Pharmaceutical Cosmetics Research Articles

Antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds in through the distillation of Lonicera japonica & Chenpi extract and anti-inflammation on skin keratinocyte

The phenolic compounds in Lonicera japonica & Chenpi distillation extract (LCDE) were thoroughly examined for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phenolic compounds in LCDE were analyzed for five peaks using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and determined. Five phenolic compounds were identified from the samples and MS data. Ultrafiltration with LC analysis was used to investigate the ability of bioactive compounds to target DPPH. As a result, it was confirmed that the major compounds exhibited a high binding affinity to DPPH and could be regarded as antioxidant-active compounds. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of LCDE was confirmed in vitro, and signal inhibition of anti-inflammation cytokines, MAPK and NF-kB pathways was confirmed. Finally, Molecular docking analysis supplements the anti-inflammatory effect through the binding affinity of selected compounds and inflammatory factors. In conclusion, the phenolic compounds of the LCDE were identified and potential active compounds for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were identified. Additionally, this study will be utilized to provide basic information for the application of LCDE in the pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical cosmetics industries along with information on efficient screening techniques for other medicinal plants.

Proteomic Identification and Characterization of Collagen from Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus) Hoof.

With the development of camel-derived food and pharmaceutical cosmetics, camel hoof, as a unique by-product of the camel industry, has gradually attracted the attention of scientific researchers in the fields of nutrition, health care, and biomaterial development. In this study, the protein composition and collagen type of Bactrian camel hoof collagen extract (CHC) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and the functional properties of CHC were further investigated, including its rheological characteristics, emulsification and emulsion stability, and hygroscopicity and humectancy. Proteomic identification confirmed that CHC had 13 collagen subunits, dominated by type I collagen (α1, α2), with molecular weights mainly in the 100-200 KDa range and a pI of 7.48. An amino acid study of CHC revealed that it carried the standard amino acid profile of type I collagen and was abundant in Gly, Pro, Glu, Ala, and Arg. Additionally, studies using circular dichroism spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that CHC contains a collagen-like triple helix structure that is stable and intact. Different concentrations of CHC solutions showed shear-thinning flow behavior. Its tan δ did not differ much with increasing concentration. The CHC has good emulsifying ability and stability, humectancy, and hygroscopicity. This study provides a basis for utilizing and developing Bactrian camel hoof collagen as a functional ingredient.

Actinidia arguta (Baby Kiwi) Waste: Preliminary Considerations on Seed Recovery

Fruit seed oils are of new interest due to their significant properties and can be a good opportunity to recover fruit waste. Actinidia arguta (baby kiwi) fruits are a novelty in the market and berries can be consumed with the peels. Due to their limited shelf life, fruits are very perishable and the waste management techniques used post-harvest are an important issue. Berry waste can be reused, for biological flows focused on food losses and waste reduction. Therefore, baby kiwi fruit samples were collected from the Ortofruititalia company orchards in Cuneo, Italy, and then processed and analysed for seed oil constituents using standard analytical methods. The results of this study indicate that unsaturated fatty acids were the most dominant fatty acids (92.6 g/100 g) in comparison with saturated (7.4 g/100 g). In addition, α-linoleic acid (82.7 g/100 g) was the most dominant unsaturated fatty acid. Additionally, γ-Tocopherol (0.023 g/100 g) was the most dominant tocopherol in this study. Extraction of seed oil from these berries could be proposed as an option for obtaining high-added-value oils for pharmaceutical cosmetics, among other uses.

Construction of an l-cysteine hyper-producing strain of Escherichia coli based on a balanced carbon and sulfur module strategy

l-cysteine is an important sulfur-containing α-amino acid. It exhibits multiple physiological functions with diverse applications in pharmaceutical cosmetics and food industry. Here, a strategy of coordinated gene expression between carbon and sulfur modules in Escherichia coli was proposed and conducted for the production of l-cysteine. Initially, the titer of l-cysteine was improved to (0.38±0.02) g/L from zero by enhancing the biosynthesis of l-serine module (serAf, serB and serCCg) and overexpression of CysB. Then, promotion of l-cysteine transporter, increased assimilation of sulfur, reduction or deletion of l-cysteine and l-serine degradation pathway and enhanced expression of cysEf (encoding serine acetyltransferase) and cysBSt (encoding transcriptional dual regulator CysB) were achieved, resulting in an improved l-cysteine titer (3.82±0.01) g/L. Subsequently, expressions of cysM, nrdH, cysK and cysIJ genes that were involved in sulfur module were regulated synergistically with carbon module combined with utilization of sulfate and thiosulfate, resulting in a strain producing (4.17±0.07) g/L l-cysteine in flask shake and (11.94±0.1) g/L l-cysteine in 2 L bioreactor. Our results indicated that efficient biosynthesis of l-cysteine could be achieved by a proportional supply of sulfur and carbon in vivo. This study would facilitate the commercial bioproduction of l-cysteine.

Timeline of the Development of Skin-Lightening Active Ingredients in Japan.

Japanese pharmaceutical cosmetics, often referred to as quasi-drugs, contain skin-lightening active ingredients formulated to prevent sun-induced pigment spots and freckles. Their mechanisms of action include suppressing melanin production in melanocytes and promoting epidermal growth to eliminate melanin more rapidly. For example, arbutin and rucinol are representative skin-lightening active ingredients that inhibit melanin production, and disodium adenosine monophosphate and dexpanthenol are skin-lightening active ingredients that inhibit melanin accumulation in the epidermis. In contrast, oral administration of vitamin C and tranexamic acid in pharmaceutical products can lighten freckles and melasma, and these products are more effective than quasi-drugs. On the basis of their clinical effectiveness, skin-lightening active ingredients can be divided into four categories according to their effectiveness and adverse effects. This review discusses academic research and development regarding skin-lightening ingredients in Japan.

POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF ALPHA AND BETA HYDROXY ACIDS IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS: A REVIEW

Hydroxy acids have a significant role in various therapeutic circumstances, most notably in the cosmetics business. Despite its importance in treating acne, scars, pigmentation, skin dryness, and wrinkles, among other skin disorders, AHAs and BHAs have substantial side effect s, such as increased photosensitivity. In today's market, these products are becoming increasingly popular due to the promise of quick whitening benefits, which causes worry in the pharmaceutical cosmetics business. As a result, this analysis intends to provide a larger perspecti ve on the AHA-BHA, its current state within the healthcare sector, various linked cosmetics goods with FDA warnings, and related themes from the past to the present. The review resurrects founded papers in order to better comprehend the condition of AHA-BHA, acknowledge its subsisting role in the pharmaceutical industry, and comprehend the potential toxicity brought by AHA-BHA in order to pique readers' interest in using cosmetic products containing AHA-BHA with caution.

Temperature and Concentration Dependent Viscosity of Microcrystalline Cellulose in Water

The viscosity of cellulose behaves differently and uniquely in various conditions. In this paper, we aim to report the viscosity measurement and related properties of low concentration of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in water using a magnetic bearing rheometer. Dynamic viscosities for MCC diluted in water at varying concentrations were measured using the standard rheometry technique. The viscosity of the MCC solution was found highly dependent on its concentration and the experiment temperature. This varieties behaviour and properties offers benefits to the current growing rapidly technology applications such as in food, pharmaceutical cosmetics and textile.

Challenges of HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Assay of Bemotrizinol from Complex Matrix in Cosmeceutical Preparation

A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the assay of bemotrizinol (Tinosorb-S) from the complex pharmaceutical cosmetics matrix. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed mobile phase used in this method is very simple and excluding buffer. The use of buffer reducing column longevity and also a time-consuming process which increases the cost of analysis. To overcome all the referred problems, the present article was developed and validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The reverse-phase chromatography was performed on Shimadzu model no. SPD-M10A VP with LC solution software, μBondapack (3.9 × 300 mm, 10-micron particle size) column with methanol (100%) as mobile phase at a flow rate 2.5 mL per minutes and UV detection at 254 nm. The retention time of bemotrizinol was found in 17.599 minutes, and the linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range 70 to 130 μg/mL. The value of the correlation coefficient, slope, and intercept were 0.996, 7,715, and 15,320, respectively. The limit of quantification (LoQ) and limit of detection (LoD) were found to be 1.32 and 0.44, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra-day sample A 1.0858, sample B 0.8859, and inter-day sample A 0.9921, sample B 0.967 which were found to be lesser than 2%. The developed method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness, and the method was found to be simple, cost-effective, precise, accurate, linear, and specific for the successful identification and determination of bemotrizinol in pharmaceutical cosmetic preparation.

Chemical Profiling and Discrimination of Essential Oils from Six Ferula Species Using GC Analyses Coupled with Chemometrics and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Potential.

The differences in the composition of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of six Ferula species viz., F. caratavica (Fc), F. kuchistanica (Fk), F. pseudoreoselinum (Fp), F. samarcandica (Fs), F. tenuisecta (Ft) and F. varia (Fv) were detected both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively using GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. One hundred and six metabolites were identified that account for 92.1, 96.43, 87.43, 95.95, 92.90 and 89.48% of Fc, Fk, Fp, Fs, Ft and Fv whole essential oils, respectively. The data from the GC-MS analyses were subjected to unsupervised pattern recognition chemometric analysis utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) to improve the visualization of such differences among the six species. Fk and Ft are very closely related to each other and were gathered together in one cluster. The antioxidant potential was assessed in vitro using different assays including 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum (PM) assays. Ft and Fp exhibited the most notable antioxidant properties as evidenced by their pronounced activities in most of the antioxidant assays performed, followed by Fc. Fk showed the most effective tyrosinase inhibitory potential, which was estimated as 119.67 mgKAE/g oil, while Fp exhibited the most potent α-amylase inhibitory potential, which was equivalent to 2.61 mmol ACAE/g oil. Thus, it was concluded that Ferula species could serve as a promising natural antioxidant drug that could be included in different products and spices to alleviate hyperglycemia and used as a natural ingredient in pharmaceutical cosmetics to counteract hyperpigmentation.

Methanol Extraction of Microbial Pigments For Polyester Fabric

Micrococcus Luteus is a bacterium that is Gram-positive. Bacteria with thicker cell walls are said to be grampositive bacteria, and it is said that thinner cell walls are gram-negative bacteria. In the natural flora of the mammalian body, micrococcus luteus is present in soil, dust, water and air. In the human mouth, mucosa, osopharynx, and upper airways, it is also present. In these two colonies, there are bright yellow pigments in the agar plate. Carotenoid containing a bright yellow color in the primary. M.luteus pigment with the highest variety of properties for anticarcinogenic and immune modulation. Anti-carcinogenic (an agent that destroys or prevents cancer cells).The yellow pigment has shown promising activity as antioxidant, antibacterial and UV-protective. Results that clearly indicate the potential application of these pigments after clinical trials as natural coloring agents and UV protection agents in food and pharmaceutical cosmetics in dustries. M.luteus has been shown to have activity. The strain was made of the coarse pigment. The dye absorbs Ultraviolet radiation and is used in cosmetics with sunscreen. It is a type of vitamin that is used in natural colors. In this study, the polyester fabric was chosen. In essence, polyester fabric is much less absorbent. But the color pigment was extracted using M.luteus methanol, which is showing very good promising color even for polyester fabrics.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ß-GLUCANS FROM EDIBLE MUSHROOM, SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE IN THAILAND

Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant of ß-glucans from an edible mushroom, Schizophyllum commune in Thailand.Methods: The antioxidant activity of ß-glucans was measured in terms of hydrogen donating or radical scavenging ability by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method,2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity analysis, and total phenoliccompounds. The ß-glucans structure was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer.Results: The ß-glucans were extracted from S. commune and tested biological activities. Using the Folin–Ciocalteu Reactive method, we found thatthe phenolic compound contents of ethanol extracts of the mushroom sample were 284.41±1.22 mgGAE/g extract. The IC50 radical scavenging ability(DPPH) and IC50 radical scavenging activity (ABTS) of ß-glucans were 0.829±0.006 and 0.724±0.021 mg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The ß-glucans from S. commune in Thailand showed a potent antioxidant activity and it will be able to apply in pharmaceutical cosmetics.

Marketing research and pharmacoeconomic aspects of medicinal cosmetic products containing azelaic acid

O. P. Kilieieva Goal. Analysis of the domestic market of pharmaceutical cosmetics containing azelaic acid, registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine; determination of stability indicators of the range of drugs of this group, their competitiveness of solvency for further study of the availability of this list of drugs and the possibility of meeting the needs of the population in the treatment of the specified pathology. Materials and methods. The materials of the study became the legal basis: the orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Protocol on the provision of medical care to patients with vulgar acne (Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine of May 08, 2009, No. 312, with amendments № 670 dated 04.08.2016). Unified clinical protocol of primary, secondary (specialized), tertiary (highly specialized) medical care (acne). Methods of research - statistical, graphic, marketing, pharmacoeconomic, content analysis of official sources of information. Results . According to the unified clinical protocols of primary, secondary (specialized), tertiary (highly specialized) medical care (ACMD) about acne – this skin disease has the ICD-10 code: L70 in accordance with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Disorders of Health (Tenth Edition) - vulgar acne. In the occurrence of acne, four principal mechanisms are distinguished: increased production of sebum by sebaceous glands; increased keratinization of epidermis cells and the accumulation of horny cells in the ducts of the sebaceous glands (follicular hyperkeratinization); propionic acid bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes – microorganism, which normally lives in sebum without oxygen availability); inflammation. In analyzed literary sources, it is generally indicated that acne treatment should be of a complex nature. Except drug therapy should include such components as conversation with the patient and his psychological support, physiotherapy, daily skin care, local and systemic medical treatment. Conclusions. The assurance of the assortment's stability is carried out. It has been established that the assortment of azelaic acid-containing LCAs for the prevention and treatment of acne is stable (in pharmacies of Zaporizhzhia? Dnipro, Mykolaiv, Kryvyi Rih, Cherkasy) and is equal to 0.87. The coefficient of competitiveness is calculated. It has been established that the most competitive is AcneStop (Ukraine). The rate of liquidity of the price is calculated. Calculated values of K liq indicate that the maximum ratio of liquidity to the drug is Azogel PRAT (gel) (K liq = 0.49), and the minimum – on the LS Skinoren (cream) (K liq = 0.05) and is more available on the market among analogues. Solvency adequacy ratio is calculated. According to the calculations it is clear that the highest index of C a.s is Skinoren (gel, cream) – 5.7 %, lowest – Azogel PRAT (C a.s = 1.2 %).

Тренды рынка аптечной косметики, предотвращающей преждевременное старение кожи

Тренды рынка аптечной косметики, предотвращающей преждевременное старение кожи

Influence of factors of consumer behavior on process of making decision on purchase in the market of pharmaceutical cosmetics

The research of consumer behavior for the purpose of its formation and effective impact on it becoming a key element of the marketing activities of modern enterprises, working on a wide variety of goods and services markets. Currently, there is a tendency of convergence of cosmetics to pharmaceuticals and a new product appears which combines the quality of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and called cosmeceuticals or pharmaceutical cosmetics. When providing services in the market of pharmaceutical cosmetics the knowledge of regularities and factors of consumer behavior, and ability to adapt to its changes is of great importance. Now in the conditions of dynamically developing market environment, the system research of factors of consumer behavior in the market of pharmaceutical cosmetics is necessary, including the problem resolution of its identification, forecasting of their dynamics and the impact directed to them is required. At the same time, there are no reliable theoretical and methodical bases for such decisions. The insufficient readiness of methodical tools for identification and assessment of factors of consumer behavior interferes with improvement of quality of the rendered services in the sphere of medical services in case of sale of pharmaceutical cosmetics. Besides, one of important components of modern system of complex service marketing is automation of means of its implementation that assumes the maximum automation of process of conducting personal selling by means of which influence of a human factor is minimized and working hours are significantly saved. However, its successful implementation requires expansion of methodical approaches to system of an efficiency evaluation in the sphere of medical services in relation to the market of retail trade by pharmaceutical cosmetics.

Bioluminescence-based measurement of viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 harbouring plasmid-based lux genes under the control of constitutive promoters.

Detection of microbial contamination in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics has been problematic for several decades. Numerous investigations highlight the urgency for novel methods; development of bioluminescent constructs allows real-time monitoring, rapid analysis and high-throughput screening of products. Microbial growth can be studied by measuring constitutive gene expression. The aim is to develop whole-cell microbial biosensors with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quantify their growth rate by measuring constitutive expression of lux. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells were genetically modified to produce bioluminescence constitutively. Strains were characterized by assessing their growth kinetics, plasmid stability and gene expression with bacterial replication. Furthermore, cell viability was measured by fluorescence quantification. Promoter strengths were evaluated by comparing bioluminescence (RLU) per colony-forming units (CFU) at various growth stages and related to promoter sequences. Promoter strength decreased in the order of P(lpp) > P(tat) > P(lysS) > P(ldcC) > P(spc) during exponential phase whilst P(tat) was stronger than P(lpp) during stationary phase. Good correlations between RLU and CFU at 24 h indicated a strong relationship for all bioluminescent strains; however, weaker correlations between RLU and CFU and between fluorescence (RFU) and CFU beyond 24 h indicated that a proportion of cells had lost the ability to culture. Equivalence analysis showed no significant difference between bioluminescence and plate counting for all five bioluminescent strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa-containing P(tat) had steady bioluminescence when correlated to CFU (R > 0·9), and together with fluorescence data, it can be concluded that Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 tat-pMElux is preferred for testing microbial viability. These whole-cell bioluminescent strains provide a platform for utilization in monitoring toxicity and contamination of compounds in environmental biology and microbial ecology, preservative efficacy testing (PET) in the pharmaceutical cosmetics and food industries; the use of such biosensors provides an alternative, fast and efficient method to traditional methods.

Antioxidant Enrichment of Baobab Fruit Pulp Treated with Oil Extracted from the Seeds

The effect of the application of oil from baobab seeds on the antioxidant capacity and stability of ascorbic acid in the fruit pulp at varying temperature were evaluated. Ascorbic acid analysis of the fruit pulp revealed that the concentration in the raw extract of the pulp sullied rapidly matched with the extract treated with the seed oil. Compared with the raw extracts the formulated fruit pulp presented the highest concentration of the total ascorbic acid when both samples were subjected to varying temperatures at extended time periods. The results clearly indicated the antioxidant enrichment property of the baobab seed oil. This study demonstrates the potential of oil derived from baobab seed as having antioxidant enrichment capacity and might be a potential ingredient in pharmaceutical cosmetics formulations and food preparations.

Simple and Rapid Determination of Ferulic Acid Levels in Food and Cosmetic Samples Using Paper-Based Platforms

Ferulic acid is an important phenolic antioxidant found in or added to diet supplements, beverages, and cosmetic creams. Two designs of paper-based platforms for the fast, simple and inexpensive evaluation of ferulic acid contents in food and pharmaceutical cosmetics were evaluated. The first, a paper-based electrochemical device, was developed for ferulic acid detection in uncomplicated matrix samples and was created by the photolithographic method. The second, a paper-based colorimetric device was preceded by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the separation and detection of ferulic acid in complex samples using a silica plate stationary phase and an 85:15:1 (v/v/v) chloroform: methanol: formic acid mobile phase. After separation, ferulic acid containing section of the TLC plate was attached onto the patterned paper containing the colorimetric reagent and eluted with ethanol. The resulting color change was photographed and quantitatively converted to intensity. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection of ferulic acid was found to be 1 ppm and 7 ppm (S/N = 3) for first and second designs, respectively, with good agreement with the standard HPLC-UV detection method. Therefore, these methods can be used for the simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive quantification of ferulic acid in a variety of samples.

Developing an on-line derivatization of FAs by microwave irradiation coupled to HPLC separation with UV detection

The development of analytical methods for routine simultaneous identification and quantification of carboxylic fatty acids (CFAs) are required in different fields, such as, pharmaceutical cosmetics, food products and formulations of water–microemulsion–oil systems. Determination of CFAs has been developed mainly by gas chromatography (GC). As an alternative to GC, liquid chromatography (LC) has better sensitivity and selectivity. However, most CFAs show no useful absorption in ultraviolet–violet (UV–Vis) region, one of the more used detection technique in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to allow the use of UV–Vis detection, the use of pre-column derivatization has been reported to increase sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, establishment of a simpler and faster on-line method with complete separation is needed for the screening of large numbers of samples. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH.), benzoil chloride (BC), and phenylhydrazine (PH) were used for derivatization of different FAs by microwaves radiation (MW). After the on-line derivatization, products were separated and quantified by HPLC. Reactor coil was placed inside of microwaves oven at 450 W. Parameters as flow, amount of reagents, irradiation time, and chromatographic conditions were optimized. The continuous analysis using the MW–HPLC–UV system provided high sensitivity and reduced both the amount of reagent used and the analysis times. This proposed method can be used for the routine analysis of FAs contained in water–microemulsion–oil systems, to quantify the total acid fraction in each phase.