PFM Crowns Research Articles

Restoration of Bilateral Premolars Using Custom Made Cast Post and Core: A Case Report

When grossly carious teeth need to be restored after endodontic treatment, long term success depends on the choice of the post and core systems. A custom-cast post and core is recommended when the remaining tooth structure is compromised and an insufficient ferrule is present. The following case report depicts the restoration of bilateral grossly carious premolar teeth by using custom-cast posts followed by PFM crowns. The patient presented with bilateral severely carious premolars with pulpal necrosis. The treatment plan included endodontic treatment followed by custom-cast posts and cores with PFM crowns. In this way, aesthetics and function for the patient can be achieved by using cast metal posts and metal ceramic crowns for the restoration of premolars.

Pertimbangan pemasangan implan gigi pada pasien lanjut usia

Background: The elderly population is a group of people who are vulnerable have tooth loss so it is common to use of dental implant for replace it. Unfortunately, decreased function and changes in the condition of the tissues of the oral cavity and alveolar bones due to the aging process are often make installation of implant more complicated. Futhermore, in the elderly often found systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases that affect the installation of implants. But if the quality and quantity of alveolar bone and soft tissue are adequate accompanied by a healthy elderly condition, it is possible that implant placement will be succesfull.
 Case Report: A 69-years-old male patient attended a clinic to replace his missing right lower teeth with permanent denture. After undergoing several examinations, it was decided to perform dental implant on tooth 46, diameter 3.8 mm and length 10.5 mm with a cemented-screw type PFM crown. The implant and PFM crown were successfully placed in tooth 46 and patients were comfortable with the implant without any complaints of pain.
 Conclusion: chronological age by itself is suggested as one of the risk factors for success, but it would not be a contraindication as long as the condition of the alveolar bone is adequate and systemic disease is well controlled.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Need for the Root Canal Therapy for the Full Crown Restorations: An Original Study.

There are numerous chances for pulpal irritation during the placement of a crown on a tooth. This study's goal was to find and examine the variables that influence the prevalence of routine root canal therapy after the teeth were restored with full coverage crowns. The hospital records were retrospectively evaluated from 2000 to 2010 for a decade. The demographics as well as the various variables that caused for the intervention with the root canal therapy for the teeth with the full crowns were evaluated. The values were compared for the significance. The total number of the teeth that were finalized in the study was 4308. Of the total teeth that were treated with full coverage crowns, 50% were metal ceramic, 42% were full ceramic, and 9% were full metal crowns. After 10 years, possibility that every tooth with a crown would survive was 91%. The most frequent adverse incident was the intervention with the RCT. Metal ceramic crowns had poor survival rates and needed the maximum intervention. Younger age-group had least survival rate than the older age-groups. Endodontic therapy is unlikely to be necessary after crown installation. As the patient's age declines and all-ceramic or PFM crowns are used, this risk rises.

An In Vitro Study to Compare the Fracture Load and Aging Resistance of High-speed Sintered Monolithic Zirconia and PFM Crowns

An In Vitro Study to Compare the Fracture Load and Aging Resistance of High-speed Sintered Monolithic Zirconia and PFM Crowns

The Aesthetic Restoration of Missing Anterior Teeth with A Dmls Prosthesis-A Case Report

The most significant social connecting gesture and vital to professional advancement is a confident, appealing smile. Patients may experience social and psychological discomfort as a result of the loss of their anterior teeth. The contemporary dental situation provides numerous treatment options for the aesthetic and functional replacement of a congenitally or traumatically lost anterior tooth in young and adult patients, including implant crown, conventional FDP, Resin Bonded FDP, or RPD. The most important aspect of an aesthetic anterior restoration is patient satisfaction with the cosmetic and functional outcome of therapy. This case report discusses the aesthetic correction of missing maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using intra-oral scanning and DMLS PFM crowns.

Evaluation of Patient’s Aesthetic Satisfaction after the Cementation of the Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown

Aim: To assess the aesthetic satisfaction with the metal-ceramic dental prosthesis in relation to patient education, age and gender. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was undertaken by selecting 360 adult patients from both genders indicated for single maxillary porcelain fused to metal crowns. These patients were categorized into three groups based on gender, age, and education. Patients were assessed for aesthetic satisfaction for tooth shape; color, angulation, visibility, and shade at the time of insertion and at a follow-up of 12 weeks. At the time of the prosthesis insertion, a self-evaluation questionnaire was provided to each patient to record their satisfaction levels with the prosthesis. Satisfaction levels among the participants were evaluated based on participants' age, gender, and education level (Chi-square). A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study enrolled 150(41.67%) males and 210(58.33%) females with the participant age ranging from 19 to 60 years and a mean age of 30.53 (± 10.88 years). 84(23.3%) were uneducated participants, 210(58.3%) were high school graduates, and 66(18.3%) were university graduates. A decrease in the level of satisfaction was observed with increasing years of patient education at insertion. The overall aesthetic satisfaction among patients at PFM crown insertion (65%) and at 12 weeks follow-up (69.2%) was statistically comparable (p>0.05). Practical implication: Aesthetic is the most important consideration for the replacement of anterior teeth. Numerous studies evaluated the aesthetic satisfaction of the patients after providing full ceramic prosthesis, however, data regarding patient satisfaction after the metal ceramic dental prosthesisis scarce in the scientific literature. Conclusion: Satisfaction with the esthetic restoration depends on patient education and awareness. Age and education add to a person's experience and increase awareness with respect to better aesthetics. Keywords: Aesthetics; patient satisfaction; assessment; patient care, metal ceramic prosthesis

Maxillary Ridge Split with Simultaneous Implant Placement – A Case Report

Inadequate alveolar ridge width often poses difficulty in implant placement. Such ridges require a combination of techniques in placing implants. One such technique is the ridge split technique which helps the expansion of the ridge with or without greenstick fracture of cortical plates. Before placing implants the width of the alveolar ridge can be effectively restored utilising the modified ridge splitting approach employing autologous bone grafts. This case report describes the ridge splitting and placement of a dental implant in the left maxillary central region followed by guided bone regeneration. Ridge expansion was done in relation to 21 and osteotomy was prepared to the desired depth. After proper treatment planning implant measuring 3.5 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length was placed. Four months later final cementation was done with PFM crown. The ridge split technique with the immediate implant placement resulted in minimal resorption of alveolar bone along with maximum expansion of the bone. The sequential surgical and restorative techniques were combined into one successful protocol whose steps are well elaborated in this case report.

Management of Root Perforation : A Case Report

Background : Root perforation results in the communication between root canal walls and periodontal space (external tooth surface). It is commonly caused by an operative procedural accident or pathological alteration (such as extensive dental caries, and external or internal inflammatory root resorption). The diagnosis of dental pulp and/or periapical tissue previous to root perforation is an important predictor of prognosis. Case : A female patient came to Dental Conservative University of Airlangga with complaints of perforated lower left molars. On the objective examination obtained negative vitality test, positive on bite test. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent on bifurcation was performed Case management : The tooth was treated by hemisection. Root canal treatment was carried out in the distal canals. Afterwards, the tooth was split mesio-distally. The mesial root was extracted, and the distal root was retained and restored with PFM Crown. Discussion : Hemisection is a useful alternative treatment to extraction to save the multi-rooted teeth by endodontic approach, which includes the root canal treatment of the remaining roots and restoring them with suitable restorative material to splinting it with the adjacent tooth to decrease the risk of displacement followed by a fixed prosthodontic prosthesis to maintain the occlusal balance. Conclusion : Hemisection with subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation can be a viable alternative to retain severely decayed mandibular molar.

Metal Ion Emission and Corrosion Resistance of 3D-Printed Dental Alloy

Background: Prosthetic rehabilitation requires application of materials with different chemical, mechanical and biological properties which must provide longevity, esthetics, and safe use. Corrosion resistance and metal ion emission are the major factors defining biocompatibility of base dental alloys. Digitalization in Dentistry leads to development of new materials suitable for CAD/CAM technologies. Cobalt-chromium powder alloys are used for additive manufacturing of PFM crowns. The aim of this study is to evaluate corrosion resistance and metal ion emission of Cobalt-chromium dental alloy for 3D printing. Materials and methods: 35 metal copings were designed using digital files of intraoral scans of 35 patients. CoCr dental alloy EOS CobaltChrome SP2 (EOS, Germany) was used to produce the copings by DMLS (direct laser metal sintering). Tests for presence of free Cobalt ions were conducted at several stages of the production process. Open circuit potential measurements were conducted 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days after placing the copings in artificial saliva. Metal ion emission was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) after 24 hour- and 7 day-period of stay in the solution. Results: Tests for free Cobalt ions were positive at all stages during production of the metal copings. Eocp measurements showed high corrosion resistance which increased in time. ICP-MS showed significantly higher amount of cobalt and chromium ions after 7-day period of stay compared to 24-hour period. Conclusion: Studied alloy showed high corrosion resistance at in vitro conditions. Detected ion emission requires further investigations on the biological properties.

Comparison of internal fit of metal-ceramic crowns in CAD/CAM and lost-wax techniques in all fabrication stages through replica weighting, triple scanning, and scanning electron microscope.

ObjectivesRestoration fit is one of the prerequisites of clinical durability. It is controversial as to whether computer‐assisted design/computer‐aided milling (CAD/CAM) or lost‐wax fabrication methods result in more fit metal‐ceramic crowns. This in‐vitro study was conducted to examine the internal fit of porcelain fused to metal crowns fabricated using CAD/CAM and lost‐wax techniques during fabrication stages (framework, porcelain, cementation) through digital triple scanning, replica weighting, and observation with electron microscopy.Material and methodsTwenty uniform resin dies of prepared first maxillary molars were randomly divided into two groups according to the fabrication technique: lost wax and CAD/CAM. The internal fit was measured in all steps of completing the crowns (framework, porcelain, and cementation) using different methods, including triple scanning, replica weighting, and scanning electron microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using t test, Pearson, and repeated measures analysis of variance (α = .05).ResultsTriple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of CAD/CAM and lost‐wax groups in all the fabrication steps (p > .05). The replica weighting method showed no difference between groups in the framework step (p > .05), while the internal fit was significantly better in the CAD/CAM group after porcelain application (p < .05). After cementation, electron microscopy measurements showed no difference between CAD/CAM and lost wax groups (p > .05). The Pearson correlation test showed no significant correlation between electron microscopy, replica weighing, and triple scanning methods (p > .05).ConclusionAccording to scanning electron microscopy as the superior evaluation method, the internal fit of cobalt–chrome PFM crown of both CAD/CAM and lost wax groups was within the acceptable clinical range and there was no significant difference between them. Triple scanning revealed no difference in the internal fit of framework and porcelain steps but a better fit after cementation. According to replica weighting, the internal fit in the porcelain step was higher than the framework.

An Evaluation of the Usefulness of YouTube® Videos on Crown Preparation.

Background You Tube is one of the most commonly used online sources for sharing information and knowledge. Academic topics or clinical data shared on this platform is not peer reviewed or evaluated by subject specialists for accuracy. No study was found in the literature examining the validity of crown preparation videos available at this platform. Objective To evaluate the authenticity of the content and quality of the crown preparation videos uploaded on the YouTube. Methods The systematic search for YouTube videos was carried out over a period of one year from January 2020 until February 2021. The keywords or phrases and tags used were crown preparation, PFM crown preparation, all ceramic crown preparation, and dental crown preparation. The videos were shortlisted on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria to select educationally useful videos in terms of content and quality. Results Three subject specialists evaluated the videos on crown preparation three times to shortlist only 12 (11%) educationally useful videos out of 109 relevant videos. These 12 videos met the preset inclusion criteria. Conclusion Although YouTube is the most popular social media platform used as the source of information by the students, the majority of uploaded content lacks authenticity. This study found that crown preparation videos uploaded by the faculty members or subject specialists can be considered as the reliable source.

Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of a Newly Introduced Primer with Conventional Primer Using Two Types of Brackets Bonded to Different Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

Background Increasing prevalence of adult orthodontics necessitates improvement in bonding techniques to different intraoral surfaces enamel composite amalgam porcelain. Research focusing on newer materials minimizing bond failures is important as replacing loose brackets is inefficient time-consuming and costly.Objective To compare the shear bond strength SBS and adhesive remnants achieved with the new Assure Plus AP primer versus conventional Transbond XT TXT primer for bonding metalceramic brackets to three different surfaces tooth enamel composite and porcelain-fused-to-metal PFM ceramic.Methods This in vitro study included 40 samples each of extracted teeth Group-1 composite restorations Group-2 and PFM crowns Group-3 mounted on acrylic blocks onto which metal Category-M or ceramic Category-C brackets were bonded using TXT Subgroup-A or AP primer Subgroup-B 10 samples in each class. Their SBS and Adhesive Remnant Index ARI were compared between and within the groups using ANOVA Tukeyrsquos post hoc analysis and Weibull analysis. The level of significance was set at p lt0.05.Results The two primers showed no significant differences in mean SBS within Groups-1 and 2 and in mean ARI within any group p gt0.05. Group-3 showed higher mean SBS with AP primer than with TXT primer BCgtBMgtACgtAM p lt0.001. Failure probability was also lower with AP than with TXT primer.Conclusion AP primer showed significantly greater SBS than TXT primer when used for bonding brackets to PFM crowns. AP primer also showed lower failure probability than TXT primer on all three surfaces tooth enamel composite PFM ceramic.

Penatalaksanaan dan Pemilihan Teknik Augmentasi Tulang pada Pemasangan Implan Dental

Background: Inadequate bone condition in dental implants can be a fundamental problem. The success of implant therapy depends on adequate bone thickness at the implant site. Inadequate bone condition due to atrophy, periodontal disease, trauma, or vertical, horizontal, and sagittal intermaxillary relationships can result in insufficient bone volume for implant placement. Bone augmentation for implant treatment it’s a common practice to obtain the function and aesthetics expected in areas of inadequate bone. Several techniques and materials of bone augmentation with varying success rates are known, one of which is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). Objective: To add information about the management of bone augmentation in dental implants using the Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique. Case Report: A 20-year-old female patient attended a clinic to solve a functional problem and prevent dental shifting after tooth extraction. She wanted to have permanent dentures for the left mandibular. After undergoing several examinations, it was decided to perform dental implants on tooth 36, diameter 3.4 mm and length 10.5 mm with a cemented-screw type PFM crown. In this case, the bone augmentation technique is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) with allograft bone grafts. After being observed for approximately one year, it appears that new bone formation has occurred, which supports the success of the dental implant treatment. Conclusion: Various bone augmentation techniques are effective in correcting inadequate bone conditions prior to implant placement.

Mechanical Stability of Screw-Retained Monolithic and Bi-layer Posterior Hybrid Abutment Crowns after Thermomechanical Loading: An In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the failure-load and survival-rate of screw-retained monolithic and bi-layered crowns bonded to titanium-bases before and after mouth-motion fatigue, 72 titanium-implants (SICvantage-max, SIC-invent-AG) were restored with three groups (n = 24) of screw-retained CAD/CAM implant-supported-single-crowns (ISSC) bonded to titanium-bases: porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM-control), porcelain-fused-to-zirconia (PFZ-test) and monolithic LDS (LDS-test). Half of the specimens (n = 12/group) were subjected to fatigue in a chewing-simulator (1.2 million cycles, 198 N, 1.67 Hz, thermocycling 5–55 °C). All samples were exposed to single-load-to-failure without (PFM0, PFZ0, LDS0) or with fatigue (PFM1, PFZ1, LDS1). Comparisons were statistically analyzed with t-tests and regression-models and corrected for multiple-testing using the Student–Neuman–Keuls method. All PFM and LDS crowns survived fatigue exposure, whereas 16.7% of PFZ showed chipping failures. The mean failure-loads (±SD) were: PFM0: 2633 ± 389 N, PFM1: 2349 ± 578 N, PFZ0: 2152 ± 572 N, PFZ1: 1686 ± 691 N, LDS0: 2981 ± 798 N, LDS1: 2722 ± 497 N. Fatigue did not influence load to failure of any group. PFZ ISSC showed significantly lower failure-loads than monolithic-LDS regardless of artificial aging (p < 0.05). PFM ISSC showed significantly higher failure loads after fatigue than PFZ (p = 0.032). All ISSC failed in a range above physiological chewing forces. Premature chipping fractures might occur in PFZ ISSC. Monolithic-LDS ISSC showed high reliability as an all-ceramic material for screw-retained posterior hybrid-abutment-crowns.

MANAGEMENT OF ELISS CLASS IV FRACTURE USING FIBER POST : A CASE REPORT

Coronal fractures of permanent anterior teeth by trauma are the most frequent type of injury. Many factors are considered in the effort to provide optimal mechanical properties, aesthetic, and longevity. The usage of Post and Core system for management of groosly mutilated tooth has been widely accepted and used. This paper will explain case report of a patient having fractured central incisor which was managed by Root canal treatment followed by bre post and then a PFM crown , which was the minimally invasive treatment in this case.

Evaluation of Effect of Fabrication Steps on Marginal Adaptation of CAD/CAM Zirconia-based Crowns in Comparison to Sintered PFM Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Evaluation of Effect of Fabrication Steps on Marginal Adaptation of CAD/CAM Zirconia-based Crowns in Comparison to Sintered PFM Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Comparsion of the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent- an in vitro study

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent. 40 metal free zirconia crowns and 40 PFM crowns were fabricated with glazed surfaces according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the study purpose. The samples were divided in two groups A and B and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (A1, A2) and (B1, B2) Twenty metal free ceramic crowns were etched with 9% buffered HF acid gel for 2 minutes, thoroughly washed and air dried. Relyx ceramic primer (silane coupling agent) was applied to the treated surface.20 porcelain fused metal crowns were etched with 9% buffered HF acid gel for 2 minutes, thoroughly washed and air dried. Relyx ceramic primer (silane coupling agent) was applied to the treated surfaceThe shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to porcelain fused metal crowns and metal free ceramic crowns with and without silane coupling agent. ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey’s test (HSD) tests were used for statistical analysis. The result showed that group B1 demonstrate the maximum shear bond strength among all groups which is 9%HF +Relyx ceramic primer application on porcelain fused metal crowns (10.27+1.31Mpa) and has highly significant value. Whereas lowest shear bond strength belongs to group B2which is 9%HF and primer is not applied (5.4+0.73 MPa). Hence it can be concluded that Relyx ceramic primer is more aooropriate choice for bonding orthodontic metal brackets on PFM and zirconia surfaces with conventional bonding system.

Fracture strength of various titanium-based, CAD-CAM and PFM implant crowns.

CAD-CAM has dramatically advanced dental restorative procedures to include implant-supported crowns. The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance following mechanical loading and thermocycling of various screw-retained and cement-retained ceramic and polymethylmethacrylate material combinations using the TiBase abutment compared to PFM implant-supported crowns. Twelve implant restorations were fabricated for each of eight groups. Three groups were screw-retained and five groups were cement-retained implant restorations. The ceramic and polymethylmethacrylate restorations were fabricated on the TiBase abutment while the PFM restorations were fabricated on an UCLA abutment. Data were analyzed with a one way Analysis of Variance and Tukey's post-hoc test to evaluate the effect of abutment and crown type on fracture load (alpha = 0.05). A significant difference was found in the maximum fracture load between groups (P < 0.001). The screw-retained implant restorations demonstrated higher fracture loads than their cement-retained counterparts. The TiBase abutment compared favorably to the UCLA abutment. The TiBase abutment is a titanium insert which combines the esthetics of a ceramic abutment with the mechanical properties of a titanium abutment and should be considered a viable clinical alternative to the conventional implant-supported PFM crown based on theses in vitro results and in context of in vivo studies. The lithium disilicate hybrid abutment/crown implant-supported restoration utilizing the TiBase abutment may be an ideal clinical choice due to simplicity, single appointment CAD-CAM, and esthetics.

The treatment strategy of an oblique complicated crown-root fracture: A case report

A crown-root fracture is defined as a fracture which involve enamel; dentin and root cementum with or without the involvement of pulp. If pulp is involved it is known as complicated crown-root fracture. It is usually oblique in nature involving both crown and root. In this case report we have a case of 20 year old female with oblique complicated crown-root fracture and an irreversible pulpitis of maxillary left canine. In this case endodontic therapy followed by reattachment of fractured fragment with a prefabricated fiber post followed by PFM crown was the treatment plan for the patient and patient responded successfully to treatment..

Hemisection of the first-molars mandibula: a case report

Background: Hemisection is an endodontic surgery performed by removing one or more roots and existing crown structures to increase retention of the remaining teeth and to correct defected dental roots that are not possible to maintain. This study aims to evaluate the treatment of hemisection in the lower left first molar in the mesial tooth root with the restoration of the splint crown end with tooth 35 as retention at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia. Case Description: Male patient aged 21 years, in tooth 36 there is a cavity with a temporary restoration accompanied by a periodontal abscess. Teeth are sensitive to percussion tests and palpation, mobility is normal. Radiographic features appear to be perforated in the furcation section, and furcation involvement. Diagnosis of teeth 36 pulp necrosis is accompanied by abscess periodontal. During the first visit periodontal abscess drainage was performed, followed by functional crown lengthening in the periodontia. After one week of observation, there were no complaints, continued treatment of the distal root canal until the root canal filling. The next visit was carried out hemisection surgery in the form of separation of root bifurcation and extraction of mesial roots to the existing crown structure. Two months after the surgical procedure was evaluated, there was a good increase in bone density and no complaints. Then, the tapered serrated post was accompanied by the manufacture of composite core and final restoration using PFM crown splint with tooth 35 as retention. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of hemisection is a reliable alternative solution and has a good prognosis because it can maintain dental and periodontal tissue as long as possible without tooth extraction.