Pharmaceutical Care Standards Research Articles

Evaluating knowledge management practices in a hospital pharmacy: A comprehensive investigation

Background: Knowledge management practices in healthcare settings play a crucial role in improving patient care quality and operational efficiency. However, the understanding and implementation of these practices in Oshakati Hospital pharmacy, Namibia, remain unclear. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 26 participants, including pharmacists, pharmacist interns, and pharmacist assistants, to assess knowledge-sharing frequency, documentation practices, technology effectiveness, and the overall knowledge management effectiveness. Results: The study found no significant relationship between work experience and knowledge management practices, indicating potential gaps in understanding and implementation of knowledge management strategies. Participants showed moderate attitudes towards knowledge sharing, with technology perceived as moderately effective in facilitating knowledge management. Conclusion: Enhancing knowledge management practices at Oshakati Hospital pharmacy is crucial to address existing gaps, improve collaboration, and elevate pharmaceutical care standards in the region. Implementing a comprehensive health information system and integrating innovative technologies can enhance knowledge extraction and patient interactions, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes.

Conversations about structural racism are uncomfortable. That’s the point.

Conversations about structural racism are uncomfortable. That’s the point.

MONITORING DRUG THERAPY IN X’s PHARMACY IN BADUNG REGENCY

Background: Monitoring drug therapy based on Permenkes RI No. 73 of 2016 is one of the pharmaceutical care standards in pharmacy practice. Monitoring drug therapy is a process that includes activities to ensure safe, effective and rational drug therapy for patients. Patients who receive drug therapy are at risk of experiencing drug-related problems. Objective: This study aims to determine the implementation of monitoring drug therapy in one pharmacy in Badung Regency. Methods: The type of research is a descriptive observational study conducted by interview session one pharmacist in X Pharmacy, then analyzed descriptively according to Permenkes RI No 73 of 2016. Results: The results showed that in January-June 2020 there were 34 patients with disease categories requiring monitoring drug therapy: 27 patients with asthma (79%), six patients with diabetes (18%), and one patient with tuberculosis (3%). Patients with the largest visits were geriatric, which were 19 out of 34 patients. Conclusion: The monitoring of drug therapy at Pharmacy X has fulfilled all the parameters in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the implementation of in Pharmacy based on Permenkes RI No.73 of 2016.Keywords: Monitoring drug therapy, Implementation, Pharmacy, Pharmacist

Dwi Monika Ningrum THE ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN APPLYING THE STANDARD OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE IN PHARMACY AT WEST LOMBOK

Pharmaceutical care is a direct and responsible service to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations with the aim of achieving definite results to improve the quality of life. The standards of Pharmaceutical care in pharmacies are designed to serve as guidelines for pharmacist practice in carrying out the profession, to protect the public from unprofessional services and to protect the profession in carrying out pharmaceutical practices. This study aims to describe the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies in West Lombok Regency. This research is a non-experimental qualitative descriptive research with cross sectional data collection with a total of 40 pharmacies in Lombok Barat. The collection data was carried out using questionnaire sheets to respondents who were willing. The results obtained in this study include the management standards of pharmaceutical supplies by pharmacists together with pharmacist assistant with a percentage of 35.4%, clinical pharmacy service standards carried out by pharmacists with a percentage of 38%, and quality evaluation implementation. service in the pharmacy is carried out by pharmacists by 80%. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the role of pharmacists is very influential on the success of services, especially in clinical pharmacy services, namely in drug information services, monitoring drug therapy, and monitoring drug side effects which really require the role of a pharmacist.

INFORMATION SOURCES SUPPORTING MANAGERIAL DECISIONS ON HEALTH CARE IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SITUATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF COVID-19 MANAGEMENT)

Abstract. In light of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), we carried out a regular review of the information resources of international organizations specializing in combating infectious diseases, as well as governmental and intergovernmental organizations of the world's leading countries with strong economies and stringent regulatory systems in January-December 2020.
 The analysis of the materials accumulated on the monitoring results revealed some differences in the legislation and practice of health care organization in Ukraine. First of all, this is a small number of registered clinical trials on COVID-19 prevention and treatment, as well as the lack of permit to use medicines for the indications which are not in basic prescribing information, in particular, "compassionate treatment" programs or emergency access to medicines, which are in clinical trials.
 In the absence of traditional evidence of the health interventions effectiveness, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of identifying reliable information sources, transparency, quick and widespread information disclosure and experience exchange on challenging issues of resource and risk management, communication and public health activities, discussion of organizational forms and clinical activities in public health in the vast majority of countries. The establishment of independent monitoring and analytical centers, the participation of professional communities in various studies is an example of the rapid scientific data acquisition and supporting recommendations on various aspects of countering the pandemic.
 Based on the analysis of international data published in reliable sources, the legislation has been changed in Ukraine, the approaches to planning the transformation of the health care system have been identified to increase its resistance to the infectious diseases epidemic, the quarantine measures and other restrictions have been justified, the standards of medical and pharmaceutical care have been presented, the measures to ensure the availability of medical care for patients with health disorders of other etiologies and priority areas for the development of health care facilities to protect medical staff and patients have been identified.

OBSERVASI PENGKAJIAN RESEP SECARA ADMINISTRATIF PADA APOTEK X DI KABUPATEN BADUNG

Prescription screening is one of pharmaceutical care standards in Pharmacy which regulated in Permenkes RI No. 73 Tahun 2016. The aim of this research is to know about the implementation of one pharmaceutical care standards which is presription screening in one of pharmacies in Badung Regency. This research is descriptive observational. Data collection was performed by means of a retrospective (drug prescription data in January-May 2020) in X Pharmacy at Badung Regency with a total sample of 70 prescriptions. Based on the result of administrative screening of prescription, the percentage of incompleteness prescription at pharmacy X are patient name 2,86%, patient age 45,71%, gender 87,14%, body weight 97,14%, patient address 51,43%, doctor's license (SIP) 42,86%, phone number 14,28%, physician initial 40% and prescription date 7,14%. The doctor's prescription completeness has not fulfilled the administrative prescription completeness requirement according to Permenkes RI No. 73 of 2016.

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kelas C di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat

Pharmacy as a place for a main and professional service in hospital has the important role for supporting quality health services. One attempt to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care was by implementing the standards of hospital pharmaceutical care. The research aimed at finding out illustration of the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard at Local Public Hospitals Class C in Nusa Tenggara Barat province, as well as supporting or obstacle factors in the implementation.This research was a descriptive study. The study was conducted in three local public hospitals class C in Nusa Tenggara Barat province. Data was collected by using interview method of pharmacy hospital service standard. This interview comprises seven standards that are divided in twenty three parameters. The Pharmacy Department is agree with standard if the percentage of mean score was more than 75%, the other way it is not agree with standard if the percentage of mean score was less than 75%.The research result showed that the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard at Local Public Hospitals Class C in Nusa Tenggara Barat province had not implemented well yet, which could be seen from the result showing the percentage of standard achievement of three hospitals were less than 75 %. The percentage of standard achievement of hospital A was 52, 12 %, hospital B was 54, 78 %, and hospital C was 44, 35 %.

Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Care Standard Implementation in Medan City Health Center, North Sumatra

Objectives: The implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Standards policies in health centers can be seen from the extent of suitability of human resources, facilities and infrastructure, management of medicines and consumable medical materials, clinical pharmacy care and quality control of pharmaceutical care. Inadequate implementation with the Pharmaceutical Care Standards policy will have a negative impact on service quality. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Minister of Health Regulation No. 74 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Care Standards in Medan City Health Center.Methods: This research is a cross sectional descriptive survey research. Data obtained from filling out questionnaire sheets and checklist sheets based on direct observation in outpatient health centers that have pharmacists and pharmacy technical staff at the pharmacy. The data obtained were analyzed using indicators and compared with literature standards. This research was conducted in July - October 2019.Results: The results showed that the total score of implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Standards in Medan City Health Center was 73-82 included in category II / moderate. Implementation has not yet fully met the standards, this is indicated by aspects of facilities and infrastructure; clinical pharmacy care have not been carried out effectively because it is related to the ratio between the number of patients with pharmacists and pharmaceutical technical personnel in the health center that is still not rational; and management of drugs and medical consumables. Assessment of the highest level of patient satisfaction is the Satisfaction category, as many as 77.89-97.87%.Conclusions: Implementation of Minister of Health Regulation No. 74 of 2016 concerning Pharmaceutical Care Standards in Medan City Health Center is included in the Medium Category. Factors affecting implementation include human resources and infrastructure. The level of patient satisfaction is Satisfied Category.
 

The Impact of Pharmacists’ Interventions to Prevent Medication Errors at a Tertiary Hospital in Central Jakarta, Indonesia

To promote the safety and quality of pharmaceutical services are still an issue in Indonesia. One way of doing so is to implement pharmaceutical care standards and prevent medication errors. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the intervention that conducts before and after the socialization in the standard of pharmacy service could cause a decrease in medication errors. The study was conducted by using a quasi-experimental design without a control group in outpatient pharmacy services of a tertiary hospital in central Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 7627 prescriptions were collected prospectively by the total sampling method in April and May 2016. The observation was conducted in two stages of prescribing and dispensing. A total of 2541 medication errors identified, error rates of 16% and 33.3% were found during the prescribing and dispensing stages before socialization (April 2016), respectively. After the socialization in May 2016, the error rates of 15.2% and 20.2% were found in the prescribing and dispensing stages, respectively. However, the differences pre- and post-socialization were not significant (p>0.05). The greatest decrease in medication error was found on drug labels, which fell from 721(21%) to 458 (11%). Observations on near-miss events based on a risk matrix showed that these were dominated by a low-degree of risk. Based on these results, it could be concluded that the intervention given to pharmacists could decline medication errors. Nevertheless, further study with a greater amount of time and better pharmacist socialization is required.

Evaluation of Outpatient Prescription Compliance in A Bukittinggi Hospital

<p><em>Prescriptions are written requests from doctors or dentists to pharmacists, whether in paper or electronic form to provide and deliver medicines to patients in accordance with applicable regulations. Pharmacists play an important role in preventing medication error by performing prescription screening to reduce the risks of harm on patients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the compliance of outpatient prescriptions in Bukittinggi Hospital. This research was performed using descriptive observational with a cross-sectional design. An amount of 119 prescriptions from July to September 2017 were collected. All prescriptions were screened for their compliance to Pharmaceutical Care Standard in Indonesian Hospitals, which consists of three criteria: 1) administrative requirements, 2) pharmaceutical compatibilities and 3) clinical considerations, and derived into 21 sub-criteria. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. After screened thoroughly, there were no prescriptions which totally comply with the standard. There were only 10 of 21 sub-criteria which were fulfilled by the prescriptions, which were registration number, R/ mark, patient`s name, dosage form, frequency, duration of therapy, drug name, strength, drug interaction, and drug duplication. It can be concluded that the prescriptions have not fulfilled the pharmaceutical care standard. Thus, hospital pharmacists need to improve pharmaceutical services.<strong></strong></em></p>

Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek Kabupaten Rembang

Government regulations regulate pharmaceutical care standards at pharmacies to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical care to patient. The impact of not implementing a good pharmaceutical service activity is that medication errors can occur in the pharmaceutical service process. The study aimed to determine if there is any correlation between customer satisfaction and the application of the standards of pharmaceutical care in Rembang. This is a cross sectional survey research with purposive sampling technique. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires filled by community pharmacists and patients attending community pharmacies. The study was conducted at 4 (four) community pharmacies in Rembang. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Questionnaires were filled by 4 pharmacists’ measuring aspects of facilities, infrastructure and services. The level of satisfaction of 94 community pharmacies’ patients were measured in 5 dimensions i.e. reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness. The quality of pharmaceutical care scoring and patients’ satisfaction showed no relationship p (95%; 2 tailed) = 0.503.

EVALUASI STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE PELAYANAN RESEP DI PUSKESMAS CIBUNGBULANG KABUPATEN BOGOR PERIODE MARET s/d APRIL 2018

Prescription care is an integral part of pharmaceutical care at Primary Health Facility. Evaluation of prescription care standard at Primary Health Facility Cibungbulang was done by comparing the implementation of prescription care in Primary Health Facility with prescription prescribing standard according to Permenkes No 74 of 2016 about standard of pharmaceutical care at Primary Health Facility. A descriptive observational study was conducted on 324 samples. Data were collected using an observation table. The results showed that the date of prescribing, dosage, quantity of drug, rules of procedure and technique of use, accuracy of dose, time of drug use, preparation / compounding, delivery was done well with percentage of 100%. While other components such as patient id, paraf doctor, drug form, availability, drug side effects, label or etiquette, the provision of drug information that has not met the Pharmaceutical Care Standard in Primary Health Facility.

Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Standard in Jambi City's Pharmacies

In the last five years, the pressure to implement pharmaceutical care focuses on the patient getting stronger. The current standard of pharmacy care at a pharmacy established by regulation of health minister number 73/2016, as a guideline for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in organizing pharmaceutical care. This research was conducted in the city of Jambi in order to determine implementation of pharmaceutical care standard at pharmacy, to identify the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in implementing pharmaceutical care in the Jambi city’s pharmacy. This study is an observational descriptive study, conducted with a survey phase, followed by a phase of observation and in-depth interviews phase. Total respondents who conducted a survey of 105 pharmacist from 143 pharmacies. Then performed an observation using a checklist sheet at 20 pharmacies and in-depth interviews on 17 pharmacists. The questionnaire survey used convenience sampling technique and sampling techniques for observation and in-depth interviews with maximum variation sampling. Methods of data analysis was done descriptively to see the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard. Qualitative data were presented descriptively to identify supporting and barriers factors. Results of the research are based on a survey, in managing the pharmaceutical, medical supplies and consumable medical materials carried out by pharmacist assisted pharmacy technicians, but its implementation in the field is mostly done by the pharmacy technicians under the responsibility of the pharmacist. Clinical pharmacy services running on prescription services, drug information services and partly on the counseling. Home pharmacy care, monitoring drug therapy and monitoring of drug side effects and clinical documentation has not been done. Based on interviews unknown, factors supporting the implementation of the standard is support pharmacy technicians personnel, support of owner pharmacy, the presence of a pharmacist with a regular schedule of practices, the use of information systems technology and motivation of pharmacist. Whereas the barriers factor are factors in patients where there is doubt the patient to the pharmacist and staff, the limited presence of the pharmacist, the shortage of skills,and there is no space of counseling services and the limited number of pharmaceutical human resources.

The Position of Clinical Pharmacists in Delivering Advanced Pharmacy Practice Education and Services: Short Communication

The pharmacist’s role in health systems continues to evolve from a product focus to a patient-centered care model ensuring the safe and effective use of medications in all practice settings. The scope of pharmacy practice now includes patient-centered care with all the cognitive functions of counseling, providing drug information and monitoringdrug therapy, as well as technical aspects of pharmaceutical services, including medicines supply management. Clinical Pharmacy consist of all the services accomplished by pharmacists practicing in hospitals, community pharmacies, nursing homes, home-based care services, clinics and any other setting wherever medicines are prescribed and used. Advanced pharmacy practice should be handled and delivered by facilities where high standards of pharmaceutical care and instruction are available and preceptors and educators should be actively engaged in the delivery of high-quality pharmaceutical care, and spend a majority of their time providing pharmaceutical care in their facility.

Pracownia leku cytotoksycznego warunkiem wysokiej jakości produktu

Cancer control is a tremendous challenge not only for the ill patient and physicians, but also for the whole health care system. For the first time, during the European Conference of Oncology Pharmacists, the highest standards of pharmaceutical care were proposed for cancer patients. Undoubtedly, the lifestyle and prophylaxis which would enable the detection of cancer at an early stage exert an effect on the development of the disease. Cytostatics show toxic, mutagenic, oncogenic and immunosuppressive effects; therefore, their preparation should be handled by the Central Cytotoxic Drugs Department, because the majority of the drugs prepared belong to Register A. Drugs are manufactured in accordance with GMP principles. All-Polish Standards adopted by the Polish Pharmaceutical Association delineate the direction to be developed by every hospital with respect to its own procedures and instructions. The Master of Pharmacy is responsible for the preparation of cytotoxic drugs. At one bench should work an operator and an assistant. The recommended working time should not exceed 2 h without break, and 5 h daily. The person who collects cytotoxic drugs from the Central Department should use a legible sign and a stamp including the hour and date of collection. While manufacturing cytostatics for patients in daily doses it is recommended to use concentrates in the form of solutions rather than lyophilised powders, which results in the shortening of the stage of production of the drug and reduces the possibility of forming aerosols; in the case of closed infusion systems (containers for infusion liquids) which are used for the production of daily doses, the cabinet should be equipped in two tight docks for dispensing. Needleless connection of the LUER-LOCK type – a recommendation of the ISOPP – guarantees a tight connection with the drug transfer port even in the case of an increase in pressure during the manufacture of drugs. To a certain extent a pharmacy becomes the producer and distributor of oncologic drugs. This is related with high requirements concerning the production of drugs (high quality), safety of the engaged staff, as well as participation in a rational management of medicines. According to the FIP, a pharmacy is a public health care facility where work is performed by authorised persons: Masters of Pharmacy and pharmacy technicians. At present the task of a clinical pharmacist also includes the supervision of activities in the area of clinical pharmacy. This is a new task for pharmacists, who are obliged to constantly expand their knowledge and actively participate in the activities of the medical team.

GRP-008 A Socio Economic Approach to Management (SEAM): An Attractive Tool For Monitoring Change in a Clinical Pharmacy Environment

BackgroundOrganization has become more complex in hospitals. In the context of change, management is particularly critical.PurposeThe aim of our project was to develop and improve clinical pharmacy services between the...

EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION BY PHARMACIST IN BANTUL RESIDENCE’S PHARMACY

Indonesia Health Ministrial Decree No. 1027/2004 has been published as a standard of quality assurance in pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacist. As the time goes by, the newest regulation has been provided by government through PP No. 51/2009 to legitimate pharmacists in their responsibility as role player in pharmaceutical care. The implementation of this policy, however, is still unknown yet and needs to be further evaluated. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmaceutical care standard implementation by pharmacist according to this regulation. This research involved pharmacists in 32 pharmacies in Bantul as respondents. These pharmacies was selected by proportional random from the total of 108 pharmacies in 16 district of Bantul Residence. The data was collected through questionnaire and analized descriptively according to indicators; administration; drug and prescription service; communication, information, and education, inventory control management, human resources, supporting facilities, and evaluation of service quality. The result was categorized as good if total score persentation 81-100%, adequate if total score persentation 61-80%, and less if total score persentation ≤60%. The study result showed that generally the pharmaceutical care standard has not been well implemented in Bantul Residence. There were 18 pharmacies (56.25%) in the good category, 13 pharmacies (40.63%) in the adequate category, and 1 pharmacy (3.13%) in the less category. The indicators that have been well implemented were supporting facilities indicator (88.95%), human resources indicator (887.67%), inventory control management (82.29%). Other indicators including Communiation, Information, and Education (75.63%), administration (68.23%), and drug and prescription service (64.95%) were in the less category. Keywords : Pharmaceutical Care Standard, Kepmenkes No. 1027/2004, PP No. 51/2009, Bantul Residence

EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION BY PHARMACIST

The government has arranged regulations to establish the implementation of pharmaceutical care standard by pharmacists, such as Kepmenkes No. 1027/2004 about Standards of Pharmaceutical Care in Pharmacy. The government also issued a higher level of regulation, that is PP. 51/2009 about Pharmaceutical Practice. This study is aimed to observe the implementation for pharmaceutical care standard by pharmacist in Sleman Regency and determine the indicators of pharmacy services which have (not) been implemented by the pharmacist. Non experimental-quantitative and descriptive analysis were used in this study. The population were pharmacists practicing at the pharmacy in Sleman Regency. There were 35 pharmacists as sample, being determined by proportional random sampling. The data was collected by using questionnaire which was filled in by respondents, includes seven indicators of the implementation of pharmaceutical care based on PP No. 51/2009 and Kepmenkes No. 1027/2004. The data analysis was interpreted into categories, that are those with the percentage score of 81-100% as good category, 61-80% as adequate category and ≤ 60% as lacking category. The results showed the most optimum implemented indicator from the seven indicators according to the ranking, as follows indicator of workforce with the score of 95.24%, Supporting Factors of 91.10% and drug management of 81.90%. Those three indicators were categorized as good. While indicator of drug services with the score of 78.70%, administration of 77.62%, communication, information and education of 76.80% and evaluation of service quality 71.29%, were categorized as adequate. Among the 35 respondents, the results of the evaluation of standards implementation based on all indicators was 65.71% categorized as good category, 31.43% as adequate and only 2.86% as the lacking ones. Keywords : Implementation, Pharmaceutical Care, Pharmacy, Sleman

Identification of acceptable standards for pharmaceutical care practice among hospital pharmacists in South-Western Nigeria

Involvement of Pharmacists in designing practice standards for pharmaceutical care and effective implementation of agreed practice standards will assure optimal and proper outcomes in pharmacy practice. The purpose of this study was to identify standards of pharmaceutical care that are practicable and applicable in the hospital settings. A crosssectional survey was carried out between March and June 2008 among Hospital pharmacists working in 2 cities in South-Western Nigeria. Using a questionnaire modified from fifty –two standards suggested by the Delphi Panel of Pharmaceutical care experts, information was obtained on feasibility, relevance, current application and intention to apply standards of pharmaceutical care. Response rate was 47.93%. Average positive response +standard deviation for the parameters were; Feasibility 62.23%+8.89%, Relevance 62.76%+7.25%, currently applied 41.6%+19.69% and intention to apply 11.32%+6.67%. Twenty seven and 47 standards were found to be both feasible and relevant based on 60% and 50% average positive responses respectively and there was no significant difference between the average positive responses of being feasible and relevant(P=0.1028). The most accepted standard based on feasibility was „the pharmacist should be prepared to re evaluate and modify therapeutic plans on subsequent patient visit and consult with necessary physician(s)‟ 46(79.3%). Thus pharmaceutical care standards that can be implemented in hospital settings were identified. However there is still a suboptimal level of intention to practice these standards. Keywords: Pharmaceutical care; Practice standards; Hospital settings; South-Western Nigeria.

Implementation of pharmaceutical care knowledge in Bulgarian community pharmacies

Introduction: The concept “Pharmaceutical care” is a new philosophy for Bulgarian community pharmacy practice. Beginning in 2000, a new course in pharmaceutical care was introduced in the curriculum of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Later its status changed from free to compulsory and was included in the National Education regulation for higher pharmaceutical education. The newly graduated pharmacists are making their first attempts to introduce this knowledge into practice.Aim: This study was designed to evaluate two criteria; the applicability of pharmaceutical care standards to Bulgarian pharmacies and their importance for the patient.Results: The results from two questionnaires show that practicing pharmacists appraise the pharmaceutical care standards for pharmacy practice as applicable and are interested in applying these standards if a legal regulation is introduced.Conclusion: Pharmacists are better prepared to implement pharmaceutical care practice and standards in Bulgarian community pharmacy.