. These therapeutic interventions are currently under preclinical investigation by pharmaceutical entities, underscoring the promise they hold. This research advocates for the modulation, rather than suppression, of the innate immune system as a promising pharmacological strategy in AD.

Reliability of audiovisual information on lung cancer from cancer organizations.

11020 Background: In the US, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and second most common cancer. YouTube (YT), a social media platform with billions of users, can improve knowledge but also disseminate inaccurate information. Research has shown YT plays a key role in public health. This study assesses the reliability of YT videos about lung cancer using its own algorithm compared to videos from three cancer organizations. Methods: We searched “lung cancer” on YT and selected 8 videos with the most views. Then, “lung” was searched from YT profiles of American Cancer Society (ACS), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Criteria required videos to be less than 10 minutes and have “lung” in the description. Videos were excluded if not in English, older than 15 years, patient stories, or sponsored by pharmaceutical entities. The videos were graded by 3 independent medicine residents using the validated methods of Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool Understandability and Actionability (PU and PA) and Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring. Higher percentages of PU and PA represented more understandable and actionable material. Higher JAMA score (up to 4) indicated better quality of information. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were done. Results: A total of 36 videos were identified. PU mean was 74.2% (SD 21.4) in YT compared to 62.4% (SD 15.2), 53.1% (SD 28), and 58.8% (SD 13.9) for ACS, NCI, and NCCN respectively. PA mean was 46.6% (SD 46.8) for YT compared to 12.9% (SD 31.7), 38.9% (SD 53.6), and 8.2% (SD 21.2) for ACS, NCI, and NCCN respectively. A statistically significant higher median actionability score can be seen in YT. The JAMA average was 1.9 (SD 0.2) for YT compared to 2.1 (SD 0.1), 2.3 (SD 0.6), and 2.0 (SD 0) for ACS, NCI, and NCCN respectively. While a statistically significantly higher median JAMA score is seen in NCI videos, no meaningful difference can be extrapolated given all average scores of roughly 2. Conclusions: YT produced videos of higher understandability and actionability compared to videos from cancer organizations. As patients continue to rely on social media for information, trusted cancer sources should develop more reliable material for improved patient education. Comparison of scores from averages of 3 reviewers. [Table: see text]

Pharmaceutical Companies in the Light of the Idea of Sustainable Development—An Analysis of Selected Aspects of Sustainable Management

The strategy of creating value and increasing the competitiveness of economic entities under the idea of sustainable development entails the need to provide access to up-to-date knowledge, which is to strengthen the decision-making basis and increase the level of properties of economic decisions. This argument strengthens the legitimacy of undertaking a research problem, oriented towards an overview of contemporary business challenges in the light of sustainable development, to assess the direction of activities undertaken by enterprises in the economic and socio-environmental sphere in connection with their activities. The need to undertake sustainable activities—with an emphasis on the environmental aspect—is particularly relevant to the pharmaceutical industry, which, in implementing activities oriented towards the protection of human health and life in connection with drug production, treats the issue of concern for the health of the planet as an extremely important challenge. The literature on the subject generally and insufficiently discusses sustainability issues for companies operating in this industry. Recognising the pharmaceutical sector as an area of economy of key importance in the socio-economic dimension at the level of national economies and at the international level, it became reasonable to scientifically identify the indicated issues in relation to pharmaceutical industry enterprises, with particular emphasis on entities operating in Poland. Hence, the main aim of the study, in response to the diagnosed gap, was to assess the directions of improvement of business models of Polish pharmaceutical enterprises, with consideration given to determinants of sustainable development. This study draws attention to the significance of practical choices of pharmaceutical entities—determined by their activity strategy, on sustainable development, as well as the impact of performance on the practice of sustainable development in the light of the assessment of the companies’ managerial effectiveness, demonstrating their significant importance. The realisation of the objective was based on a thorough review of the literature on the topic explored, as well as on the results of a diagnostic survey conducted among Polish pharmaceutical companies. An in-depth analysis of the findings in the area explored was conducted using statistical testing, including statistical ordering of variables, variable correlation matrix, logistic regression, odds ratio, and PQstat software. The main conclusion of the study is the finding that the business models of Polish pharmaceutical enterprises are continuously improving towards increasing the level of sustainable development, and the main determinant for the realisation of the above is the development of innovation, strongly correlated with the category of particularly good results on operations, constituting their managerial effectiveness.

A Review on Immediate Release Drug Delivery System

Among the dosage forms, tablets are the most popular dosage form today due to their convenience, compactness and ease of preparation; Immediate effect is required in many cases compared conventional therapy. So much so that to overcome these drawbacks, the immediate release ganic form has positioned itself as an alternative to the oral ganic form immediate-release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with an increased dissolution rate. The basic method used in tablet development is the use of super dissolves such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidonecrospovidone (Polyplasdone),sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), carboxymethyl cellulose (Croscarmellose), etc.These super disintegrators allow the tablet to disintegrate immediately after administration in the stomach. In this area, immediate-release liquid dosage forms of and parenteral dosage forms have also been introduced to treat patients. In liquid dosage form, can be a suspension with typical dispersants such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,AOT (dioctylsulfosuccinate), etc. cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, antihistamines and other drugs can be considered as candidates for this dosage form. When a pharmaceutical entity is nearing the end of its patent term, it is common for pharmaceutical manufacturers to develop a certain pharmaceutical entity in a new and improved dosage form. The new dosage form allows the manufacturer to exclusively expand the market of the, while providing its patients with a more convenient dosage form or regimen.

A copper catalyzed Doyle–Kirmse reaction for the concise and effective preparation of multifunctional 3-allyl-3-(thio) succinimides

A highly efficient Doyle–Kirmse reaction between alpha-arylidene diazosuccinimides and allyl thioethers in the presence of a cheaply and easily available copper catalyst for the concise and effective preparation of multifunctional 3-allyl-3-(thio) succinimides and 3-allenyl-3-(thio) succinimides in excellent yields (up to 90%) under mild conditions within a few hours has been developed. The target multifunctional succinimides may boast potential biological activities for the succinimide scaffold, and may be also used as potential new organic synthon for the preparations of new chemical and pharmaceutical entities or sulfoxide-olefin ligands. Afurther successful scale-uppreparationhas demonstrated the feasibility of the Doyle–Kirmse rearrangement and our new protocol.

Validation of a novel testing machine for the investigation of the biomechanical properties of lumbar vertebrae in an osteoporotic rat model

BackgroundFor the investigation of the biomechanical properties of bone, various testing devices have been described. However, only a limited number have been developed to test the vertebral body of small animals. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new bone testing device, which investigates the different biomechanical properties in small-animal vertebrae as a whole, three-dimensional unit, respecting its anatomical structure.MethodsThirty-five twelve-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were utilized. Group 1 was composed of 17 rats with a normal bone metabolism without osteoporosis, while Group 2 consisted of 18 rats with manifest osteoporosis, 8 weeks after ovariectomy. The 5th lumbar vertebra of each animal was tested using the new bone testing device. This device has the ability to be adjusted to the slanted nature of each individual vertebral body and fix the vertebra in a natural position to allow for a non-dislocating axial force application. The device is designed to respect the anatomical three-dimensional shape of the vertebral body, thus avoiding the application of non-anatomic, non-physiological forces and thus preventing a distortion of the biomechanical testing results. The parameters investigated were stiffness, yield load, maximum load and failure load, and the results were compared to current literature values.ResultsThe conduction of the biomechanical bone testing of the vertebral bodies with the new device was conductible without any instances of dislocation of the vertebrae or machine malfunctions. Significant differences were found for stiffness, maximum load and failure load between groups, with a lower value in the osteoporotic rats in each parameter tested. The yield load was also lower in the osteoporotic group, however not significantly. The values achieved correlate with those in current literature.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the newly developed testing machine is easy to handle and produces valid data sets for testing biomechanical bone parameters of whole vertebral bodies in an established small animal model. Therefore, it can be utilized, also as reference data, to test different structural properties and changes in vertebral bone, for example, in different metabolic settings or under the influence of different pharmaceutical entities in further studies.

Drug Shortage Concepts among Stakeholders in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The SFDA internal records showed that several pharmaceutical entities (National Unified Procurement Company (NUPCO) and Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) are overlapping in their tasks within the system of drug availability in the Saudi market. This may have led to difficulties in terms of contacting which entity when drug shortages occur. This study aimed to identify stakeholders’ understanding of drug shortage, the internal process of reporting a drug shortage to the SFDA, and to evaluate the clarity of the communication channels and the stakeholder’s satisfaction regarding drug shortage reporting system at SFDA. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2020 and August 2021. The study consisted of three separate surveys targeting the main stakeholders including healthcare institution (hospitals and pharmacies), NUPCO, and registered pharmaceutical companies/storage) with a response rate of (68.07%). The survey consists of three main parts: knowledge, practice, and perception of drug shortage reporting system at SFDA. Results: Healthcare institution defined drug shortages as unavailability of the product after confirmation of unavailability by the agent by 65.3% and low stock generic product by 44.9%. Nonetheless, 67.3% of healthcare institutions planned for inventory stock based on several factors such as the need of the stock/product and consumption of the products per different periods. Moreover, NUPCO identified the drug shortages by two factors when the stock of brand drug is zero and after pharmaceutical companies confirm the unavailability of the product. Additionally, all of the stakeholders were aware of SFDA communication channels for drug shortages. Conclusion: Based on our results, the internal workflow of stakeholders on the issue of drug shortages was reviewed and most responses provided a general overview of the internal processes for handling drug shortages, reporting steps, and submitting drug shortage reports. Nonetheless, when it comes to choosing the right provider for a healthcare facility, price and delivery time are major factors that influence their decision. In addition, it is recommended that further investigation of internal workflows be conducted to measure aspects that may affect the clarity and quality of services provided by the SFDA.

A simple and universal headspace GC-FID method for accurate quantitation of volatile amines in pharmaceuticals.

Volatile amines are reagents commonly used in pharmaceutical manufacturing of intermediates, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and drug products as participating regents for chemical reactions and optimization of product yield. Due to their compound specific daily allowable intake, residual volatile amines are required by regulatory agencies to be monitored and controlled in pharmaceutical products intended for human consumption. However, the accurate quantification of residual volatile amines in pharmaceutical entities can often be challenging as these analytes may chemically react and/or interact with the sample matrix. Herein, we describe a simple and universal headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC-FID) method capable of separating 14 commonly used volatile amines. The chemical activity of the volatile amines with the API matrix were mitigated by using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as an additive to reduce matrix effects in conventional high-boiling diluents. The addition of DBU drastically improved the detectability and method accuracy of the residual volatile amines in an acidic API, namely, Ketoprofen®. Additionally, DBU was employed as a GC deactivation reagent to ensure interfacial adsorption of the analytes to GC components were reduced, thereby improving method precision. Method validation showed acceptable linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, solution stability, precision, and robustness. Separation specificity, evaluated by observing the chromatographic resolution of the volatile amines with one-another and against a set of 23 common residual solvents, were shown to be acceptable for most peak pairs.

Dietary Supplements Questioned in the Polish Notification Procedure upon the Basis of Data from the National Register of Functional Foods and the European System of the RASFF

Dietary supplements (DS) in the countries of the European Union falls within the scope of the food law. DS may, however, contain substances that are simultaneously applied in medicinal products as defined in the pharmaceutical law. The presence of such ingredients may cause problems with the product qualification. The phenomenon of applying such borderline ingredients in dietary supplements may require additional regulations, and ensuring them may be problematic. We conducted an analysis aiming to identify dishonest market practices resorted to by the producers and distributors of non-conforming dietary supplements. We examined mostly questioned DS and compared them with data from the RASFF system and registers of medicinal substances and pharmaceutical entities. The results show that some operators tend to re-notify the same products in response to the initiation of official control procedures. Products in the form of capsules or powders were the most common re-notifications within the 50–100 days. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that some entities are obliged to document the safety of the product or its compliance with the regulations, use the imperfection of the notification procedure, and re-notify the questioned product in order to keep it on the market despite potential non-compliance.

The study of modern trends in the development of digital logistics in the pharmaceutical industry

Aim. To analyze the current trends in the field of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and identify factors that hinder the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical market entities.
 Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature, an expert survey of managers and employees of pharmaceutical companies was conducted. The research methods were abstract-logical, monographic, system and content analysis, expert survey.
 Results. The relevance of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic has been substantiated. A review of the practice of implementing digital technologies in the activities of domestic pharmaceutical companies has been conducted. According to the expert survey, the problems of introducing digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical companies from the point of view of managers and the staff have been identified. The reasons that hinder the process of introducing modern digital technologies into the activities of the domestic pharmaceutical sector in the field of healthcare have been determined.
 Conclusions. The use of digital technologies is a necessary element of restructuring the information and logistics support for all participants in pharmaceutical supply chains, improving the reliability and quality of their activities and protecting the chains from counterfeit products. This problem is especially relevant in a pandemic when a well-organized and uninterrupted pharmaceutical logistics becomes in many cases an important condition for preserving not only health, but also human life. Therefore, today it is necessary to implement a comprehensive system of measures aimed at increasing the level of digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains, as well as improving the reliability and continuity of drug supply to the population of Ukraine.

A scientific and theoretical approach to the development of the process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy

Aim. To systematize and substantiate the expediency of using personified marketing communications in pharmacy based on a scientific and methodological approach and develop a process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy, which will be useful to pharmaceutical market entities in order to provide the effectiveness of pharmaceutical promotion and interaction with a potential target audience.
 Materials and methods. To implement the objectives, the methods of content analysis, structural and system analysis, sociological and marketing research, comparative analysis, grouping, and graphical method were used.
 Results. The expediency of using personified marketing communications in the system of promoting drugs to the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market has been systematized and substantiated, taking into account the foreign experience. The rating of the activity of using personified marketing communications in Ukraine and abroad has been made and compared; the prospects and advantages of their implementation at the Ukrainian market have been identified. A process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy has been developed and proposed.
 Conclusions. Personified marketing communications provide that the subjects of the pharmaceutical market concentrate their communicative efforts on the target audience; this further gives them the opportunity to save money and minimize unnecessary investment in the promotion of drugs. The proposed process model of management of personified marketing communications in pharmacy will contribute to improving the quality of pharmaceutical care to the country’s population.

Four in one-Combination therapy using live Lactococcus lactis expressing three therapeutic proteins for the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major concerns for health care systems, affecting 382 million people worldwide. Among the different complications of diabetes, lower limbs chronic ulceration is a common, severe and costly cause of morbidity. Diabetic foot ulcers are a leading cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients and its rate exceed the ones of congestive heart failure, depression or renal disease. Diabetic non-healing ulcers account for more than 60% of all non-traumatic lower limb amputations and the five-year mortality after amputation is higher than 50%, being equal to several types of advanced cancer. The primary management goals for an existing diabetic foot ulcer are to achieve primary healing as expeditiously as possible and to achieve a reduction of the amputation rate in the patients. Unfortunately, approximately a quarter of patients do not partially or fully respond to the standard of care. Advanced therapies for chronic wounds are existing, however, recent guidelines including the latest reviews and meta-analyses of the scientific and clinical evidence available from current treatment strategies and new therapeutic agents revealed that there is a lack of clinical data and persistent gap of evidence for many of the advanced therapeutic approaches. In addition, no pharmacological wound healing product has gained authority approval for more than 10 years in both US and EU, constituting a highly unmet medical need. In this publication we present data from a live biopharmaceutical product AUP1602-C designed as a single pharmaceutical entity based on the non-pathogenic, food-grade lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris that has been genetically engineered to produce human fibroblast growth factor 2,interleukin4 and colony stimulating factor 1. Designed to address different aspects of wound healing (i.e. fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and immune cell activation) and currently in phase I clinical study, we show how the combination of the individual components on the wound micro-environment initiates and improves the wound healing in chronic wounds.

CSR Sebagai Moderasi Hubungan GCG Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Farmasi Tahun 2018-2020

This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence on whether CSR moderates the relationship between Good Corporate Governance behavior and the increase in corporate value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the IDX in 2018-2020. Research related to CSR as a moderation in the relationship between GCG and corporate value in pharmaceutical companies is difficult to find so this research was chosen to be conducted, considering that the performance of pharmaceutical companies is increasing due to the covid-19 pandemic.. This research method is included in quantitative descriptive research that uses purposive sampling techniques and found 4 pharmaceutical companies with a sample of 48 obtained from the company's quarter report. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of the study found that GCG affects the value of the company while CSR as moderation has no effect on the value of the company. Conclusions in the research are obtained if GCG is done to minimize conflicts between interested parties in the entity, while CSR practices are the obligations of each entity, so that pharmaceutical entities must have disclosed CSR well following the provisions of the legislation without the need to be monitored by investors

Management of the Pharmaceutical Entity's Resources in the Conditions of the Sanitary Crisis of COVID-19

Management of the Pharmaceutical Entity's Resources in the Conditions of the Sanitary Crisis of COVID-19

Analisis Rasio Keuangan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Farmasi

The research has the objective of analyzing financial ratios to stock prices of pharmaceutical sector companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Accumulated buy events often occur in pharmaceutical company shares, but the issuer's share price remains stagnant. Where shares are bought by many investors, but the price is still maintained. This research was conducted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange of pharmaceutical entities on the IDX. The population in this research is the financial statements of pharmaceutical entities on the IDX for the period 2016-2020 and that meet the sample criteria, there are 10 companies. This research applies financial ratios including the current ratio, debt to equity ratio. The method applied is a multiple regression linear analysis model. The findings of the F test simultaneously current ratio and debt equity ratio have a significant effect on stock prices. The findings of the current ratio t test have a significant impact on stock prices. debt equity ratio has no significant effect on stock prices. Based on the value of R Square 0.180. This figure is 18% of the percentage of variables studied in this research, the remaining 82% is due to other factors that have not been discussed in the research