Phan Thiet Research Articles

Research, assessing and water quality change trends in the Holocene and Pleistocene beds to meet water supply requirements for the coastal area of Binh Thuan province, Vietnam

The study conducted water sampling at 30 well locations in 3 aquifers with different water depths (X15 m, X24 m, X36 m) in the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers in the coastal area of Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Water quality index calculation methods, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were applied. The results showed that the Groundwater Quality Index fluctuated at “Excellent”, accounting for 18.61 %; “Good” accounts for 38.05 %; “Poor” accounts for 20.55 %; the remaining “Very Poor” and “Inappropriate” account for 22.79 %. The most “inappropriateˮ part is in Ham Thuan, Phan Thiet. Some well sites are not suitable for water supply. In the coastal area of Phan Thiet, the average chloride content during the year is higher than the allowed standard. During 3 years of monitoring, in the dry season, the highest chloride content was 478 mg.L–1 at sites GWBT16, GWBT20, and 521 mg.L–1 at GWBT24. The results of the principal component correlation analysis of water quality in the X15 m aquifer show a tendency to be more severely affected by high tides during the rainy season.

Evaluating and predicting coastal shoreline changes in the Doi Duong - Phan Thiet beach area by remote sensing and GIS technology

Assessing the shoreline variability is paramount in understanding the erosion and coastal accretion processes. The potential impact of erosion on coastal communities, particularly in coastal regions, amplifies the vulnerability to coastal disasters. In this study, Landsat satellite imagery captured from 1990 to 2022 was utilized, in conjunction with Geographic Information System (GIS), to scrutinize alterations in the shoreline of Doi Duong Beach - Phan Thiet. The satellite images were independently processed using aspect-ratio methods and thresholding techniques to determine the prevailing condition of the coastline. The rate of shoreline change was quantified using the DSAS tool. The investigation’s findings reveal a dynamic interplay between erosion and accretion, with accretion dominance explicitly evident within the areas surrounding the Ca Ty - Phu Hai river mouth. The average annual shoreline change rate is 27.1 m/yr for the Ca Ty River mouth and 16.5 m/yr for the Phu Hai River mouth. The most significant disparity between the recorded coastline in 1990 and 2022 measures 868 m. Additionally, the projections for the coastline until 2032 indicate that accretion remains the dominant process. This research shows that combining geospatial techniques and numerical models is a reliable way to study shoreline change trends.

Groundwater geochemistry and hydro-geochemical processes in coastal area South Phan Thiet, Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam

As one of the largest dragon fruit areas and many tourism projects, the southern coastal area of Phan Thiet (including three communes: Tien Thanh, Thuan Quy, and Tan Thanh) has been a bright spot in the economy of Binh Thuan. Economic development puts pressure on water resources, especially groundwater resources, the main supply for irrigation and domestic water in the region. In this research, 19 groundwater samples from the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers were collected in February 2023 and analyzed for the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4 +, NO3 −, PO4 3-, Cl−, HCO3 –, and SO4 2-, thereby evaluating groundwater geochemistry, hydro-geochemical processes, and the suitability for irrigation purposes. The rank of cations in the aquifers of the region is Na+ > Ca2+ ∼ Mg2+, and Ca2+ ∼ Mg2+ > Na+ respectively. The concentrations of major anions in the study area are in order Cl− > HCO3 − > SO4 2- respectively. The predominant processes in the aquifer involve the interplay between rock and water as well as anthropogenic activity. The saturation indices of dolomite, gypsum, and halite are under-saturated in all collecting sample sites. According to the quality evaluation for irrigation, 14 of the 19 samples with % sodium levels less than 60 are suitable, while the others should be treated before use. The study area also indicated nitrate pollution (4/19 groundwater samples exceeding 15 mgN L−1 of the Nitrate limited for groundwater, National technical regulation on underground water quality). It is recommended that local authorities have strategies to supply water for different purposes, control pollution sources, and treat water waste to protect these aquifers.

Identification of dragon trees and fruits in ham Thuan Bac growing areas, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province, Vietnam

With the development of Computer Vision, we can effectively and accurately identify trees, fruit or object images. But to build a high-performance image dataset for tree identification problems in Agriculture is a challenge. Realizing that Vietnam is a country with strong agriculture with many tropical fruits grown widely such as Dragon fruit, Mangosteen, Mango, Orange, Lychee, Longan … We chose the Dragon Fruit tree for the data set. of my proposed images, all images will be collected using the close-up method, including tasks such as taking photos of Dragon Fruit trees from many angles and in different conditions (weather, temperature, light, …). In this article, we want to improve the data quality of the collected images so we have applied image processing techniques such as noise filtering (using Gaussian filter), image quality enhancement (image rotation), flip the image, zoom out, zoom in, etc.). From the collected Dragon Fruit tree data set, we will propose to use the Faster R–CNN model for this data set to build a tree and Dragon Fruit identification system.

A protection method for the coast of Phan Thiet City, Vietnam

Vietnam is located in monsoon tropical region. That is received a lot of typhoons and tropical depresion annual. Coastal area has been erosion seriously from north to south of Vietnam recently. For developing social economic in the area, some coastal protection solutions have been applied away from natural and hurman influence. Phan Thiet belonging to Binh Thuan province is one of active cities in the South Central Coast. There has strengths in developing aquaculture, fishing and tourism. With a long coastline and beautiful beachs, Phan Thiet attracts a large number of domestic and foreign tourists any time of the year. Some coastal areas were constructed concrete wall or revetment to protect from erosion, however, that are damaged, depleaced or sinked by wave and natural impact. At present, government is supporting in recovering or rebuilt the new protection construction for creating lanscape at the coastal area. The research shows a solution revetment to protect the coastline that could be suiltable for local requirement of stability construction, serving tourism and community activities. That could reduce wave run up and foundation erosion, adapt to working condition of construction.

Investigation into Difficulties in Public Speaking among English-majored Students at University of Phan Thiet

The main aim of the study was to identify the difficulties in public speaking skills among English-majored students at the University of Phan Thiet. A total of 60 students were asked to participate in the research. The findings revealed that students have clear perceptions about the significant roles and the high difficulty level of public speaking skills. Furthermore, of all the difficulties students encountered when speaking in front of many people, the two most common problems were fear of making mistakes and being observed, which wore down their confidence. Based on the findings, several suggestions were made to improve students' public speaking skills. The findings in this study were also expected to be beneficial to teachers, educators, and schools in improving the experience of students when taking public speaking courses.

RESEARCH ON APPLICABILITY NATURAL RED SAND FOR THE SUBGRADE OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION BY EXPERIMENT IN THE LABORATORY

This article presents some typical physical and mechanical characteristics of natural red sand collected in Thien Nghiep commune, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province through static experiments in the laboratory. From the obtained results, it is shown that this sand belongs to group A-2 according to the AASHTO M145 standard on grain composition. The sand has a relatively high cohesion with an average value of about 29 kPa and the internal friction angle with an average value of about 35º which characterize the shear resistance of material. The CBR value of sand at a relative compaction of 0.95 is 20.67% which meets the requirements of subgrade materials for highway traffic construction according to current standards. Thus, through a series of static experiments, it is confirmed that this type of sand is potentially suitable as a subgrade material for traffic construction in Vietnam.

Fraction distribution of cadmium in surface sediment collected from bivalve species harvesting areas in Binh Thuan province (Tuy Phong, Phan Thiet, Lagi)

This paper aims to provide information about the fractions of cadmium (Cd) and its distribution in surface sediment collected from bivalves harvesting areas in Binh Thuan province (Tuy Phong, Phan Thiet, Lagi). For this purpose, the sediment samples were collected monthly along with these areas in 2015–2016. To analyze the fractions of Cd, a five-step Tessier (1979) sequential extraction process was used, including Fraction 1 (Exchangeable), Fraction 2 (Bound to carbonate), Fraction 3 (Bound to iron-manganese oxide), Fraction 4 (Bound to organic compounds), and Fraction 5 (Residual). The research showed that Cd concentrations contributed mainly to a strong association residual fraction (Fraction 5). However, the percentage of Cd in total Fraction 1 and Fraction 2 (high mobility and bioavailability fractions) in all areas was also relatively high. In the Tuy Phong and Lagi harvesting areas, the sediment distribution follows the trend of F5 > F2 > F3 > F4 > F1, while the trend present in sediment in the Phan Thiet harvesting area follows F2 > F5 > F3 > F1 > F4. The Fractions F1, F4, and F5 indicated a weak positive correlation with the total concentration of Cd, while F3 and F2 indicated medium and strong correlations, respectively. According to the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), the results reveal that Cd poses a high environmental risk in this area.

Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc lựa chọn điểm đến du lịch thành phố Phan Thiết của khách du lịch nội địa

The decision to choose a destination of tourists is influenced by many factors. Conducting research on these factors is an urgent issue to evaluate accurately and objectively the factors affecting the choice of the destination of the tourist. In this research the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been used to build a model to evaluate the factors afectting the choice of destination in Phan Thiet city of domestic tourists. The results show that there are 3 factors, including pulling and pushing motivation, price, publicity with different levels of impact. A number of suitable solutions to attract tourists to Phan Thiet have been developed.

Factors impacting the intention to use digital social insurance application (VSSID) in Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province

Factors impacting the intention to use digital social insurance application (VSSID) in Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province

Factors impacting the intention to use digital social insurance application (VSSID) in Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province

The study aims to determine the factors affecting the intention to use digital social insurance (VssID application) in Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province. The study applies a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The research data were collected from a direct survey of 150 residents in Phan Thiet City. The results have proved that six factors that positively affect the intention to use the VssID application, including performance expectancy, ease of use expectancy, subjective norms, trust, innovation, and health consciousness. Among these factors, the performance expectancy factor has the most influence on the intention to use the VssID application in Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province.

Estimated the Willingness to Pay Levels for the Adoption of the Internet of Things-IoTs Technology: An Empirical Study in Swiftlet Farming in Binh Thuan Province, Vietnam

Imported into Vietnam since 2005, domestic swiftlet farming has been being received, noticed, and invested by various stakeholders and multi-local government levels. Entering the digital era, digital technologies are amending the farming of swiftlet and the application of the Internet of Things-IoT technology along with Artificial Intelligence-AI is expanding rapidly. IoTs and Artificial Intelligent positively support farmers in order to collect, synthesize and analyze statistics of data, to be able to self-control, adjust the behavior of the farming activities based on precisely dosed indicators to limit the potential risks due to the enemies of the swiftlet or the bad guys stealing bird's nest. This study investigated 120 producers in Phan Thiet, Ham Thuan Bac, and Bac Binh where the highest population of swiftlet activity in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. The study applies the Willingness to Pay method in combining with the Linear Regression Model (LRS) to estimate the level of the Willingness to Pay (WTP) and its determinants for the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology. The findings indicated that producers agreed to pay 380 million VND (nearly 30% of total investment in equipment and technology) but the level of the WTP showed a large variation: 55 million of lowest group and while more than 1200 million of the highest one. The LRS model with 12 explanatory variables allowed to explain 51% of the factors' influence on the WTP. The findings indicated that should be taken into account the multi-aspects of solutions from producers, enterprises and local government achieve sustainable development in swiftlet farming.

Marine sediment quality at coastal monitoring stations in Vietnam 2016–2020

Marine sediment quality at Vietnam’s coastal monitoring stations in 2020 has an average ecological risk impact, with an average SQG-Q index of 0.16. 4-Four out of 24 stations have sediment quality with zero ecological risk impact, including Bach Long Vi, Thuan An, Phan Thiet, and Sa Huynh stations. The remaining stations (20/24 stations) have sediment quality with moderate ecological risk impact. The SQG-Q indices in 2020 and 2019 tend to decrease compared to 2018 and 2017.

Antibacterial properties of alcohol and water extracts of Waltheria indica (L.) plants collected from Binh Thuan province, Vietnam

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial ability of Waltheria indica species collected from two communes of Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province. Research methods included making ethanol extracts and decoction and investigating their ability to inhibit bacteria through agar well diffusion method and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that the ethanol extract was resistant to 5 tested strains of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) with diameters of bacterial inhibition zones ranging from 6.76 to 14.50 mm, in which the resistance to Gram-positive strains was better than Gram-negative strains. The decoction inhibited only 3/5 of the tested bacterial strains (S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli) with MICs from 125 to 750 mg/mL (dry weight of plant per volume of decoction). The antibacterial activities of extracts from the stems, leaves, and roots of the plants were different. Samples obtained from the 2 sites also showed different antibacterial capacities.

Proposed Strategy for the Development of a Local Geopark at Mui Ne Red Sand Dunes, Phan Thiet, Vietnam - based on Tourist Perceptions and Experience from Taiwan

Vietnam attracts many tourists owing to its unique and diverse geological landscapes. The Vietnam tourism development strategy until 2030 sets a target to make tourism a more sustainable economic sector, in which the advantages of natural resources and development of a variety of tourism products are promoted. Binh Thuan province in central-south Vietnam, hosts many high potential geosites including Mui Ne Red Dunes. Although this is a popular tourist destination, there is no clear tourism strategy for this site and local communities now regulate tourism in an unsustainable way. Online comments from review databases (TripAdvisor and Google reviews) are analysed to find themes in tourism perceptions after a visit to the Red Sand Dunes. Main themes are found that negatively affect tourist perceptions, such as the extended pollution of the dunes, theft reports and disturbance by jeeps, ATV’s and motorbikes. Many tourists recommend that this site should be better managed. To conserve this area in the future, the development of an all-inclusive local geopark is suggested, based on the tourism perceptions and previous studies assessing this landscape. This strategy is adapted from the UNESCO geopark framework and an example of a recently established local sand dune geopark in Taiwan is discussed. Implementing a local geopark, following the steps described in this study, can be beneficial for sustainable development and local communities in this area, while also promoting environmental education and enhancing disaster risk reduction.

Validation of an analytical method for the determination of inorganic, organic, and total arsenic in fish sauce based on hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry

An atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) method was performed to determine the total, inorganic, and organic arsenic in fish sauce. The total organic arsenic was calculated from the total and inorganic arsenic values quantified using the hydride generation AAS (HG-AAS). Under optimal experimental conditions at the absorbance wavelength of 193.7 nm, the concentration of inorganic arsenic in fish sauce ranged from 0.05 to 1.2 mg/L, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.015 mg/L. The detectable total arsenic concentrations varied widely, ranging from 0.03 to 2.5 mg/L with the LOD of as low as 0.01 mg/L. The practical applicability of the method was demonstrated with the recovery in the range from 97 to 102% for inorganic arsenic, and 97 to 101% for organic arsenic. The method was applied to the analysis of commercial products from Nha Trang, Phan Thiet, and Phu Quoc City, Vietnam. The total organic arsenic in fish sauce samples determined by HG-AAS was compared with the results of liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). The f-test and t-test showed null hypothesis for acceptable variance and mean at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the HG-AAS method had high efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity in quantifying inorganic and total organic arsenic in fish sauce using simple instrumentation.

CẤU TRÚC THẢM THỰC VẬT Ở ĐỒI CÁT BAY MŨI NÉ, THÀNH PHỐ PHAN THIẾT, TỈNH BÌNH THUẬN

There were three vegetation types in blowing sand dunes of Mui Ne, Phan Thiet city, Binh Thuan province; native sand binding grasses type, mix species of native grasses and low shrub type and evergreen trees biome in coastal sand dune type. Group of dominant typical species were identified in each vegetation type in which three significant canopy layers were confirmed with evergreen trees biome in coastal sand dune type. The similarity among different vegetation types was evaluated, Sorenson’s index (S) showed that similarity of species in the vegetation types native sand binding grasses and mix species of natuve grasses and low shrub is 0.61, Shannon index (H’) for all three types is low but the highest come from evergreen trees biome in coastal sand dune type (H’ = 0.17 for trees and 0.06 for vines and shrub species. Results and lessons learned from this study are referred to conservation and ecological restoration activities.

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction with the Bus Service Quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative

This study aims to determine the factors influencing customer satisfaction with the bus service quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative. Research data are collected from 290 customers who regularly use bus services of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative. Applying the exploratory factor analysis and multivariate linear regression, the research results indicate factors positively affecting customer satisfaction with bus service quality are trust, assurance, empathy, traffic culture, perceived value, quality of the station, and tangible facilities. In which, the perceived value puts the most impact on customer satisfaction with the bus service quality of Phan Thiet Automobile Transport Cooperative. Keywords: satisfaction, bus service, customer.

Assessing of topographic changes in the Fairy Stream, Phan Thiet by 3D topographic mapping method

Currently, the Fairy Stream is a breathtaking tourist destination for domestic and foreign tourists due to the natural unspoiled beauty of the area. However, this landscape is vulnerable to human impacts such as littering, carving words on sand walls, climbing on sand walls causing slips and falls. Therefore, the requirements for management and monitoring of topographic changes are essential to preserving the beauty of this place. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is being widely applied in the world with much researches on applications in the fields of agriculture, mining, construction, etc. Thanks to the development of the "Structure from Motion" (SfM) method to generate a digital surface model (DSM) from UAV images and orthomosaic, which helps to accurately and quickly assess the topographic changes of the area. The author uses UAVs in landscape assessment, researches topographic changes in the Fairy Stream, Binh Thuan tourist, and 3D models at three different times about every 4 months. DEM of Difference (DoD) method is applied to analyze the change in elevation of the area and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) method to calculate the accretion and erosion interval over time. Flow velocity and material composition analysis demonstrate that the flow velocity exceeds the maximum erosion resistance velocities of fine and medium grain materials. Calculation by DSAS shows that erosion rate is 1.95m/8 months and accretion rate is 1.33m/8 months. After assessing, the author concludes that the fluctuation mechanism of the Fairy Stream is affected by the Northeast and Southwest monsoons, combined with the tourist factor. The study has demonstrated the potential of using UAVs in terrain change assessment to supports authorities in decision-making, provide better management measures such as zoning sensitive areas, placing signs, restricting visitors, etc.

Influence of School Environment on the Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State

Being accepted as out of the four essential language skills in the language learning process, writing seems to be difficult for numerous EFL learners. This research is an endeavor to explore if learners can grow out of the writing difficulties with topic-based writing activity. 78 third-year students at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Phan Thiet University in Phan Thiet City, Binh Thuan Province participated in the study. These students were in the two writing classes, one class was treated as the experimental group (EG) and the other as the control group (CG). Research findings exposed the benefits of topic-based writing activity in nurturing learners' writing motivation and enhancing their writing skill. Furthermore, this activity gave students good chances to widen their knowledge on the topic, enrich their emotion on disadvantaged people, and build a friendly learning environment outside the classroom. The necessity and usefulness of the application of topic-based writing activity was predominantly recognized among students.